广饶县高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解(暑假)系列练习(1) 试题

心尺引州丑巴孔市中潭学校广饶县2021高考英语阅读理解暑
假系列练习〔1〕
2021高考英语----阅读理解训练。

阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C、D〕中，选出最正确选项。

Since I started working part-time at a grocery store, I have learned that a customer is more than someone who buys things. To me, a customer is a person whose memory fails entirely once he or she starts to push a shopping cart(车). One of the first things customers forget is how to count. There is no other way to explain how so many people get in their express line, which is clearly marked 15 items(件) or less, with 20, 25 or even a cart load of items. Customers also forget why they came to the store in the first place. Just as I finish ringing up an order, a customer will say, “ Oops, I forgot to pick up a fresh loaf of bread. I hope you don’t mind waiting, while I go to get it.〞Five minutes later, he’s back with the bread, a bottle of milk, and three rolls of paper towels. What is stranger is that customers also seem to forget that they have to pay for their groceries. Instead of writing a check or looking for a credit card while I am ringing up the groceries, a customer will wait until I announce the total. Then, in surprise, she says , “ Oh no, what did I do with my check book?〞 After 5 minutes of digging through her purse, she borrows my pen because she has forgotten hers. But I have to tolerate customers because they pay my salary, and that’s something I can’t afford to forget.
1. What does the author say about his customers?
A .They can not count numbers.
B. They sometimes jump the queue.
C. They don’t know how to express themselves.
D. They behave as if their memories had totally failed.
2. According to the text, who are supposed to be in the express line?
A Customers with nothing purchased.
B. Customers with not more than 15 items.
C. Customers with items between 15 and 25
3. When customers arrive at the check-out counter,they_______
A. find their pens lost
B. go back and get more items
C. can not wait to pay for their groceries.
D. prefer paying by check to paying with a credit card.
4. We can infer from the text that ________
A. business in the grocery store runs well
B. the author finds his present job full of fun
C. the author’s part-time job calls for patience
D. customers go to grocery stores without planning.
参考答案1~4 DBBC
【2021】阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C、D〕中，选出最正确选项。

A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40，000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle－aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they
feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade，〞 wrote Frieder R．Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen－Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evalu ations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施)，〞 the authors wrote.
Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic，〞 the authors concluded.
67．According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A．Optimistic adults.
B．Middle－aged adults.
C．Adults in poor health.
D．Adults of lower income.
68．Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ________．
A．to fully enjoy their present life
B．to estimate their contribution accurately
C．to take measures against potential risks
D．to value health more highly than wealth
69．How do people of higher income see their future?
A．They will earn less money.
B．They will become pessimistic.
C．They will suffer mental illness.
D．They will have less time to enjoy life.
70．What is the clear conclusion of the study?
A．Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B．Good financial condition leads to good health.
C．Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D．Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
【要点综述】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述对未来过于乐观的人将面对残疾或死亡的巨大危险。

在研究中，研究人员发现，年轻人对未来过于乐观，中年人对未来的预测很准确，而老年人相对低估。

随着年龄的增长，人们对未来的预测越来越现实。

67．B 细节理解题。

根据第四段中的“…while mid dle－aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.〞知，中年人对未来预测得更准确。

故B正确。

68．C 细节理解题。

根据第六段中的“…people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions …〞知，对未来悲观的人可能在行动时更小心、更谨慎。

句中的be more careful about与take measures against potential risks一致。

故C正确。

69．A 细节理解题。

根据第八段中的“…respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with
expecting a greater decline.〞知，身体好、收入高的人认为，他们的收入在未来将会下降，即挣的钱少了。

故A正确。

70．D 推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的内容可知，研究人员认为有一点很清楚：从少年到成年，每个人都在调整自己对未来生活的满意度，从乐观，到适度到悲观。

故D正确。

【2021】阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C、D〕中，选出最正确选项。

If a diver surfaces too quickly，he may suffer the bends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.The consequence，if the bubbles(气泡)accumulate in a joint，is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.If the bubbles form in his lungs or his brain，the consequence can be death.
Other air－breathing animals also suffer this decompression (减压) sickness if they surface too fast：whales, for example.And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs.That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones.If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply.This kills the cells in the bone，and consequently weakens it，sometimes to the point of collapse.Fossil(化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past.What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years.To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world's natural－history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead，he was astonished to discover the opposite.More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died，but not a single Triassic specimen(标本)showed evidence of that sort of injury.
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti－decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards.But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened.He suspects it was evolution in other
animals that caused the change.
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食动物)such as a large shark.One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles，both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches.Triassic oceans，by contrast，were mercifully shark－ and crocodile－free.In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain.In the Jurassic and Cretaceous，they were prey(猎物)as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.
61．Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?
A．A twisted body.
B．A gradual decrease in blood supply.
C．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood.
D．A drop in blood pressure.
62．The purpose of Rothschild's study is to see ________．
A．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends
B．how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression
C．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies
D．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones
63．Rothschild's finding stated in Paragraph 4 ________．
A．confirmed his assumption
B．speeded up his research process
C．disagreed with his assumption
D．changed his research objectives
64．Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs ________.
A．failed to evolve an anti－decompression means
B．gradually developed measures against the bends
C．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles
D．evolved an anti－decompression means but soon lost it
【要点综述】本篇为科普说明文，讲述鱼龙患减压病的原因和后果。

Dr Rothschild通过实验推翻了关于鱼龙进化的一些猜测。

61．A 细节理解题。

根据the bends可定位到首段。

由“The consequence…is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name.〞可知答案，a bent body和a twisted body是同义转换。

由第二句的“Nitrogen dissolved in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure.〞可知，这是说the bends的形成原因，故C、D项错，而B项文章没有提及。

62．B 推理判断题。

题干中的关键词是Rothschild's study，由此可定位到第三段的前两句。

根据“…to find out how widespread the problem was in the past…to investigate wa s how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression…〞可知答案为B。

63．C 推理判断题。

根据第四段“…he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression.Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite.〞可知，Rothschild的假设结论与在研究过程中得出的结果是相反的，应选C项。

64．A 推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段可知，Rothschild认为鱼龙在进化过程中反减压方式进化失败，应选A项。

社会生活类
Spring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing, our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.
A high school newspaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身) , nose rings, or certain dre ss styles. It is true you can’t judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover〞 themselves in order to convey (传递) certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expression of who
we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances, so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept. Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but for businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees (雇员) , because those people represent the companies to their customers.
As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our customers. There are plenty of well- qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open- minded, I can’t expect all our customers are.
There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer. No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply because he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.
1. Which of the fo llowing is the newspaper editor’s opinion according to Paragraph 2?
A. People’s appearances carry messages about themselves.
B. Customers’choices influence dress standards in companies.
C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.
D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.
2. What can be inferred from the text?
A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.
B. What to wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.
C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.
D. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.
3. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Employees Matter
B. Personal Choices Matter
C. Appearances Matter
D. Hiring Managers Matter
4. The author’s attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as.
A. enthusiastic
B. negative
C. positive
D. sympathetic
【参考答案】45.CBCB。