综合货运英语试题(简答题16题+答案+中文解释)

Short answer questions（简答题）
1. Please sketch the features of international multimodal transport.
（请简述国际多式联运的特征。

）
Answer:
The main features of international multimodal transport are in the following:
（国际多式联运的主要特征如下：）
(1) It uses only one contract, a multimodal transport contract (MTC);
（必须要有一份多式联运合同）
(2) It uses merely one document, a multimodal transport document (MTD);
（必须要有一份全程多式联运单据）
(3) It involves the carriage of goods by two or more modes of transport;
（必须是至少两种以上不同运输方式的连贯运输）
(4) It involves the carriage of goods between different countries;
（必须是国际之间的货物运输）
(5) It has one responsible party, multimodal transport operator (MTO) for the entire
carriage; （多式联运经营人全程单一负责制）
(6) It uses a flat rate for the entire transport. （实行全程单一的运费费率）
2. Please write out attentive elements as far as you can consider when
live animals are transported by chartered-flights. (No less than 6 elements.)
【活体动物包机运输需要考虑的因素（请列举6点以上）。

】
Answer:
(1) The size and weight of animals so as to choose suitable aircraft;
（动物的尺寸重量以便选择合适载量型号的飞机）
(2) Temperature requirements during transportation;
（动物运输过程中的温度要求）
(3) The suitable oxygen concentration for delivered animals;
（动物最适宜的供氧浓度）
(4) Specific arrival time of flight;
（航班到达机场的时间点）
(5) Enough seats for veterinarians;
（是否有随行兽医同行飞机上能否提供足够的座位）
(6) Valid and complete documents required by authorities of origin and
destination; （始发地目的地当局要求提供的文件是否备齐、是否在有效期内）(7) Appropriate arrival time for Customs clearance;
（起飞的时间点能否满足始发地清关要求）
(8) Loading and discharging capabilities of both origin and destination airports.
（两边机场的装卸能力是否能满足）
3. Please write out classifications of dangerous goods in brief.
（简述航空危险品的种类。

）
Answer:
There are 9 categories based on the hazardous nature or primary hazard of the dan gerous good.
Class 1: Explosives （第一类爆炸品）
Class 2: Gases ( Including flammable gases, non-flammable or non-toxic gases, toxic gases, etc.) 【第二类气体（包括易燃气体、非易燃无毒气体和毒性气体）】Class 3: Flammable liquids （第三类易燃液体）
Class 4: Flammable solids, substances liable to spontaneous combustion, substances which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases
（第四类易燃固体、自燃物质和遇水反应物质）
Class 5: Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides
（第五类氧化剂和有机过氧化物）
Class 6: Toxic and infectious substances （第六类有毒物质和传染性物质）
Class 7: Radioactive material （第七类放射性物质）
Class 8: Corrosives （第八类腐蚀性物质）
Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles, including environmentally hazardous substances.
（第九类杂项物质，包括危害环境物质）
4. Briefly describe the process for shipping pharmaceuticals.
（简述药品托运流程。

）
Answer:
Before consignment, provide the samples to the certifying agencies officially identified by Civil Aviation Administration of China（CAAC）. The goods that meet all air transportation requirements can be consigned. Original authentication report must be provided when delivering the consignment. Export license for psychotropic pharmaceuticals is needed if to export such kind of goods.
（药品托运前需提供样品经过民航总局认定的鉴定机构进行运输条件的鉴定，符合航空运
输条件的货物方能托运；在货物交运时提供正本的鉴定报告；如果涉及精神管制类药品还需提供精神药品出口许可证。

）
5. Which kinds of cargoes are allowed by the Customs that can be stored
in bonded warehouses?
（海关允许存放保税仓库的货物有几类？）
Answer:
There are three kinds of cargoes.
The first kinds are imported materials for processing trade (processing imported materials), to be processed into finished products for re-export.
The second kinds are imported goods for consignment business of foreign commodities, maintenance business of foreign products, business of duty-free foreign exchange commodities and for bounded capital goods market, which are all approved by competent foreign trade department.
The third kinds include goods in transit trade, deposit goods of foreign merchants, and necessary fuel, supplies and spare parts of vessel.
【有三类：一是供加工贸易(进、来料加工)加工成品复出口的进口料件；二是外经贸主管部门批准开展外国商品寄售业务、外国产品维修业务、外汇免税商品业务及保税生产资料市场的进口货物；三是转口贸易货物以及外商寄存货物以及国际航行船舶所需的燃料、物料和零配件等。

】
6. What is so-called “inside the territory while outside the customs”?
（什么是所谓“境内关外”？）
Answer:
It means to mark out a special area within our territory, supervised by the customs.
The goods come through the customs, and out from this area to the domestic companies is considered as import. And the goods of domestic companies go through the customs, and enter into this area is considered as export. This area is within our territory, supervised but out of the customs, so it ca n be called “inside the territory while outside the customs.”
（就是指在我国境内辟出一个由海关监管的专门区域，货物从这个区域通过海关关口进入国内企业就视同进口，而国内企业的货物通过海关关口进入这个区域就视同出口。

由于这个区域设在我国境内，又处在海关关口以外并受海关监管，所以称为“境内关外”。

）
7. What is the foreign exchange policy of free trade zone?
（综合保税区外汇政策有哪些？）
Answer:
(1) Not setting balance ceiling for the foreign exchange account for current account
transaction;
(2) Flexible billing options for pricing and settling;
(3) For goods going from the bonded area to overseas or vice versa, the inside-area
enterprise do not need to handle the foreign exchange verification procedures;
(4) Flexible ways for purchasing foreign exchange;
(5) Profit, dividend, and bonus can be remitted abroad.
【(1) 经常项目外汇账户限额无需核定；(2) 外汇收付结算方式灵活；(3) 综保区内企业与境外之间的进出境贸易项下的外汇收支，无需向外汇局办理收汇的核销手续；(4) 购汇方式灵活；(5) 利润、利息、红利可汇出境外。

】
8. When shortage, damage or other abnormal situations found after
cargo arrived at destination, to whom we should ask for the accident
record? If parts of the cargo damage have nothing to do with the transportation liability, which kind of certification should we ask for from the airline that the shipper can be used as one of the main documents to claim from the insurance company?
（空运货物到达目的港时，发现货物短缺、破损或其它异常情况，应向谁索要事故记录？如果部分货损不属运输责任，要求航空公司开哪种证明，货主据此可作为向保险公司索赔的主要文件之一？）
Answer:
(1) Ask for the records from the airline or the ground handling agents designated by
the airline.
(2) “Condition and Reason” certification
【(1) 向航空公司或航空公司指定的地面操作代理公司索要记录；
(2) “有条件、有理由”证明。

】
9. What kinds of hazardous materials CAMPING EQUIPMENT might
contain?
（野营用具可能含有哪些危险品？）
Answer:
It might contain flammable gases (butane, propane), flammable liquids (kerosene, petrol, etc.), flammable solids (matches) or other hazardous articles.
[可能还有易燃气体（丁烷、丙烷）、易燃液体（煤油、汽油等）、易燃固体（火柴）或其他危险品。

]
10. For what reasons shall the cargo be considered as undeliverable
when arrived at the destination 14 days later?
（货物到达目的站14日后，由于哪些原因，即被视为无法交付？）
Answer:
(1) The consignee on air waybill is not valid or the address is incorrect or unknown;
（货运单上所列地址无此收货人或收货人地址有误或不详）
(2) The consignee does no reply to the arrival notice or refuse to deliver;
（收货人对货物到达通知不予答复或拒绝提货）
(3) The consignee refuses to pay necessary payments;
（收货人拒绝应付的费用）
(4) Non-taking delivery of cargos caused by other reasons.
（其他原因造成的货物无人提取）
11. According to the function and flow of highway grade, how many
levels can it be divided? A nd what’s the corresponding headroom required？
（公路等级根据其功能和流量进行划分可以分几个等级？采用的净高是多少米？）Answer:
Highway grade can be divided into five levels: express ways, first class roads, second class roads, third class roads and fourth class roads. One highway should use same headroom. Usually on express ways, first class roads, second class roads, their headroom is 5.0 meters; and on third and fourth class roads, their headroom is 4.5 meters.
（公路等级可以划分为高速公路、一级公路、二级公路、三级公路、四级公路五个等级。

一条公路应采用一个净高，高速公路和一级、二级公路为5.0米，三级、四级公路为4.5米。

）
12. Please briefly expound the functions of the air waybill.
（请简述航空货运单的用途。

）
Answer:
The Air waybill is the most important document in air cargo transportation and the evidence of contract of air cargo transportation. It serves as not only customs declaration document, but also receipt and delivery of shipment.
（航空货运单是航空货物运输中最重要的文件，航空货物运输合同的证据。

它既是报关单，又是装运和交货收据。

）
13. Please briefly expound the functions of the international freight
forwarders.
（请简述国际货运代理人的作用。

）
Answer:
(1) Organization & Coordination for Cargo Transport; （组织并协调货物运输）
(2) Providers of Professional Business Services; （提供专业的运营服务）
(3) Communications & Information of Control of the Goods;
（提供控制货物的信息服务）
(4) Business Consultation and other services; （业务咨询和其他服务）
14. Please write out the “five-fix” train service in China’s rail container
transportation.
（请写出我国铁路集装箱运输中的“五定”班列形式。

）
Answer:
fixed time, fixed routing, fixed freight, fixed station, and fixed train number.
(定时间，定线路，定费率，定站点，定车次）
15. Please write out the full name and Chinese meaning of the following
abbreviations: TEU, FEU, GRI, HC, GP, SOC, FCL, LCL, CY, CFS, FCR, FCT, MTO, MTD, MTC, MBL, HBL, OBL, MAWB, HAWB, EMS, FAK, VAS, CLP, EDI and DG.
（请给出TEU、FEU、GRI、HC、GP、SOC、FCL、LCL、CY、CFS、FCR、FCT、MTO、MTD、MTC、MBL、HBL、OBL、MAWB、HAWB、EMS、FAK、VAS、CLP、EDI、DG等缩略词的英文全称与中文名称。

）
Answer:
TEU: Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit
【（货柜、集装箱）20英尺当量单位；20英尺集装箱换算单位；换算箱；标准箱】FEU: Forty-foot Equivalent Unit
【（货柜、集装箱）40英尺当量单位；40英尺集装箱换算单位】
GRI: General Rate Increase （一般性涨价）
HC: High Cube （超高箱）
GP: General Purpose (Container) （普箱；普柜）
SOC: Shipper Owned Container （货主自备箱）
FCL: Full Container Load （整箱货）
LCL: Less than Container Load （拼箱货）
CY: Container Yard （集装箱堆场）
CFS: Container Freight Station （集装箱货运站）
FCR: Forwarder’s Certificate of Receipt （货运代理收货证明；货代收货凭证）
FCT: Forwarder’s Certificate of Transport （货运代理运输证明；货代运输凭证）
MTO: Multimodal Transport Operator （多式联运人）
MTD: Multimodal Transport Document （多式联运单据）
MTC: Multimodal Transport Contract （多式联运合同）
MBL: Master Bill of Lading （海运主提单）
HBL: House Bill of Lading （海运分提单）
OBL: Original Bill of Lading （正本海运提单）
MAWB: Master Air Waybill （航空主运单）
HAWB: House Air Waybill （航空分运单）
EMS: Express Mail Service （邮政特快专递服务）
FAK: Freight All Kinds （均一费率）
VAS: Value-added Services （增值服务；增值业务）
CLP: Container Load Plan （集装箱装箱单）
EDI: Electronic Data Interchange （电子数据交换）
DG: Dangerous Goods （危险品；危货）
16. The following are documents commonly used in freight forwarding
industry, which can be grouped into 3 types: Official documents, commercial documents and freight documents. Please put the corresponding numbers into the brackets each document belongs to, and put each document into Chinese.
(1) import licence / export licence
(2) commercial invoice
(3) mate’s receipt
(4) bill of exchange or draft
(5) FCR
(6) shipper’s letter of instruction
(7) Customs declaration form
(8) debit note
(9) credit note
(10) shipping order
(11) packing list
(12) export tax rebate form
(13) bill of lading
(14) letter of credit
(15) insurance policy
(16) container load plan
Official documents: ( ) Commercial documents: ( ) Freight documents: ( )
Answer:
Official documents:(1, 7, 12)
Commercial documents: (2, 4, 8, 9, 11, 14, 15)
Freight documents: (3, 5, 6, 10, 13, 16)
(1) import licence / export licence 进口许可证/ 出口许可证
(2) commercial invoice 商业发票
(3) mate’s receipt大副收据；收货单
(4) bill of exchange or draft 汇票
(5) FCR 货运代理收货证明；货运代理收货凭证
(6) shipper’s letter of instruction出口货物托运委托书
(7) Customs declaration form 报关单
(8) debit note 借记通知单；借记证明
(9) credit note 贷记通知单；贷记证明
(10) shipping order 装货单；下货纸
(11) packing list 装箱单
(12) export tax rebate form 出口退税单
(13) bill of lading 海运提单
(14) letter of credit 信用证
(15) insurance policy 保险单
(16) container load plan 集装箱装箱单。