(第十部分 财会英语)专题二(审计)

（第十部分财会英语）专题二（审计）
一、案例分析题
1、ABC会计师事务所承接甲公司2012年度财务报表审计业务，其业务的性质和经营规模与其常年审计客户乙公司相类似，ABC会计师事务所在制定总体审计策略和具体审计计划时，作出下列判断：（1）由于甲公司与常年审计客户乙公司业务性质和规模相似，因此确定的重要性水平与乙公司相同。

（2）初步了解2012年度甲公司及其环境未发生重大变化，拟信赖以往审计中对管理层、治理层诚信形成的判断。

（3）制定完成审计计划后，应按照计划执行审计程序，不能够改变计划。

（4）因对甲公司内部审计人员的客观性和专业胜任能力存有疑虑，拟不利用内部审计的工作。

（5）因甲公司存货存放于外省市，监盘成本较高，拟不进行监盘，直接实施替代审计程序。

（6）如对计划的重要性水平作出修正，拟通过修改计划实施的实质性程序的性质、时间安排和范围降低重大错报风险。

<1> 、Requirements:
If you are the engagement partner of ABC Accounting Firm, briefly analyze whether above events have any inappropriateness or not as to the information provided above, if any, briefly states reasons.
2、ABC会计师事务所接受委托审计甲公司2012年度财务报表，在对甲公司及其环境进行了解时，注意到如下事项：
（1）对于用于公共基础建设的液晶显示屏和无线通信设备，甲公司负责将该设备运送到目的地并安装调试，待验收合格后签署验收单，甲公司根据该验收单确认销售收入。

由于竞争激烈，甲公司对其生产的上述设备新增了其他功能，并规定自2012年起对向公共设施建设项目提供的产品给予3个月的免费试用期，在试用期结束后签署设备验收单，因为该项规定，甲公司2012年年末发出商品科目余额比上年同期增长20万元。

（2）2012年年初，甲公司在20个城市增设了销售机构，使销售机构数量增加到115个，销售人员数量比2011年年末增加22%，销售机构租金及销售人员薪酬比2011年增加了50%。

（3）针对智能手机存在的社会普及性，2012年初甲公司针对智能手机产品举办为期6个月的促销活动。

根据甲公司制定的相关政策，财务部门需根据市场部门上报的经批准的促销活动预算按月预提促销费。

（4）为了改善销售业绩，提升市场占有率，甲公司在2012年下半年放宽了授信额度来增加销售收入，同时还延长了收款的时间。

2012年应收账款期末余额较2011年增加了1 300万元，坏账准备的账面余额较2011年下降了25万元。

（5）2012年甲公司为研发节能公共基础建设的液晶显示屏投入了较多经费。

同时在2012下半年，甲公司拟进行高新技术企业的申请。

（6）甲公司的存货占其资产总额的比重较大。

对于其存货的核算，甲公司采用实际成本计价。

购入并已验收入库原材料、库存商品按照实际成本入账，入库产成品（自制半成品）按实际生产成本核算；发出原材料、产成品（自制半成品）、库存商品采用加权平均法。

2012年，由于原材料价格持续上涨，甲公司出于利润的考虑，改变了存货的计价方法，即采用先进先出法核算。

<1> 、Requirement:
If you are the partner of this audit project, as to the above events (1) to (6), assuming any other conditions are not taken into consideration, identify material misstatement risk at assertion level one by one and point out affected items and assertions of financial statement then design further substantive procedures one by one.
答案部分
一、案例分析题
1、
<1>、
There is inappropriateness in circumstance (1). Determination of materiality level is made based on specific environment, same materiality level cannot be used because of similar nature and scale of business.
There is inappropriateness circumstance (2). CPA shall not directly trust integrity of management and those charged with governance based on that there is no significant change of Jia Company and its environment, CPA shall consider integrity of management and those charged with governance based on strategy, target and current year specific circumstances of audited company. There is inappropriateness in circumstance (3). Planning audit is not an isolated stage while it is a continuous modification process throughout the audit.
There is not inappropriateness in circumstance (4).
There is inappropriateness in circumstance (5). Except supervision procedure cannot be performed, CPA shall perform supervision of count as to inventory. CPA shall not reduce necessary audit procedures due to time, cost and other reasons.
There is inappropriateness in circumstance (6). Material misstatement risk objectively exists, it cannot be reduced via amending nature, timing management and scope of substantive procedures which are planned to be performed.
要求：假如你是该事务所的项目合伙人，针对上述给出的信息，请简要分析上述事项是否存在不当之处，如存在请简要说明理由。

第（1）项存在不当之处。

重要性的确定是根据具体环境作出的，不能仅根据两个公司的业务性质和规模相似，而使用相同的重要性水平。

第（2）项存在不当之处。

注册会计师不能仅仅根据甲公司及其环境没有发生重大变化而直接信赖管理层、治理层的诚信，注册会计师还应该考虑被审计单位相关的战略、目标等的影响以及本年度的具体情况来考虑管理层、治理层的诚信问题。

第（3）项存在不当之处。

计划审计工作不是孤立的阶段，而是一个持续不断修正的过程，贯穿于审计业务的始终。

第（4）项无不当之处。

第（5）项存在不当之处。

除非监盘程序不可行，否则注册会计师应对存货实施监盘程序。

注册会计师不能由于时间、成本等原因，减少必要的审计程序。

第（6）项存在不当之处。

重大错报风险是客观存在的，不可以通过修改计划实施的实质性程序的性质、时间安排和范围予以降低。

2、
<1>、
(1) Event 1 has material misstatement risk at assertion level. Since 2012, Jia Company stipulates that products which are used for public infrastructure are offered 3 months free trial period, acceptance certification is signed at the end of free trial period, which extends 3 months revenue recognition time. However, the balance of goods shipped in transit account of audited company in 2012 is 20 ten thousand Yuan more than that in previous year, there is a risk of recognizing revenue in advance. Mainly affected statement items and assertions are: business
revenue/occurrence, inventory/completeness, account receivable/existence.
Further substantive procedures which are designed to perform are:
① Spot checking business revenue which is recognized around balance sheet date, checking information on customer using equipment, checking to confirm whether sales revenue recognition period is same as period of acceptance certification or not.
② Performing conformation procedures as to account receivables, selecting main customers to conclude conformation, checking whether there is any outstanding amount which is not recognized until cut-off report date.
③ Conducting supervision of inventory count on balance sheet date, including equipment within free trial period. If supervision of inventory count cannot be performed, conformation on amount and status of inventory should be made to the third party which holds the inventory of audited company.
(2) Event 2 has material misstatement risk at assertion level. At the beginning of 2012, the volume of sales organizations increases to 115, salesmen increase by 22% compared with that at the end of 2011, but rental of sales organization and remuneration of salesmen increase by 50% compared with 2011, there is risk of recording more sales expense. Mainly affected statement items and assertions are: sales expense/occurrence and accuracy.
Further substantive procedures which are designed to perform are:① Obtaining 20 office lease contracts of newly set organization, and with consideration of prior years other organizations rental expenditure, estimating current years rental, checking whether there is more transferred sales expense and factitiously adjusting profit or not.
② Checking whether the remuneration of salesmen is compliance with rules or not, checking whether recording based on rules or not.
(3) Event 3 has material misstatement risk at assertion level. Finance department of Jia Company withholds promotion expense based on approved promotion activities budget submitted by marketing department, risks that promotion expense which is withheld according to budget is not accurate or more or less promotion expense is withheld because of factitiously adjusting profit. Mainly affected statement items and assertions are: sales expense/accuracy, other account payable/ valuation and allocation.
Further substantive procedures which are designed to perform are::
① Obtaining sales expense ledger after period, checking whether relevant adjustment events related to sales expenditure of 2012 exist or not.
② Checking payment of promotion expense withheld in other account payable.
③ Checking budget information of promotion activity submitted by marketing department, checking whether any outstanding other payable exists or not.
(4) Event 4 has material misstatement risk at assertion level. In 2012, account receivable increases greatly but corresponding bad debt provision decreases, due to increasing line of credit, the risk of bad debt occurrence is high, bad debt provision exists risk of under estimate. Main affected statement items and assertions are: account receivable/ valuation and allocation, assets impairment loss/completeness and accuracy.
Further substantive procedures which are designed to perform are:
Obtaining account receivable aging analysis statement to test the accuracy of calculation, checking sales invoice, delivery record and other original vouchers, to test the accuracy of aging calculation, evaluating the adequacy of bad debt provision withheld.
(5) Event 5 has material misstatement risk at assertion level. Although a lot of money is invested to develop energy-efficient LCD which is used for public infrastructure, there may be risk of exaggerating research and development expense for getting qualification of new high tech enterprise. Mainly affected statement items and assertions are: administrative
expense/occurrence, classification, developing expenditure/existence, intangible assets/existence. Further substantive procedures which are designed to perform are:
① Checking subsidiary ledger of developing and research expense, spot checking original vouchers of R&D expense, confirming whether they have relation with R&D project or not and it really occurs or not.
② Understanding progress of R&D project from relevant technicians.
③ Checking documents about feasibility report and R&D project budget prepared by management.
④ Checking whether expenditure classification of research stage and development stage is right or not.
(6) Event 6 has material misstatement risk at assertion level. Jia Company changes costing method of inventory due to taking profit into consideration. Low cost items are firstly carried forward when applying FIFO, which leads to that =cost of carrying forward when applying FIFO is lower than that using weighted average method. Mainly affected statement items and assertions are: inventory/ valuation and allocation, business cost/accuracy.
Further substantive procedures which are designed to perform are:
① Performing inventory valuation test, making valuation test as to the delivery of part of finished goods (carry forward cost of goods sold), preparing testing statement.
② Obtaining inventory valuation test statement and performing valuation test as to information system which is relied by valuation statement.
要求：假如你是该审计项目的项目合伙人，针对上述（1）至（6）项，假定不考虑其他条件，逐项识别认定层次的重大错报风险，指出所影响的财务报表项目和认定，并相应逐项设计进一步的实质性程序。

（1）事项1存在认定层次重大错报风险。

甲公司自2012年起对向公共设施建设项目提供的产品给予3个月的免费试用期，在试用期结束后签署验收单，这样就延长了3个月的确认收入时间。

而被审计单位在2012年末发出商品科目余额仅比上年同期增长20万元，存在提前确认收入的风险。

主要影响的报表项目及认定分别为：营业收入/发生、存货/完整性、应收账款/存在。

设计实施的进一步实质性程序为：
①抽查资产负债表日前后已确认的营业收入，检查客户使用设备的信息资料，核对确认销售收入的期间与客户签收验收单的期间是否一致。

②对应收账款实施函证程序，选择主要客户进行函证，检查有无截止报告日尚未取得对方认可的销售额。

③对资产负债表日的存货实施监盘，包括处于试用期的设备。

如果无法实施监盘，可向持有被审计单位存货的第三方函证存货的数量和状况。

（2）事项2存在认定层次的重大错报风险。

2012年年初，甲公司销售机构数量增加到115个，销售人员数量比2011末增加22%，但销售机构租金及销售人员薪酬较2011年增加了50%，存在多记销售费用的风险。

主要影响的报表项目及认定分别为：销售费用/发生、准确性。

设计实施的进一步实质性程序为：
①取得20个新设销售机构的办公室租赁合同，连同以前年度其他销售机构租金费用的支出情况，估算本年度的租金费用，查明有无多转销售费用，以及人为调节利润的情况。

②检查销售人员薪酬的开支标准是否符合有关规定，查明其是否按照标准列支。

（3）事项3存在认定层次的重大错报风险。

甲公司财务部按照市场部门上报的经批准的促销活动预算预提相关的促销费，可能存在按预算计提促销费计量不准确或人为调节利润造成多提或少提促销费用的风险。

主要影响的报表项目及认定分别为：销售费用/准确性、其他应付款/计价和分摊。

设计实施的进一步实质性程序为：
①获取期后销售费用明细账，检查是否存在与2012年度销售费用相关的调整事项。

②检查其他应付款中预提促销费用的日后付款情况。

③查阅市场部上报的促销活动预算资料，检查有无未入账的其他应付款。

（4）事项4存在认定层次的重大错报风险。

2012年的应收账款得到了大幅度的提高，但相应的坏账准备却有所减少，由于提高了授信额度，发生坏账的风险本身就高，因此，坏账准备可能存在着被人为低估的风险。

主要影响的报表项目及认定分别为：应收账款/计价和分摊、资产减值损失/完整性、准确性。

设计实施的进一步实质性程序为：
获取应收账款账龄分析表测试计算的准确性，检查销售发票、运输记录等原始凭证测试账龄核算的准确性，评价坏账准备计提的适当性。

（5）事项5存在认定层次的重大错报风险。

虽然为研发节能公共基础建设的液晶显示屏投入了较多经费，但为了取得高新技术企业资格认定，可能存在夸大研发费用的风险。

主要影响的报表项目及认定分别为：管理费用／发生、分类、开发支出／存在、无形资产／存在。

设计实施的进一步实质性程序为：
①检查研发支出的明细账，抽查研发费用的原始凭证，确定是否与研发项目相关、费用是否真实发生。

②向有关技术人员了解各项研发项目的进展。

③检查管理层编制的有关可行性报告和研发项目预算等文件资料。

④检查管理层对研发支出在研究阶段和开发阶段的划分是否正确。

（6）事项6存在认定层次的重大错报风险。

甲公司出于利润的考虑，改变了存货的计价方法，采用先进先出法核算时成本低的项目先结转，造成按照先进先出法计价比按照加权平均法计价少结转成本。

主要影响的报表项目及认定分别为：存货／计价和分摊、营业成本／准确性。

设计实施的进一步实质性程序为：
①实施存货计价测试，按照加权平均法对部分库存商品的发出（结转销售成本）进行计价测试，编制测试表。

②获取存货计价测算表，并对该测算表依赖的信息系统进行计价测算。