高考英语大一轮复习讲义Unit3AtasteofEnglishhumour含解析新人教必修4
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Unit 3 A taste of English humour
1.content(adj.) 满足的;满意的
(n.) 满足
2.fortunate(adj.) 幸运的;吉利的
3.overcome(vt.& vi.) 战胜;克服
4.outstanding(adj.) 突出的;杰出的;显著的
5.gesture(n.) 姿态;手势
(vi.) 做手势
6.particular(adj.) 特殊的;分外的
(n.) 细节;细目
7.occasion(n.) 时刻;场合
8.slide(vt.& vi.) (使)滑动;(使)滑行
(n.) 滑;滑动;幻灯片
9.whisper(n.) 耳语;低语
(vt.& vi.) 低语;小声说
10.mess(n.) 脏或乱的状态
11.humour(n.)幽默;有趣→humourous(adj.)有趣的;幽默的
12.performer(n.)表演者;演出者→perform(v.)执行;表演→performance(n.)执行;演出
13.entertain(vt.& vi.)使欢乐;款待→entertainment(n.)娱乐→entertaining(adj.)愉快的;有趣的
14.convince(vt.)使信服→convincing(adj.)令人信服的→convinced(adj.)坚信不移的
15.direct(vt.& vi.)导演;指示;指挥;(adj.)直的;直接的;直率的→director(n.)导演→direction(n.)指导→directly(adv.& conj.)直接地;径直的;一……就……
16.amuse(vt.)使发笑;使愉快→amusing(adj.)好笑的;有趣的→amused(adj.)愉快的→amusement(n.)消遣;娱乐(活动)
17.astonish vt.使惊诧→astonished adj.感应惊讶的→astonishing adj.令人感应惊讶的→astonishment n.惊讶
18.react vi.作出反映;回应→reaction n.反映;回应
1.up_to_now 直到现在
2.feel/be_content_with 对……满足
3.badly_off 穷的;缺少的
4.pick_out 挑出;分辩出
5.cut_off 堵截;间断中止
6.as_if/as_though 仿佛
7.star_in 担任主角;主演
8.be_particular_about 对……抉剔
1.As Victor Hugo once said,“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”,and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.
维克多·雨果曾经说过:“笑容如阳光,能驱走人们脸上的冬天。
”关于这一点,直到今天也没有人能比查理·卓别林做得更好。
名师指津:as引导定语从句,意为“正如,正像”。
例句仿写:正如我们多次强调的那样,“为人民办事”是我们的第一宗旨。
As we have stressed many times,“serve the people” is our first policy.
2.Unfortunately his father died,leaving the family even worse off,so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.
不幸的是他的父亲去世了,使得他的家庭状况更糟了,因此查理的童年是在照顾生病的母亲和弟弟中度过的。
名师指津:leaving the family even worse off为现在分词短语作结果状语。
例句仿写:大自然为我们的祖国提供了丰富的自然宝藏,使之成为我们幸福的家园。
Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures,making_it_a_happy_home for us.
3.By his teens,Charlie had,through his humour,become one of the m ost popular child actors in England.在十多岁的时候,凭借着本身的幽默,查理已经在英国成为最受欢迎的童星之一。
名师指津:by暗示“到……为止”,句子常用完成时态。
例句仿写:到明年的这个时刻,你们大师就都成为大学生了。
By this time of next year,all of you will_have_become_college_students.
content adj .满足的,满意的;n .内容,目录,容量;满足;vt .使满足
教材原句P 18:He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed ,so they could feel more content with their lives.
在人们感应沮丧的时候,他可以使他们开怀大笑,于是人们就对本身的生活感应比力满足。
(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ be content to do sth.乐于做某事be content with 对……满足/满意
(2)content oneself with
满足于;使(或人)本身对……感应满足
①(朗文P 433)I was_no_longer_content/satisfied_with the life that had once contented me.
我已经不再满足于曾经使我满足的生活了。
②That rich man is tired of city life ,so he is_content_to_live in the country.那位富人厌倦了城市生活,于是他愿意生活在乡下。
③We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only.
我们永远不要仅仅满足于书本知识。
④She dropped her purse and the contents fell out on the floor. 她的皮包掉下,里面的东西散落在地板上。
direct vt .& vi .导演;指挥;指示;adj .径直的;直接的;直率的;adv .直接地 (朗文P 567)A policeman stood in the middle of the road ,directing the traffic.一名警察站在路中央指挥交通。
(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ direct sb.to do sth.指示令或人做某事direct +that 从句谓语动词用虚拟语气
direct sb.to a place 告诉或人去某地
(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ in the direction of...朝……标的目的under the direction of...在……指导下in all directions =in every direction 朝四面八方
(3)directly adv .直接地,也可作连词,引导时间状语从句,
意为“一……就……”。
①The general directed that the prisoners (should) be set free.
将军下令释放监犯。
②I like to make friends with anyone who is_open_and_direct. 我喜欢和任何坦诚直爽的人交伴侣。
③Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.
老师一进来大师就安静了。
particular adj .特殊的;分外的;抉剔的;n .细节;细目
(2021·江西卷单项填空)She has already tried her best.Please don’t be too particular about her job.
她已经尽力了,请不要过分抉剔她的工作。
(1)be particular about/over sth.对……讲究;抉剔
be particular to do sth.特地做某事
in particular 尤其;分外;非分特别
(2)particularly adv .尤其;分外
①I have nothing particular to do this evening ,so let’s go out for a walk.今晚我没有什么分外的事要做,咱们出去散散步吧!
②She loves the song in_particular ,because her mother used to sing it.她分外喜欢这首歌,因为她妈妈过去常常唱。
③Text messages are very popular in recent years ,particularly among young people.
近年来手机短信大受欢迎,尤其在年轻人傍边。
whisper vi .& vt .低语,小声说;把(诡秘等)暗暗传开;n .耳语,低语
(牛津P 2294)She leaned over and whispered something in his ear.
她探过身去附耳给他说了些什么。
whisper to sb.与或人耳语
in a whisper =in whispers =in a low voice 耳语地,低声地
It is/was whispered that...据诡秘风闻……
①The manager was angry at seeing his employee whispering in the office then warned them not to do that again.经理看到员工在办公室里窃窃私语分外生气,于是警告他们不要再暗里扳谈。
②They sat at the back of the room ,talking_in_whispers. 他们坐在房间的后面低声谈话。
convince vt .使确信(信服) (2021·江苏书面表达)The picture convinces me that it is even more important to be a good daughter than a good student.这幅图画让我深信做一个好女儿甚至比做一个“好”学生更重要。
(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ convince sb.of sth.使或人信服……convince sb.to do sth.说服或人做某事
convince sb.that 使或人确信……
(2)be convinced of/that...确信……
(3)convincing adj .有说服力的;令人信服的
①You need to convince_your_interviewer_of your ability to master the work. 你需要让你的面试官相信你有把握这份工作的能力。
②Truly_convinced that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis ,people are optimistic about the future of the country.相信政府可以带领他们走出金融危机,人们对国家的未来感应乐观。
③There is now convincing evidence that smoking causes lung cancer.现有令人信服的证据说吸烟能导致肺癌。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.__________________________________(对目前的工作不满意),he has been busy hunting for a new one.
答案:Not content with his present job
2.Careful studies have pointed out that as many as 50 percent of patients____________________________________(不按指示服药).
答案:do not take drugs as directed
3.In order not to be heard by the people around us,I________________(对他低语) that I was leaving.
答案:whispered to him
4.We__________________________(听到这个消息很吃惊) that Wang Li failed in the competition.
答案:felt astonished to hear the news
5.__________________________(没有令人信服的证据) that smoking will cause lung cancer.
答案:There is no convincing evidence
Ⅱ.单项填空
1.(2021·南京四校阶段调研)Nowadays teenagers are not________to stand and appreciate works of art;they prefer to participate in them.
A.content B.co ntroversial
C.confident D.absolute
解析:考查形容词。
句意为:如今,青少年不满足于只是站着欣赏艺术作品;他们更喜欢参与到艺术作品中。
A项暗示“满足的,满意的”;B项暗示“有争议的”;C项暗示“自信的”;D项暗示“绝对的”。
按照句意可知应选A。
答案: A
2.(2021·湖南省部分重点中学5月联考)________of his son’s safety,the father turned off the light and went to bed.
A.Being convinced B.Convincing
C.Convinced D.Having convinced
解析:考查非谓语动词。
句意为:确信他儿子是安全的,这个父亲关上灯并上床睡觉了。
the father与convince之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
答案: C
3.(2021·唐山高三质检)Scientists are convinced__________the positive effect of laughter________physical and mental health.
A.of;at B.by;in
C.of;on D.on;at
解析:句意为:科学家们坚信笑对身心健康有积极影响。
be convinced of坚信,深
信,确信;effect 常与on 连用,意为“对……的影响”。
以上两个均属于固定搭配,故选C 。
答案: C
4.(2021·六安模拟)If you had read the________carefully ,some mistakes in the exam could have been avoided.
A .introductions
B .directions
C .descriptions
D .constructions
解析: 句意为:如果仔细阅读说明,考试中的很多错误都可避免。
introduction 介绍;direction 要求;说明(书);description 描述;construction 扶植。
答案: B
5.In order not to let the others hear what he said ,he________the news to me.
A .shouted
B .told
C .whispered
D .said
解析: 句意为:为了不让别人听见他说的话,他低声告诉了我这个消息。
whisper 低声说;低语,符合题意。
答案: C
6.(2021·福建名校质量检查)2021 will still be a difficult year for some people ,________those facing the continuing effects of the bad economy.
A .on condition that
B .in particular
C .on purpose
D .in addition
解析: 考查介词短语辨析。
句意为:2021年对一些人来说,将依然会是艰难的一年,尤其是那些受经济不景气持续影响的人。
on condition that 条件是;in particular 分外,尤其;on purpose 有意(地);in addition 除此之外,另外。
答案: B
badly off 穷的;缺少的
(牛津P 131)We aren’t too badly off but we can’t afford a house like that.我们并不太穷,但我们肩负不起那样的房子。
(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ be well off 境况很好;富足be better off 境况较好
be worse off 更穷的
(2)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ worse and worse 越来越坏;每况愈下go from bad to worse 越来越坏;每况愈下to make matters worse =and what is worse 而更糟糕的是
①The school is rather badly_off_for books and equipment. 这所学校相当缺乏书和设备。
②We shouldn’t complain
about being poor because many families are much worse off.
我们不应该抱怨我们太贫穷,因为有很多家庭比我们更穷。
③She had lost her job.To_make_matters_worse ,she’d lost her house and her children ,too.
她工作丢了,更糟糕的是,她的房子和孩子也没了。
pick out 挑出;分辩出
教材原句P 18:Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.
查理首先挑出鞋带来吃,像是吃意大利面条一样。
pick up 拾起,捡起;收拾,整理;(有时)学会;用车接或人;收听到;身体好转 pick one’s p ocket 扒窃,掏包
①(牛津P 1492)She was picked_out from dozens of applicants for the job.她从大批的求职者中被选中承担这项工作。
②It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly pick out my friend.电影院里是那么黑以至于我几乎辨认不出我的伴侣。
③He picked_up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris.他在巴黎出差时顺便学会了一些法语。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.Jones was ill ,so she missed her chance of______________(主演) the school play last month.
答案: starring in
2.What worries us is that this is the third time____________________________________(电源被堵截) this week.
答案:the electricity has been cut off
3.The picture was taken a long time ago.I wonder___________________ _______________________________________________________(是否能辨认出我父亲).答案:if you can pick out my father
4.Solar energy is friendly to the environment,but it hasn’t been made the best of______________________(直到现在).
答案:up to now
5.Sam__________________(有时学会些电脑常识) just by watching others working on it.
答案:picked up some knowledge of the computer
Ⅱ.单项填空
1.(2021·杭州一检)The situation in the country is________yet we are still concerned about its future.
A.coming up B.drying up
C.breaking up D.picking up
解析:考查动词短语辨析。
句意为:这个国家的大势有所好转,然而我们仍然担心它的未来。
come up上升;dry up干涸;break up打碎,分裂;pick up好转,恢复。
按照句意可知,D项正确。
答案: D
2.(2021·江西重点中学高三3月联考)This picture was taken twenty years ago.I wonder if you can________my younger brother.
A.find out B.pick out
C.look out D.speak out
解析:考查动词短语辨析。
句意为:这张照片是20年前照的。
我不知道你能否认出我弟弟。
find out查明,弄清(情况),pick out分辩出,认出来;look out把稳,留神,speak out公开地说出来(尤指冒险暗示抗议),故B项符合句意。
答案: B
3.We shouldn’t complain about being poor,because many families are much________after the big earthquake.
A.better off B.badly off
C.well off D.worse off
解析:由句意和句子成分分析可知,空格处应用比力级,暗示“更拮据,更贫穷,境
况更不好”,故选D。
well off情况很好,富足;badly off穷的,缺少的。
答案: D
Unfortunately his father died,leaving the family even worse off,so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.
不幸的是他的父亲去世了,使得他的家庭状况更糟了,因此查理的童年是在照顾生病的母亲和弟弟中度过的。
leaving现在分词作结果状语。
①(2021·重庆卷)The news shocked the public,leading_to great concern about students’ safety at school.这条新闻使泛博民众感应很震惊,引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。
②European f ootball is played in 80 countries,making it the most popular sport in the world.
八十个国家踢欧式足球,使它成为世界上最风行的运动。
现在分词作结果状语常暗示“意料、情理之中”,而不定式作结果状语常表出乎意料的结果。
③He hurried to the bus stop,only_to_find the bus had left.
他匆匆地去了车站,结果发现车已分开。
④Her father disappeared,never to be heard from again.
她的父亲离家出走,从此杳无音讯。
As Victor Hugo once said,“Laughter is the sun that drives winter fro m the human face”,and up to now nobody has been able to do this be tter than Charlie Chaplin.
正如维克多雨果曾说过:“笑是阳光能驱赶人脸上的寒意”,直到现在为止没有人能比查理卓别林更好地做到这一点。
as在此引导定语从句,修饰后面整个句子,此时,定语从句的位置比力灵活,可放在句首、句中或句末,译为“正如,正像”。
①(2021·陕西卷)As is known to all,the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.
众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。
②(2021·浙江绍兴考前适应性检测)A good many proposals were raised in the meeting ,as_was__expected. 正如所预料的一样,在会议上提出了许多好建议。
辨析:as 与which 引导定语从句
(1)as 引导的从句可置于句前,而which 则不能。
(2)as 引导的从句,有“正如……”之意,而which 则没有。
(3)当先行词被so ,such ,the same(指同样的两个,若指同一个,关系词则用that)所修饰,或such ,the same 本身就是先行词时,关系代词用as ,不用which 。
(4)当as 在从句中作主语时,后面常接实义动词的被动式,如果从句中的实义动词是主动式,一般用which 作主语。
③After graduating fr om college ,I took some time off to go travelling ,which turned out to be a wise decision.大学毕业后,他花费一段时间旅游,结果成为一个明智的决意。
④He forgot to bring his pen with him,as was often the case.
他忘记带笔,对他来说是常有的事。
⑤This is such a difficult question ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ as nobody can work out.that noboday can work it out.
这是一个那么难的问题,没人能解决。
Ⅰ.完成句子
1.(2021·安徽卷)A lot of language learning ,__________________(正如发现的那样),is happening in the first year of life ,so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
答案: as has been discovered
2.He spent four years getting a degree ,________________(结果发现) there were no jobs for graduates.
答案: only to find
Ⅱ.单项填空
1.(2021·盐城二模)The story showed marriage between people of different races ,
________was against the law at that time.
A.who B.which
C.whoever D.whichever
解析:考查定语从句。
分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面的“marriage between people of different races”,并在从句中作主语,故用which引导。
答案: B
2.(2021·宝鸡二检)The British are not so familiar with other cultures and ways of doing things,________is often the case in other countries.
A.that B.who
C.as D.where
解析:考查定语从句。
句意为:英国人不太熟悉其他的文化以及干事方式,常常这一点在别的国家也是一样的。
as引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子的内容。
答案: C
3.(2021·豫西五校联考)________is shown in the report,teenager problems are often connected with family life education.
A.Which B.As
C.It D.What
解析:考查定语从句。
句意为:正如敷陈所显示的那样,青少年问题常与家庭教育相关。
关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句,可位于句首,代指后面整个句子,作从句的主语。
答案: B
4.(2021·安徽省淮北五校高三第四次联考)Some people try to knock me down,only________me more determined to do things better.
A.to make B.makes
C.having made D.made
解析:考查非谓语动词。
句意为:一些人努力将我打倒,结果却让我决心做得更好。
按照语意可知空处是不定式短语作结果状语,凡是与only连用,暗示出乎意料的结果。
答案: A
5.(2021·山东省胶东示范学校二模)More children in Beijing will reach school age next year,________a shortage of primary school teachers in the capital.
A.create B.to create
C.creating D.created
解析:考查非谓语动词。
句意为:明年在北京有更多的孩子到了上学的年龄,这导致小学教师短缺。
结合句意可知,此处应用动词的ing形式作结果状语,暗示自然而然的结果。
答案: C
o ccasion n .时刻;场合
Have you ever met with the occasion when you are mistaken?
你是否有过被人误解的时候?
entertain vt .& vi .使欢乐;款待
entertain sb.with sth.=sb.be entertained with sth.
用……使或人快乐
entertain sb.to sth.用……招待或人
They often entertained their friends to dinner at weekends.
他们常在周末招待伴侣吃饭。
astonish vt .使惊诧
(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ be astonished at/by sth.对某事感应惊讶be astonished to do sth.惊讶地做某事
(2)astonished adj .感应惊讶的
(3)astonishing adj .令人吃惊的
China is developing at an astonishing speed ,and will soon be one of the most powerful countries in the world.中国以令人惊讶的速度发展,不久将成为世界上最强大国家之一。
【写作素材】
1.有时,我们会见到一些在社会上很失败的人。
2.他们对生活不满意,不想去克服艰巨。
3.他们中有些人很抑郁,不和外界接触。
4.还有些人穷困潦倒,以致无家可归。
提示:黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。
【连句成篇】
Sometimes ,we see some social failures who are never content with society
and never think of overcoming difficulties.Some of them are depressed and cut off from the world.Some are so badly off that they become homeless.
v.ing作表语、定语、宾补
1.(2021·成都二诊)—Was it George who telephoned?
—No.A man________himself Peter.
A.called B.was called
C.calling D.to call
解析:考查非谓语动词。
句意为:——是乔治打来的电话吗?——不,是一个叫彼得的人。
A man与call之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系,且空处在句中作后置定语,故用call的现在分词形式。
答案: C
2.(2021·北京东城区综合练习二)Don’t have the water________while you brush your teeth.
A.running B.run
C.to run D.ran
解析:考查非谓语动词。
句意为:当你刷牙的时候别让水龙头一直开着。
使役动词have的固定结构为:have+宾语+现在分词或不定式。
此处应用现在分词作宾语补足语。
答案: A
3.(2021·四川省宜宾五校第二次调覆按试)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and________less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A.being weighed B.to weigh
C.weighe d D.weighing
解析:考查非谓语动词。
现在分词短语weighing less than 40 pounds和介词短语under the age of four同时作定语,修饰children,因为children和weigh是逻辑上的主谓关系,故D项正确。
答案: D
4.(2021·成都第一次诊断)The church________ from the 18th century is under repair at present.
A.dates B.to date
C.dated D.dating
解析:考查非谓语动词。
句意为:建于18世纪的那座教堂目前正在被修缮。
date from 的意思是“追溯到,始于”。
The church与date from之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用dating。
此句可以转化为“The church that/which dates from the 18th century is under repair at present.”。
答案: D
5.(2021·威海两校模拟)The lady was so absorbed in her job that she didn’t hear a customer________at the door.
A.to knock B.knocking
C.be knocked D.knocked
解析:考查非谓语动词。
句意为:这位女士如此专注于她的工作以至于她没有听到有位顾客正在敲门。
hear sb.doing sth.听到或人正在做某事。
答案: B。