在职攻读硕士联考英语-14_真题(含答案与解析)-交互

在职攻读硕士联考英语-14
(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)
Part Ⅰ Dialogue Communication
Section A Dialogue Completion
Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue.
1.
Speaker A: I'd like to exchange these jeans please.Speaker B: ______ SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A What's wrong? Are they the wrong size?
B But how can you prove that you have bought them here?
C I'm afraid it's not our policy to exchange goods once they are sold out.
D Sorry, I don't like to exchange my jeans with yours.
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1
答案:A
由A方的话“我想换这条牛仔裤”可知，这一对话发生在商店，B方是售货
员。

A项的两个问题与这一特定的对话情景相符合，是正确答案。

B、C两项显得很不礼貌，D项不符合这一对话场合。

2.
Speaker A: Excuse me, Mr. Brown, but can I speak to you for a moment?Speaker B: ______
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A Sorry, what would you like to speak to me about?
B Well, I'm afraid we have to find some other time. I'm fully occupied now.
C Yes, can you wait until the meeting is over?
D It's a pleasure. Will you sit down?
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1
答案:B
A方请求与B方说话，B方婉转地拒绝了这一请求，并说明了原因，符合英语交际的惯例。

A项和C项前后矛盾，D项前半部分It's a pleasure(我很高兴)是答谢语，用在此处不对。

3.
Speaker A: That was a great dinner. Thanks a lot. You'll have to come to our place sometime.Speaker B: ______
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A I'm really very sorry. You see, I haven't prepared anything delicious for you.
B Come again whenever it is convenient to you, won't you?
C Why do you have to leave in a hurry? Do you have anything urgent to do?
D I'm glad you enjoyed it. Hope to see you again soon.
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1
答案:D
A方感谢B方准备了丰盛的晚餐，并邀请B方某个时间也上他家去。

D项前一部分为答谢，后一部分对A方的邀请也做出了反应，所以D是正确答案。

A、B、C 项都是中国文化中类似场景下的交际惯例，故都不恰当。

4.
Speaker A: I think studying math at school is a waste of time. Who needs it?Speaker B: ______
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A That's a good idea. I don't like math at all.
B Yes, I think students only need to study for a few years.
C I see what you mean. Very few students will become mathematicians in the future.
D But don't you think math is something that everyone needs to know?
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1
答案:D
A方在表达对数学的看法，需要B方就这一话题内容发表看法。

A项和C项前半部分都与A方的语义不一致，B项后半部分与A的话不一致。

D项用反问句表明B方与A方意见不一致，是正确答案。

5.
Speaker A: Hello. Is that Mr. Johnson?Speaker B: ______
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A Yes, I am.
B Sorry, I'm not Mr. Johnson. I'm his son.
C Yes, speaking.
D Yes, but who are you?
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 1
答案:C
A方的话明确显示这是打电话的情景，A方问：“你好，你是约翰先生吗?”C 项“是的，我就是”是正确答案。

A、B、D项都是汉语式的表达。

Section B Dialogue Comprehension
Directions: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations
between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D.
6.
Man: Did you see Martha just now? I want to ask her to go with us to the concert tonight.Woman: She must be around somewhere. You may
still be able to catch her.Question: What does the woman mean?
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A She knows where Martha has gone.
B Martha will go to the concert by herself.
C It is quite possible for the man to find Martha.
D The man is going to meet Martha at the concert.
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:C
女方告诉男方Martha一定会在附近，可能还能找到她，这与C的内容一致。

7.
Man: I'd like to sign up for some voluntary work with the environment council. I hear it's a great way to connect with **munity.Woman: It sure is, but you'll have to put in a lot of hours. So you must leave some room in scheduling your time.Question: What does the woman imply?
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A Voluntary work can help the man establish connections with
**munity.
B The man's voluntary work has left him little room in his schedule.
C Voluntary work with the environment council requires a **mitment.
D A lot of people have signed up for voluntary work with the environment council.
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:C
男方说他想报名参加环境委员会的志愿工作，女方告诉他这项工作要投入很多时间，男方需要安排好时间，这与C的内容相吻合。

8.
Woman: I can't bear the air pollution in this city any more. It's getting worse and worse.Man: You said it. We've never had so many factories before.Question: What does the man mean?
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A The air pollution is caused by the development of industry.
B The city was poor because there wasn't much industry then.
C The woman's exaggerating the seriousness of the pollution.
D He might move to another city very soon.
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:A
对于女方提到的空气污染越来越严重的情况，男方回答说：“千真万确，以前这里可从没有那么多工厂”，暗示空气污染与建立越来越多的工厂有关，这与A的内容吻合。

9.
Man: Just think I went through so much work on my paper only to get a Ｃ.Woman: Well, I don't think grades are everything. What you've learned in the process will prove useful in your future
work.Question: What does the woman imply?
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A The man should work harder to improve his grades.
B The man will benefit from the effort he's put in.
C It serves the man right to get a poor grade.
D It was unfair of the teacher to give the man a Ｃ.
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:B
男方对自己的论文得C很不满意，女方安慰他说：“成绩不是一切，整个过程中学到的东西会证明对你将来的工作有用”，暗示男方的努力不会白费，将来他会获益。

与B的内容吻合。

10.
Man: My brother is coming this weekend, and I was thinking the three of us could go out to dinner Saturday night. Any suggestions?Woman: It's up to you. I don't know the restaurants here that well.Question: What does the woman mean?
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A She can make a reservation at the restaurant.
B The man should decide where to eat.
C She already has plans for Saturday night.
D The man should ask his brother for suggestions.
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:B
男方请女方建议上哪家餐厅吃饭好，女方回答说：“这由你决定，我对这里的餐厅不熟悉”，这与B的内容一致。

Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that **pletes the sentence.
11.
______ that many animals seem to be highly sensitive to various signals associated with earthquakes, the basic question remains of how this behavior can be put to use in earthquake prediction.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A Granted
B Provided
C Considering
D Assuming
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:A
四个选项都是来自分词的连接词。

Granted“即使；就算是”，引导让步从句；Provided“只要”，引导条件从句；Consider ing“鉴于，考虑到”，引导原因从句；Assuming“假如”，引导条件从句。

本句意为：“就算是很多动物似乎对与地震相关的各种信号高度敏感，但基本的问题仍然是如何将动物的行为用于地震预测”。

按句子意思应选Granted。

12.
Tests have proved that caffeine affects the body by increasing the heart rate and rhythm, which ______ affects the circulatory system.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A in the long run
B in turn
C in return
D as a result
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:B
in turn“反过来”；in the long run“从长远观点看”；as a result“结果”；in return“作为回报”。

本句讲的是咖啡因使心率加快，而心率加快又会影响循环系统，谈论“心率和循环系统的关系及相互作用”，不仅仅是结果，所以B是最佳选择。

13.
The ______ talks between China and the United States were the base of the later agreement.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A original
B primary
C initial
D primitive
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:C
initial: beginning“最初的”；original: first, earliest“最早的，最先的”；primary: leading in time order or development“在时间顺序或发展上领先的(第一的、基本的、主要的)”；primitive: of an early stage of social development“原始的”。

14.
Having spent two days on one subject and ______ two days on the other subject, I am now ready for the exam.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A other
B next
C those
D another
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:D
another在本句中是形容词，意为“再一，另一”，如：Don't lose heart. Have another try. 别灰心，再试试。

in another ten days“再过10天”。

15.
Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of ______, enabling the driver to move around freely.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A traveling
B movement
C mobility
D freedom
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:C
mobility: able to be moved easily“随时可以移动”；traveling“旅行；移动”，本句指“可移动性”，故traveling不甚准确；movement“移动，运动”；freedom“自由”，与句中后半部分的freely重复，也不合适。

所以C
为最佳选择。

16.
The ______ temperature of a human body, no matter in what part of the world he lives, is about 26.8℃.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A common
B average
C regular
D normal
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:D
normal“正常的，标准的”；common“常见的，普通的”；average“一般的，平均的”；regular“正规的”。

试比较：normal temperature“正常体温”；normal working hours“正常的工作时间”；normal pheno mena“正常现象”；above (below) normal“标准之上(之下)”。

common people (sense,
saying, mistakes)“老百姓(常识、俗语、常见的错误)”。

average man“普通人”(指智力、能力、地位一般的人)；articles of average quality“大路货”；average rainfall for July“7月平均降雨量”；
above(below)average“一般水平以上(以下)”；regular students(work,
w ar)“正式学员(固定工作、正规战争)”。

17.
I wish that he hadn't had such a bad cold because I am sure that he ______ the performance,
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A would enjoy
B must have enjoyed
C would have enjoyed
D will enjoy
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:C
这是一个虚拟语气句，含义为：“……我相信，如果他不患重感冒的话，是会欣赏那场演出的”。

事实上由于重感冒他欣赏演出受到影响，所以应用would have enjoyed表示与事实相反的假设。

must have enjoyed表示对已发生的情况做肯定的推测，与句义不符。

18.
______ where the foreign-born Americans make peace with their new culture, they will likely watch their children turn into Americans.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A In place of
B In memory of
C Regardless of
D In honor of
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:C
Regardless of“无论，不管”；In memory of“为了纪念……”；In place of“代替”；In honor of“为纪念；为向……表示敬意”。

句意为：“外籍美国人，不管生活在什么文化环境中，都注意把孩子培养成美国人。

”
19.
Her answer is not acceptable, and ______.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A neither am I
B either is mine
C neither is mine
D mine is either
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:C
neither is mine相当于my answer is not acceptable either。

mine指my answer, neither用于前半部分为否定结构的句子。

either与not连用，D项
如果改成mine is not either也是对的。

20.
Although he really did not want to open the mysterious drawer again, his curiosity ______ him to take one last look.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A compelled
B attracted
C aroused
D stimulated
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:A
compel“迫使，驱使”；attract“吸引”，我们说sth. attract one's curiosity“……引起某人好奇”，不说curiosity attracts; arouse“唤起”，在用法上与attract具有相同结构；stimulate“刺激；激发”，用在句中无论从语法上还是从语义上都不合适。

21.
Stamp collection has long been recognized as having an educational value. There is every reason to encourage young people to take an interest in them, thereby ______ to their knowledge of geography and history.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A to add
B adding
C added
D adds
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:B
thereby“因此”，接分词短语表示结果。

thus, hence, therefore都有同样
的接续用法。

22.
Children going to school must have a chance to ______ excess physical energy; children even more than adults require and enjoy physical exercise and games of all kinds.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A work off
B let off
C play off
D put off
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:A
work off“排除，消除”，如：He usually works off his drowsiness by taking a brisk walk. 他经常用轻快的散步来消除瞌睡。

let off。

“放(炮)；免除(责任、任务)”；play off“假装；冒充；再赛以决定胜负”；put off“推迟”。

23.
______ all the possible disasters mentioned, the one promoting most discussions was a major release of radioactivity from a nuclear power station.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A Among
B Of
C For
D About
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:B
此题的测试点是介词。

of all“在所有的……当中”，经常与形容词或副词最高级在一起连用，不说among all，考生一定要注意与汉语在表达上的区别。

例如：Of all the visible lights, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wave length.
24.
Poor as he was, he was ______ making profits at the expense of others.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A above
B off
C out of
D beyond
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:A
above此处的意思是too good (honest or proud) to do，表示品质、行为能力等“超出……之外”，如：He is above stealing. 他不会干偷东西的事。

a man above vulgar interests“一个脱离了低级趣味的人”。

We must not be above asking questions about things we don't understand.不懂的事情不要怕提出来问。

习惯上其他几个介词不能用于这个意义。

25.
The Food and Drug Administration classifies as a cosmetic any product whose ______ purpose is to improve a person's appearance.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A singular
B sincere
C single
D significant
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:C
single purpose“单一的目的”，指only one; singular“单数的”，singular还有“非凡的，卓越的”的意思，a woman of singular beauty“绝美女子”；sincere“真诚的”，习惯上不用来修饰purpose；
significant“重要的”，通常也不与purpose搭配使用。

26.
Ships traveling in the North Atlantic during the winter must be constantly watchful to avoid icebergs, large masses of ice ______ only one-ninth is visible above water.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A so that
B in that
C which
D of which
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:D
large masses of ice是iceberg的同位语，关系代词which的先行词是ice，相当于only one-ninth of the ice is visible above water，所以D是正确答案。

so that引导目的状语从句，in that引导原因状语从句，均与句义不符。

27.
It shows how economic and social and, above all, political changes have played their part, so that, correctly ______, the postage stamp in which millions of people, young and old, find pleasure, knowledge and even profit, has always been a faithful mirror of the. times.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A interpreting
B interpreted
C to be interpreted
D being interpreted
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:B
这个句子结构比较复杂：how economic and social and political changes have played their part是show的宾语从句；so that…the postage stamp…has always been a faithful mirror of the times是结果状语从句；in which millions of people…find pleasure, knowledge and even
profit是定语从句，修饰postage stamps; above all, correctly interpreted, young and old都是插入语。

interpret的逻辑主语是postage stamp，与之是受动关系，所以用过去分词。

28.
The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason
______ they have been around a bit longer.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A why
B that
C since
D after
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:B
that引导同位语从句，先行词是reason。

考生应该记住：for the simple reason that…是惯用法，reason后面不用别的连词，尤其注意不能接why，因为此处是同位语从句而不是定语从句。

试比较：
定语从句：The reason why he came late is that(不能用because)his car broke down.
同位语从句：He came late for the simple reason that his car broke down.
29.
He is the kind of person who stops at nothing in order to ______ his own purpose.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A promote
B obtain
C reach
D achieve
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:D
achieve one's purpose“达到某人的目的”，还可以说：accomplish (attain)one's purpose；fulfill (realize, effect, carry out, execute) one's purpose“实现目的”；promote the purpose“促进……目的”，用在句中语义不合适。

reach one's purpose，不符合习惯上的表达方式。

30.
The environmental group hopes ______ the forest to its original condition by the end of the decade.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
A having restored
B to have restored
C to be restored
D to have been restored
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 0.5
答案:B
从四个选项的区别点可以看出，此题的考点是非谓语动词的用法。

hope要求接不定式作宾语，而不是hope doing sth. 。

另外不定式restore的逻辑主语是group，相互关系应该是主动的，所以C和D都是错误的。

正确答案为B项to have restored，此处用完成式表明到将来某一时刻(by the end of the decade)要完成的动作。

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D.
Passage One
The Warranty Holdings Group, a European leader in mechanical breakdown insurance and a researcher **mentator on trends in motoring, says that the motorists' world 20 years from now will be marked by more cars, more choice and more technology. Built-in safety features will increase and will include night-vision and collision-avoidance system, and monitoring devices to stop drivers falling asleep at the wheel.
A growth in tele-working and home shopping should cut the numbers of trips in a car made by most motorists and "fun" sports cars will become popular as private motoring becomes more
recreational in nature.
The survey results show that despite years of research into alternative fuel sources for vehicles, no clear winner has emerged
for a replacement for the conventional petrol-engined car. Gas and electricity are the best possibilities, with Toyota's design division in Japan claiming it already has an electric car that will drive up to 250kin on a single charge.
However, while electric and "hybrid" powered vehicles will be
far more in evidence in the future, it will take a major technological breakthrough to steer the car industry away from its current path of gradual improvements to the petrol-driven **bustion engine.
Professor Garel Rhys, of the Cardiff Business School in Wales, says engine fuel injection systems of the future will be far more frugal than anything that exists at the moment. "It will be like putting a pipette of petrol into the cylinders, rather than just throwing it in by the bucket load, which is almost what we do at the moment when **pare it with what could be possible. "
Some environmentalists point to the Twingo, the small car developed by France's **pany, to show that what could be achieved by
the world's car industry if it moved away from a trend towards bigger and more powerful cars and radically cut the fuel consumption of its products. Public opinion polls in many countries show motorists wanting access to this kind of environmentally-aware car.
A prototype environmental car, the SMILE (smaller, intelligent, lighten, efficient) has been put together by the environmental group Greenpeace. The group hopes the concept will catch on. It depends heavily on supercharging or forcing fuel mixture into the cylinders at higher than normal pressure. Some experts say this is a good way to extract high performance and high fuel efficiency from small engines.
Cutting the fuel consumption has had no negative effect on the handling or performance of the car, according to the designers. Top speed, flexibility and acceleration from the engine is as good or better than the original Twingo. They say the technology used to create the Twingo SMILE could just as easily be used on other brands of car.
What remains to be seen is whether the enthusiasm of environmental designers catches on with the dollar-driven international car industry, and whether motorists back up with their chequebooks their desire for "greener" cars.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
31.
Which of the following is true about the motorists' world 20 years from now?
A The number of cars will reduce as more people work and shop at home.
B People will only use cars for recreational purposes.
C Cars will be better equipped to enhance bigger safety.
D "Fun" sports cars will be the mainstream of car industry.
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:C
细节题。

根据文章第一段，未来20年汽车世界的特点是：汽车数量更多、选择范围更广和技术更加先进，车内安全特征将会增加，其中包括夜视和防碰撞系统以及防止司机开车时睡觉的监控装置。

C与此吻合，A意思相反；根据第二段，远距离电脑办公和家庭购物的兴起将可能减少大多数开车者驾车出行的次数，随着个人驾车本质上更具消遣性，“娱乐性”跑车将更受欢迎，但这不意味着人们用车只是为了娱乐；跑车会更受欢迎，但并非将成为汽车业的主流，所B和D都不准确。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
32.
It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A it is unlikely that today's petrol-driven car will be a thing of the past in the near future
B electricity will soon be the alternative fuel source as Toyota has succeeded in designing an electric car
C the car industry has attempted to make a breakthrough in improving the petrol-driven engine but failed
D the car industry is now trying to economize its current engine fuel injection systems and make the cars more powerful
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:A
推断题。

根据第三、四段，尽管对汽车替代性燃料的研究进行了多年，大功告成者到现在还没有出现，传统的汽油汽车还没有找到替代品。

尽管电动汽车和“混合型”动力机车在未来是极为可行的事，但是要使汽车工业改头换面，不再走逐步改进汽油内燃机的老路，还需要在技术上有重大突破。

由此可推断，汽油发动机汽车在近期成为过眼烟云仍不太可能，所以选A。

文章中虽然说丰田公司已研制出充电一次就能行驶多达250公里的电动汽车，但这并不意味着电很快就能替代汽油，所以B不对；文章中说汽车工业改头换面，不再走逐步改进汽油内燃机的老路，还需要在技术上有重大突破，并非汽车公司曾努力取得突破但失败了，所以也排除C；汽车现在的注油方式仍然是大量注入，所以D 也不对。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
33.
The phrase "catch on" (Line 2, Para. 7) most probably means ______.
A become popular
B draw attention
C be formulated
D be in trouble
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:B
词汇题。

根据第七段，环境保护组织“绿色和平”已经构想出一种环保型样车SmILE(体积小、智能化、重量轻、效率高四个英文单词的首字母组合)。

从逻辑上分析，该组织当然是希望这一概念能流行起来，被人接受，所以A是正确答案。

其他三个意思均不符合上下文逻辑。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
34.
The author thinks that environmentalists who are keen for environmental cars
A can be very optimistic
B are more likely to be disappointed than satisfied
C will have to be patient
D should be cautious
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:C
细节题。

根据文章最后一段，人们拭目以待的是，受金钱驱动的国际汽车工业是否理解环保设计者的热情，开车族是否舍得花钱来满足他们开“环保型”汽车的愿望。

所以作者认为热衷环保汽车的人还应耐心等待。

所以选C。

作者没
有说明他们可以非常乐观，或很可能大失所望，或应小心谨慎，所以其他三个选项都不对。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
35.
This passage can be best entitled ______.
A New Trends in Car Industry
B Environmental Car under Scrutiny
C The Future of Car Industry
D Green Cars. Is It Possible?
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:B
主旨题。

文章主要讲环保汽车研制的进展情况，所以B“环保汽车在研制中”
最适合做本文的标题。

A“汽车工业的新趋势”和C“汽车工业的未来”都覆盖面太大；D“绿色汽车：可能吗?”是一个问题，作者不是在回答这个问题，所以也不准确。

Passage Two
Conventional wisdom has it that concern for the environment is a luxury only the rich world can afford; that only people whose basic needs for food and shelter have been met can start worrying about the health of the planet. This survey will argue that developing countries, too, should be thinking about the environment. True, in the rich countries a strong environmental movement did not emerge until long after they had become industrialized, a stage that many developing countries have yet to reach. And true, many of the developed world's environmental concerns have little to do with immediate threats to its inhabitants' well-being. People worry about whether carbon-dioxide emissions might lead to a warmer climate next century, or whether genetically engineered crops might have unforeseen consequences for the ecosystem. That is why, when rich world environmentalists' campaign against pollution in poor countries, they are often accused of naivety. Such countries, the critics say, have more pressing concerns, such as getting their people out of poverty.
But the environmental problems that developing countries should worry about are different from those that western pundits have fashionable arguments over. They are not about potential problems in the next century, but about indisputable harm being caused today by, above all, contaminated water and polluted air. The survey will argue
that, contrary to conventional wisdom, solving such problems need not hurt economic growth; indeed dealing with them now will generally be cheaper than leaving them to cause further harm.
In most developing countries pollution seems to be getting worse, not better. Most big cities in Latin America, for example, are suffering rising levels of air pollution. Populations in these countries are growing so fast that improvements in water supply have failed to keep up with the number of extra people. Worldwide, about a billion people still have no access to clean water, and water contaminated by sewage is estimated to kill some 2 million children every year. Throughout Latin America, Asia, Africa, forests are disappearing, causing not just long-term concern about climate change but also immediate economic damage. Forest fires in Indonesia in 1997 produced a huge blanket of smog that enveloped much of South-East Asia and kept the tourists away. It could happen again, and probably will.
Recent research suggests that pollution in developing countries is far more than a minor irritation: it imposes a heavy economic cost. A World Bank study put the cost of air and water pollution in China at $ 54 billion a year, equivalent to an astonishing 8% of the country's GDP. Another study estimated the health costs of air pollution in Jakarta and Bangkok in the early 1990s at around 10% of these cities' income. These are no more than educated guesses, but whichever way the sums are done, the cost is not negligible.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
36.
It is conventionally thought that ______.
A only rich countries can afford to care about environmental problems
B developing countries should also be thinking about the environment
C environmental problems exist only in the rich world
D rich countries have not paid enough attention to the health of the planet
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:A
细节题。

文章开头第一句是本题答案所在。

传统观念认为，关注环境只是富裕国家才有能力追求的奢侈品，也就是说只有那些已满足了食宿的基本要求的人才有可能担忧环境问题。

因此，A是正确答案。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
37.
The critics of rich world environmentalists' campaign against pollution in poor countries hold that poor countries should be more concerned about ______.
A the potential greenhouse effect
B the bad consequences of genetically engineered crops
C how to get rid of poverty
D how to develop education
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:C
细节题。

第一段结尾处，富裕国家的环境学家在贫穷国家开展治理污染的运动，但他们却被指责为太天真了。

一些批评他们的人认为，这些贫穷国家有更紧要的需要关注的问题，即如何摆脱贫穷，而不是如何治理污染。

因此C是正确的。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
38.
It can be inferred from the passage that ______.
A developing countries should worry about the harm caused by polluted water and air
B the developing countries' economy will develop more rapidly if they deal with environmental problems right now
C the conventional wisdom has it that solving environmental problems may hurt economic growth
D the conventional wisdom holds that dealing with environmental problems now will generally cost less
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:C
推断题。

第二段明确说明，发展中国家关注的环境问题是污染，尤其是水和空气污染正在造成危害，因此A不是推断出来的。

接着作者说，与传统观念相反，解决这些问题不需要伤害经济增长，而且现在解决它们比任凭它们造成更多危害花费要少得多。

由此可推断，传统观念认为，解决环境问题会损害经济的发展。

因此C是正确答案。

B是推断不出的，而D是文章中明确说了的。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
39.
Disappearing forests throughout Latin America, Asia and Africa can cause ______.
A immediate climate change
B immediate economic damage
C more forests fires
D higher death rate
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:B
细节题。

在第三段后半部分，森林的消失不仅会造成对气候变化的长期担忧，而且会对经济造成直接的损害。

由此可知，只有B符合原文意思。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
40.
The passage is written for the purpose of ______.
A analyzing the difference between the environmental problems in rich and poor countries
B arguing why developing countries should take immediate action to deal with their environmental problems
C demonstrating how serious damage pollution can cause to a country's economic development
D explaining why the developed world's environmental concerns have little to do with immediate threats
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:B
主旨题。

本文主要是讲发展中国家的环境问题，阐述为什么这些国家现在也应当关注并解决它们的环境问题。

因此B是正确答案。

Passage Three
A chain of shops in East Yorkshire, England has been told that it would be a criminal offence to sell thousands of tubes of toothpaste made by a leading French manufacturer simply because the small print giving the firm importing it does not include the letters "UK". Under cosmetics regulations implementing 25 separate European Union instructions, unless the address is London, which is "a major city", the letters UK must be added. The suppliers response, when Gordon Rodgers's A2Z chain asked them to take back the toothpaste, was that this would pose no problem, because trading standards officials elsewhere in Britain do not bother about such fault-finding to a very minute detail.
A2Z, which sells a range of more than 10 000 household items from its 14 discount stores in Hull and East Yorkshire, first stumbled into these mysterious requirements of cosmetic labelling when summoned by East Yorkshire trading standards officials on a criminal charge of selling tubes of the same brand of toothpaste, Mentadent, designed for the South African market. These carried the name of a German distributor but no UK supplier. The council had no complaint about the toothpaste itself.
It is common and legal practice for supermarkets and discount stores to buy up a wide range of branded products packaged by leading European and American manufacturers for non-EU markets. These can then be sold at prices lower than those recommended for identical products in Europe, which are only more expensive because EU consumers can supposedly afford to pay more.
Council officials were quick to point out that they support the contribution this gray economy makes to "**petition". The only problem was that importers' details must be given by the regulation formula. For a major city such as London only a postcode is necessary, but for other cities and towns the letters UK must be added.
When A2Z asked how it was expected to examine the small print on the labelling of each of 10 000 products it carries, East Yorkshire replied that it was up to the firm to improve the quality of their inspection procedures. A2Z then supplied the council three weeks running with examples of similar products carrying "illegal labelling", bought from major supermarkets in the same area, asking why these large firms were not also prosecuted. The council said it "did not have the resources" to chase up every case of illegality, to which Mr. Rodgers responded that he "did not have the resources" to improve the quality of their inspection procedures, which the council was asking of him. Last week his firm's case was adjourned.
SSS_SINGLE_SEL
41.
Why did Gordon Rodgers's A2Z chain have trouble with East Yorkshire Council?
A They sold fake product.
B They sold stolen goods.
C The product they sold was incorrectly labelled.
D They were not licensed to sell this product.
该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2
答案:C
细节题。

本题要求考生识别为什么Gordon Rodgers的A2Z连锁店会和东约克郡地方议会发生麻烦。

文章第一段说，这家连锁店被告知，卖这些牙膏是违法的，原因是牙膏上所标的进口公司的名称没有“UK”两个字母。

第二段又说，这家连锁店第一次在化妆品标签的要求上碰到麻烦的时候，是因为被控销售为南非市场生产的Mentadent牌牙膏，而这些牙膏没有标明英国供货商的名称。

最后一段说了A2Z和地方议会之间的争论，问题集中在如何能检查上万个商品的标签及为什么销售同类带有“不合法标签”的大超市没有受到起诉。

由此可见，本题的答案是C他们销售标签标得不正确的产品。

D不对，因为能否销售
这些产品取决于其标签内容是否合乎要求，而不是是否有销售许可。

A和B均
不符合文章内容。

SSS_SINGLE_SEL
42.
What was wrong with the toothpaste that A2Z bought?
A Wrong product name.。