class (4)

Garden of Eden
Satan
Adam
Eve
The scaffold scenes
1st- Hester is being questioned about the identity of the father of her child 2nd- Dimmesdale is standing on top of the scaffold alone in the middle of the night 3rd- Dimmesdale walks to the steps of the scaffold in front of the whole town after his Election day sermon
2. Hawthorne is significant for his themes.
the consequences of pride, selfishness, and secret guilt; the conflict between lighthearted and somber attitudes toward life; the impingement of past (esp. the Puritan past) upon the present;
Chapter Four
Nathaniel Hawthorne ( 1804 – 1864) 1.Born in Salem, Massachusetts and studied at Bowdoin College. 2.The Scarlet Letter (1850) brought him recognition as a major literary figure.
– has fairly a right to present that truth under circumstances…of the writer’s own choosing or creation…he may so manage his atmospherical medium as to bring out or mellow the lights and deepen and enrich the shadows of the picture.
Hawthorne’s significance as a writer
1. Hawthorne is significant as a
romantic writer. — He used the New England (Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut) regional past as subject and setting for his stories. — He showed great concern about the American past.
Functions of Scaffold scene
reunites the main characters of the novel how each illustrates the immediate, delayed, and prolonged effects that the sin of adultery has on the main characters. (sin & punishment) - Hester - Dimmesdale - Chillingworth - Pear
The letter ―A‖ symbolic meaning
Text study: The Scarlet Letter
Adultery: a token of shame Angel : self-sacrificing sympathy and help to villagers
Able/Admiration : spiritual source for other women
symbol
An act, a person, a thing or a spectacle that stands for sth else, usually sth less palpable than the named symbol. The relationship between the symbol and its referent is not often one of simple equivalence. Allegorical symbols usually express a neater equivalence with what they stand for than the symbols found in modern fiction.
3. Hawthorne is significant for his style. - Hawthorne wrote romance because he thought it the predestined form of American narrative. - Hawthorne used symbols and setting to reveal the psychology of the characters, for example, masks, veils, shadows, emblems to give
- Hawthorne wrote stories with narrative interest, ease in transition, coherence, and complexity. - Hawthorne’s style is soft, flowing, and almost feminine. His touch is light, but his observation is somber. - Hawthorne used ambiguity to keep the reader in a world of uncertainty. Important questions are never fully
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He was interested in legends, in the remote, and in things that were clouded and obscure because of the passage of time. — His story displays a psychological insight into moral isolation and human emotion. — He was the first major novelist to wed morality to art, to combine high
Questions to ponder
– From the text, what are the attitudes the women showed to the punishment of Hester Prynne? – What Puritan perceptions are displayed through people’s attitude? – Do you agree with Hester’s people that she should be punished? – In his description, do you think Hawthorne shows his sympathy to Hester Prynne? How? And why?
the futility of comprehensive social reforms; the impossibility of eradicating sin from the human heart; alienation and solitude; nature and natural impulses; unconscious fantasy and dream.
Literary term
Romance Prose fiction that is conceived in terms of the fanciful and idealistic, rather than in terms of observation and faithful description of fact. A romance, on the other hand, while it must keep