Unit3第3课时Grammar(知识精讲分层练习)(教师版)

Unit 3 A day out 第3 课时Grammar
重点词汇1.pron.它自己
2. vt.&vi.拉；拖；移开
3. n.岩石
4. adj.幸好，幸运的是
5. n.登山者，攀爬者
重点词组1. 亲自
2. 单独、独自
3. 玩得开心
4. 自言自语
5. 自学……
6. 请某人随便吃
7. 自己穿衣
8. 把秘密藏在某人内心
9. 伤到自己
10. 把自己藏起来
11 照顾自己
12. 将某人独自留下自己爬上岩石
重点句型
1.这辆巴士和美国的那些(巴士)一样舒适。

.
2.吴老师和朋友一样友善。

.
3.这次行程不如旅行那么有趣。

.
4.那个埃菲尔铁塔(Eiffel Tower)不如法国真正的那座高。

. ..
5.那个悉尼歌剧院(Sydney Opera House)模型看起来和澳大利亚的那个一样壮观。

..
6.这场歌舞表演和公园里的模型一样棒。

..
7.幸运的是，一些登山者帮助了..
目标导航
8.请不要告诉任何人这件事情。

..
【答案】重点词汇
1.itself
2.pull
3.rock
4.luckily
5.climber
重点词组
1. for oneself亲自
2.by oneself =alone=on one's own单独、独自
3. enjoy oneself=have a good time=have fun玩得开心
4. say/think to oneself自言自语
5.teach oneself sth=learn sth by oneself自学……
6. help oneself to sth请某人随便吃
7. dress oneself自己穿衣
8. keep the secret to oneself把秘密藏在某人内心9. hurt oneself伤到自己
10. hide oneself把自己藏起来11 .look after/take care of oneself照顾自己
12. leave …. by oneself将某人独自留下自己爬上岩石
重点句型
1.The bus is as fortable as those in the USA.
2.Mr Wu is as kind as a friend.
3.The journey is not as interesting as the visit.
4.The Eiffel Tower is not as tall as the real one in France.
5.The model Sydney Opera House looks as wonderful as that in Australia.
6.The song and dance shows are as good as the models in the park.
7.Simon. Luckily, some climbers helped Simon.
8.Please don’t tell anybody about this.
知识点睛
一．The model Golden Gate Bridge looked as great as the one back home.金门大桥的模型和国内的一样宏伟。

【精讲】as...as的用法
1.句型: as+形容词/副词原级+ as“和......一样”
2.句型: not as/so+ 形容词/副词原级+as“不如”
not as (o)...as=形容词/副词反义词的比较级+ than
3.表示倍数:倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as
形容词比较级和最高级的构成
1.规则变化
类别构成方法原级比较级最高级
单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加er,est
long
tall
longer
taller
longest
tallest 以不发音的e 结尾时
加r,st
late
large
later
larger
latest
largest 以辅音字母加y结尾
时把y变i,再加er,est
easy
happy
easier
happier
easiest
happiest 以重读闭音节结尾且
末尾只有一个辅音字
母时,双写最后的辅音
字母,再加er,est
big
hot
bigger
hotter
biggest
hottest
多音节
词和部分双音节词在原级前加
more,most
careful
more
careful
most
careful
beautiful
more
beautiful
most
beautiful
2.不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill worse worst
old older/elder oldest/eldest many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
形容词和副词的比较等级是中考的必考点。

而在词形转换题型中，则需先判断用原级还是比较等级。

1.原级的判定方法
1）由表示程度的副词very，so，too，enough，quite等修饰时，用形容词原级。

The film is too boring. 这部电影太无聊了。

2）A+be+as+原级+as+B，意为“A与B一样……”，表示相同或相等。

My best friend is as tall as her mother. 我最好的朋友和她妈妈一样高。

3）A+be+not+so/as+原级+as+B，意为“A不及B那样……”，表示不如或不相等。

This red skirt is not so beautiful as that blue one. 这条红色的短裙不如那条蓝色的漂亮。

4）A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B，表示“A是B的……倍”（常见倍数：一半half，一倍once，两倍twice，三倍及以上：数字+times）。

Our school is twice as large as theirs. 我们学校是他们学校的两倍大。

5）as much/many...+as，表示前后的数量相同。

John earns as much money as his brother.约翰挣的钱和他的哥哥一样多。

6）as+原级+as+用作比喻的名词，意为“像……一样”，此结构可形成许多习惯用语，多用于口语。

He is as busy as a bee.他像蜜蜂一样忙碌。

2.比较级的判定方法
1）由表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a few, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时，用形容词或副词的比较级。

It is even colder today. 今天甚至更冷了。

2）“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”表示“越……，就越……”。

The more fruit you eat, the healthier you are. 你吃的水果越多，你就越健康。

3）“比较级+and+比较级”，表示“越来越……”。

注意：若比较级是在原级前加more构成的，则用“more and more+原级”表示“越来越……”。

Our city is being more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮了。

4）表示两者进行比较时用比较级，其结构为A+be+比较级+than+B表示“A比B……，”即A>B。

（注意比较的对象要一致）如果加入数字，则表示确切的量的关系。

My bike is more beautiful than hers. 我的自行车比她的（自行车）漂亮。

比较级的常见结构有：
1.A+be+less+多音节形容词原级+than+B，表示“A不及B……”。

The film was less funny than the book.这部电影没有这本书有趣。

2.表示两者之间进行选择时，用句型：Which/Who+be+比较级，A or B?。

Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近，月亮还是地球？
3.表示两者之间较……的一个（of the two）时，常用the+比较级结构。

He is the thinner of the two.他是两个中较瘦的那个。

4.表示几倍于……时，用倍数+比较级+than表示。

The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.长江大概比珠江长两倍。

3.最高级的判定方法
1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用最高级形式。

形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可以不用。

句末常跟一个in/of/among 短语来表示范围。

即用“A+be+the+最高级（in/of/among）...” 表示。

This picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有的画中最好的。

2）表示“A是……中最……之一”时，用“A+be+one of+the +形容词最高级+名词复数形式”
Deng Ziqi is one of the most popular singers.邓紫棋是最受欢迎的歌手之一。

3）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用句型：Which/Who be the +最高级，A，B or C?
Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔，谁最高？
1.pared with newspapers or TV, the Internet offers people __________ information.
A.much
B.more
C.most
【答案】B
【解析】句意:与报纸或是电视相比,互联网给人们提供了更多的信息。

本题考查形容词的比较级。

由题干中pared with...可知,本空用形容词的比较级形式,由此可知本题选择B。

2.Of the two physics problems, Martha just finished __________ one.
A.the most difficult
B.the least difficult
C.the less difficult
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在这两个物理题中,玛莎刚刚完成了难度较小的那一个。

本题考查形容词的比较等级。

most 最多(用于最高级);least最少(用于最高级);less较少(用于比较级)。

根据Of the two physics problems可知,两者间进行比较应使用比较级。

故答案为C。

3.Miss Brown tells us to remember that__________careful we are,__________mistakes we will make.
A.the more, the fewer
B.the fewer, the more
C.the more, the less
【答案】A
【解析】句意:Brown老师让我们记住,我们越小心犯的错误就越少。

此题考查“the+比较级……,the+比较级……”句型。

根据句意可排除B项。

应用fewer修饰可数名词复数mistakes,所以选A。

4.—What do you think of the movie Operation Red Sea?
—Wonderful. I’ve never seen a movie __________ than it.
A.more excited
B.more exciting
C.most excited
D.most exciting
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你觉得电影《红海行动》怎么样?——很精彩。

我从没看过比它更刺激的电影。

本题考查形容词的比较级。

根据关键词than可知此处要用形容词的比较级,因此排除C、D选项。

excited用于说明人,故排除A选项。

movie电影,因此需要用修饰物的exciting,故答案为B项。

5.—Mary, do you prefer weekdays or weekends?
—Of course weekdays. Because I’m __________ on weekends.
A.busy
B.much busier
C.the busiest
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——玛丽,你更喜欢工作日还是周末?——当然是工作日了。

因为我在周末要忙得多。

本题考查形容词的比较级。

句中工作日和周末为对比关系,所以用形容词的比较级。

much可以修饰比较级busier。

故本题选B。

6.—Do the twins look the same?
—No, Jane is __________ taller than Claire.
A.little
B.more
C.a little
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——这对双胞胎看上去一样吗?——不,简比克莱尔高一点。

a little可修饰形容词比较级。

故答案为C。

7.All the students in our class are over fifteen except Nick. He is__________in our class.
A.younger
B.older
C.the youngest
D.the oldest
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我们班所有学生都超过15岁了,除了尼克。

他是我们班岁数最小的。

本题考查形容词最高级的用法。

根据句意可知,正确答案为C。

8.—Which country has the __________ population in the world?
—China. It’s a little __________ than that of India.
A.most, most
B.biggest, bigger
C.more, most
D.bigger, biggest
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——世界上哪个国家人口最多?——中国。

它比印度人口多一点。

本题考查形容词的比较级和最高级。

population应该用形容词big或large来修饰,故排除选项A和C。

第一句话有表范围的短语in the world, 应用最高级。

第二个空后有than,应用比较级,故本题选择B。

9.The pizza looks __________. It is my favourite.
A.lovely
B.sweetly
C.softly
D.healthily
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这块比萨看起来很可爱。

它是我的最爱。

本题考查形容词的用法。

本题中look为感官动词,其后要用形容词。

lovely意为“可爱的”,为形容词;sweetly意为“甜蜜地”,为副词;softly意为“柔软地”,为副词;healthily意为“健康地”,为副词。

故本题选择A。

10.Nothing is __________ than keeping trying if you want to achieve your dream.
A.very important
B.more important
C.the most important
D.as important as
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果你想实现梦想,不断努力最重要。

根据句中关键词than可知,本题应用比较级,与Nothing 连用表示最高级。

故选B。

二．I enjoyed myself!我玩的很开心!
【精讲】反身代词
(1)人称代词
(2常见短语:
自学teach oneself = learn by oneself
独自by oneself = alone = on one's own
玩得开心enjoy oneself= have a good time = have fun
伤了自己hurt oneself
请自便help oneself (to sth.)
保密keep the secret to oneself
自言自语say to oneself
*苏醒 e to oneself
*别拘束make oneself at home
注意:反身代词使用语境:当宾语和主语为同一对象时，宾语用反身代词。

1．Jane, you can’t go home by ______ (you) after 10 p.m. It’s dangerous.
【答案】yourself
【详解】句意：简，晚上10点以后你不能一个人回家，这很危险。

独自：by oneself；根据“Jane”可知you 是单数，对应的反身代词是yourself，你自己。

故填yourself。

2．All of us enjoyed ______ (us) at my father’s birthday party that day.
【答案】ourselves
【详解】句意：那天在我父亲的生日聚会上，我们大家都玩得很开心。

enjoy oneself玩得愉快，us的反身代词是ourselves，意为“我们自己”。

故填ourselves。

3．The lovely boy often dresses ______ (he) up as Monkey King.
【答案】himself
【详解】句意：这个可爱的男孩经常把自己打扮成美猴王。

把自己打扮成什么样子：dress oneself up as…；he，主格代词，对应的反身代词是himself。

故填himself。

4．They enjoyed ______ (oneself).
【答案】themselves
【详解】句意：他们玩得很开心。

enjoy oneself玩得高兴，固定短语；分析句子可知，宾语和主语they“他们”是同一对象，需用themselves。

故填themselves。

5．If we can take better care of ______ (us), our parents will be less worried about us.
【答案】ourselves
【详解】句意：如果我们能更好地照顾自己，我们的父母就不会那么担心我们了。

根据“less worried about us”可知我们能更好地照顾自己，空处应用反身代词ourselves“我们自己”。

故填ourselves。

6．I am as ______ (happy) as you.
【答案】happy
【详解】句意：我和你一样快乐。

as…as表示“如……一样”，中间接形容词或副词原级，系动词am后接形容词作表语，故填happy。

7．Tina is as ______ (beautifully) as Lily.
【答案】beautiful
【详解】句意：蒂娜像莉莉一样漂亮。

分析句子结构可知，is是系动词，后接形容词作表语，beautifully“漂亮地”是副词，与其所对应的形容词是beautiful“漂亮的”；“as+形容词原级+as”为固定结构，故填beautiful。

8．Tim's bedroom is as ______ (tidy) as Jack's.
【答案】tidy
【详解】句意：蒂姆的卧室和杰克的一样整洁。

此处在句中作表语，构成“as+形容词原级+as”结构，表示“和……一样”，故填tidy。

9．John plays football as ______(good) as his brother Jack.
【答案】well
【详解】句意：约翰踢足球和他哥哥杰克一样好。

play是动词，需用副词修饰；根据句意语境和英文提示，good的副词形式为well，表示“好地”，as well as和……一样好，故填well。

10．My friend Emma doesn't write as ______(good) as her brother.
【答案】well
【详解】句意：我的朋友艾玛写得不如她哥哥好。

as+形容词/副词+as，表示“和……一样……”，用于同级比较。

write是动词，需用副词修饰；根据句意语境和英文提示，可知填well。

分层练习
【基础练习】
一．根据中文意思或句意完成句子
1.How beautiful the ______________(岩石）are!
2.Look, the _______________(登山者）look very strong .
3.______________(幸运）, he was not in the house when the earthquake happened .
4.Please _____________ (拉）my son up the hill .
5.The story i___________ is so interesting .
6. Thank you for ______________(invite) me to your English evening .
7.I read this lesson carefully to know the ___________(主要的) idea of.it.
8.This box was made of ________(金属).
9.Please let Jack __________(go) on the trip today.
10.The president’s words make everyone ______________(exciting).
【答案】1.rocks 2.climbers 3.Luckily 4.pull 5.itself 6.inviting 7.main 8.steel 9.go 10.excited 二．根据所给中英文提示完成句子
1.We _______________(喝彩）for you when you sang .
2. You are l_________ that you didn’t hurt.
3.Do you think which football team will win the _____________(决赛）？
4.When did you _____________(到达）the pany ?
5.The meal is _____________(免费的）. You needn’t pay anything for it .
6.With his _______________(支持），we finished the task .
7. I am so tired. I think I need to have a ______________(休息）.
8. The sports meeting will t__________ place in the Sports Centre next week .
9. During ________________(中场休息）, the basketball players can have a break .
10. I have twenty dollars in my pocket at ______________(little)
【答案】1.cheered 2.lucky 3.final 4.reach 5.free 6.support 7.rest 8. took 9.halftime 10.least
【能力拓展】
1．―Kitty is very good at musical instrument (乐器).
―I think so. She can play the guitar almost ______ her teacher.
A．as good as B．as well as C．so good as D．so well as
【答案】B
【详解】句意：—基蒂很擅长乐器。

—我也这样认为。

她弹吉他几乎和她的老师弹得一样地好。

考查副词的原级比较。

根据“I think so.”可知是她弹吉他几乎和老师弹得一样好。

as…as“和……一样”，中间用形容词/副词原级，变否定句时用not so…as；本题中play是动词，因此要用副词来修饰，well是副词，good是形容词，故选B。

2．If you listen to the teacher as ______ as your sister, you will learn this subject well.
A．careful B．more careful C．carefully D．more carefully
【答案】C
【详解】句意：如果你像你姐姐一样认真听老师讲课，你就会学好这门学科。

考查副词原级。

careful仔细的，形容词原级；more careful更仔细的，形容词比较级；carefully仔细地，副词原级；more carefully更仔细地，副词比较级。

as…as表示“如……一样”，中间接形容词或副词原级，此空修饰动词listen to，要用副词，故选C。

3．Sandy’s handwriting is ______, if not better than, Mike.
A．as good as B．as well as C．not as good as D．not as well as
【答案】A
【详解】句意：桑迪的书法如果不比迈克更好，也是和他一样好。

考查短语辨析。

as good as和……一样好；as well as也；not as good as不及；not as well as不如。

本句比较了桑迪和迈克的书法，这里应用形容词good 作表语，排除选项B和D；结合“ if not better than”可知，作者认为桑迪的书法和迈克一样好。

故选A。

4．She is as ______as Lilei.
A．friendly B．more friendly C．friendlier D．friendliest
【答案】A
【详解】句意：她和李蕾一样友好。

考查形容词原级。

as…as“像……一样”，中间应接形容词或副词的原级；此处应是形容词原级friendly。

故选A。

5．Tom is not as ______ at sports as Bill.
A．good B．well C．better D．best
【答案】A
【详解】句意：汤姆的体育运动不如比尔好。

考查形容词原级。

good好的，形容词原级；well好地，副词
原级；better更好的，比较级；best最好的，最高级；根据“not as...as”可知，此处是原级的比较，空格处作表语，应用形容词原级形式，故选A。

6．Can you help me? I can’t reach the book ______.
A．me B．my C．yourself D．myself
【答案】D
【详解】句意：你能帮我吗？我自己够不着这本书。

考查反身代词。

me我，人称代词宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；yourself你自己，反身代词；myself我自己，反身代词。

根据“你能帮助我吗？”可知，我自己够不着这本书，表达“我自己”用myself。

故选D。

7．—Do you think Peter is a generous boy?
—No. He always thinks of ______ more than others.
A．he B．his C．him D．himself
【答案】D
【详解】句意：—你认为Peter是个大方的男孩吗？—不，他总是想他自己比别人多。

考查代词辨析。

he他，主格代词；his他的，形容词性物主代词；him他，宾格代词；himself他自己，反身代词。

根据空后“more than others”可推测出，空处代词是“他自己”。

故选D。

8．When you both get into trouble, don’t give up but cheer ______up.
A．ourselves B．himself C．yourselves D．myself
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当你们都处于麻烦中的时候，不要放弃，而要让你们自己振作起来。

考查反身代词。

ourselves 我们自己；himself他自己；yourselves你自己，你们自己；myself我自己。

根据“When you both”可知表达的是让你们自己振作起来，用反身代词yourselves。

故选C。

9．—Did they have a good time at the party?
—Yes. They enjoyed ______.
A．themselves B．myself C．yourselves D．herself
【答案】A
【详解】句意：—他们在聚会上过得很愉快吗？—是的，他们玩得很开心。

考查反身代词。

themselves 他（她、它）们自己；myself 我自己；yourselves 你们自己；herself她自己；enjoy oneself“过得愉快、玩得开心”；主语they，其相应的反身代词为themselves。

故填themselves。

10．When children grow up, they have to learn how to take care of ______ and be independent.
A．they B．them C．their D．themselves
【答案】D
【详解】句意：当孩子们长大，他们不得不学会怎样照顾他们自己并学会独立。

考查反身代词。

they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；their他们的；themselves他们自己。

根据“learn how to take care of”及“be independent”可知句子表达“学会照顾他们自己”，用反身代词“themselves”。

故选D。

11．—Who taught ______ English last year, Michael?
—I learned it by ______.
A．you; myself B．your; myself C．yourself; me D．yourself; myself
【答案】A
【详解】句意：—迈克尔，去年谁教你英语的?—我是自学的。

考查代词和固定搭配。

you你，myself我自己；your你的，你们的，yourself你自己，me我。

根据空一前的taught与后面的English可知，此处是teach sb sth，sb为人称代词宾格形式，结合选项可知，应该是taught you English教你英语；根据空二前的learned it by可知，此处是learn sth by oneself自学，结合选项可知，此处是leaned it by myself。

故选A。

12．Mike enjoyed ______ at his friend's birthday party last night.
A．he B．him C．himself D．his
【答案】C
【详解】句意：Mike 昨晚在他朋友的生日聚会上玩得很开心。

考查反身代词。

he 他，人称代词主格；him 他，人称代词宾格；himself 他自己；his 他的。

enjoy oneself是固定搭配，表示“玩得开心”，符合句意，故选C。

13．—We must thank our parents for their endless love. They always care more about us than ______.
—I totally agree with you.
A．ourselves B．yourself C．myself D．themselves
【答案】D
【详解】句意：—我们必须感谢父母无尽的爱。

他们总是更关心我们，而不是他们自己。

—我完全同意。

考查反身代词，ourselves我们自己；yourself你自己；myself我自己；themselves他们自己。

根据“We must thank our parents for their endless love.”可知他们总是更关心我们，而不是他们自己。

其中“they”是第三人称复数，对应的反身代词用themselves，故选D。

14．Boys and girls, you should do your homework by ______.
A．yourself B．yourselves C．themselves D．ourselves
【答案】B
【详解】句意：孩子们，你们应该自己做作业。

考查反身代词。

yourself你自己；yourselves你们自己；themselves
他们自己；ourselves我们自己。

根据“Boys and girls”和主语“you”可知，此处要与主语保持一致，用复数反身代词yourselves。

故选B。

15．If I am not sure what's wrong with Tom, it's better for me to ask him ______.
A．yourself B．itself C．myself D．herself
【答案】C
【详解】句意：如果我不知道汤姆有什么问题的话，最好还是我自己去问他。

考查反身代词辨析。

yourself 你自己；itself它自己；myself我自己；herself她自己。

根据“it's better for me”可知，此处用me对应的反身代词myself，表示我自己问他。

故选C。

二．缺词填空根据短文内容及首字母提示补全单词10’
Most American families are smaller than the families in other c__1__. Children in the US will l__2__ at their parents’ homes. When they grow up, they usually live f__3__ from their parents because they want to f__4__ good jobs. They often w__5__ to their parents or telephone them. And they often go to v__6__ their parents on holiday. Parents usually let their children choose their o__7__ jobs. Americans think it i__8__ for young people to decide on their lives by themselves. Children are asked to do some h__9__ around their houses. And in many families, children are p__10__ for doing some housework so that they can learn how to make money for their own use.
【答案】1.countries 2.live 3.far 4.find 5.write 6.visit 7.own 8.important 9.housework 10.paid
三．首字母填空
Mark lived in a village far away. One day he became very ill and everyone thought he would d l soon. They sent for a doctor. Two days l2the doctor came and looked over the sick man. The doctor a3for a pen and some paper to write down the name of the medicine. But there was no pen o4paper in the village, because no one could write. The doctor p5up a piece of burnt wood from the fire and wrote the name of the medicine (药) on the door of the house. “Get this medicine f6or him,” he said, “ and he will soon get w7.”Mark's family and friends did not know w8to do. They could not read the strange words. Then a young man had an i9idea. He took off the door of the house, put it on his carriage (四轮马车) and drove to the n10hospital. He bought the medicine there, and Mark was soon well again.
【答案】1.die 2. later 3. asked 4. or 5. picked 6. for 7. well 8. what 9. idea 10. nearest。