2021届北京市西城区实验中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案

2021届北京市西城区实验中学高三英语一模试卷及参考答案
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Obesity (肥胖症) is becoming a problem in our busy society, and almost one in three American adults is now considered to be obese. Children obesity is alsoat an all-time high.
Obesity means being very overweight. If you are obese, you have too much bodyfat. If you eat more food than your body can use, this will make you put on weight. Food that your body does not need will be stored as fat by your body.
The following are the major factors that increase the risk of obesity.
What you eat plays a major role in weight gain. Eating a lot of fast food such as hamburgers, sweet drinks, ice creams and other sweet food can increase the risk of becoming obese.
If you do not do enough exercise, you will put on weight as the food you eat is not being used to make energy for physical activities.
The chances of you being obese are greater if your parents are obese.
There are many psychological factors that cause people to eat too much. People who are worried, unhappy or bored will often eat to make themselves feel better. This is known as comfort eating.
Age is another factor, as you tend (趋于) to be less active when you get older. When you get older, you need to eat less, and if you do not eat less, you will put on weight. Obesity can cause many health problems such as heart problems, high blood pressure and many other serious medical conditions.
1. The underlined sentence in paragraph 1 means that ____.
A. obesity does not do harm to health.
B. there are more obese children than before.
C. all the American children are obese.
D. there are less obese children in the USA.
2. According to the passage, there are ____ major factors that increase the risk of obesity.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
3. What will the writer most probably talk about after the last paragraph?
A. How to avoid obesity.
B. How to live in the busy USA.
C. What illnesses are caused by obesity.
D. How doctors treat heart problems.
B
Imagine the feeling of swinging at a baseball going 100 miles per hour—without leaving your living room, or being in race car as it roars down the track, while you are sitting on the couch.
These are just some of the ways that sports business leaders say virtual reality (VR) will revolutionize how people train for and experience sports. Virtual and augmented（增强的）realities are together known as mixed reality (MR). “American footballers are already using VR to better train their minds andread the field,” Ludden said. “This can allow players to perfect their skills without risking injury.”
Canadian company D-BOX Technologies designs and produces moving seats found in cinema and theme parks. It is now moving into sports, and shows its Formula One (F1) racing simulator（模拟器）. The seats stimulate the force of gravity, speed and every shaking as Fl champion Lewis Hamilton zips around city streets.
A simulation seat uses pre-programed data now. Someday, though, it could use real-time information sent by the car. “They couldbroadcast live content through a network in pop-up theaters around the world,” Ludden said. Say you want to experience the true stress of a batter being up against major-league baseball pitcher. “You can have a heartbeat added to the sensation on the seat and then you can feel it, boom, boom,” Maheu explained. “When he swings and hits the ball, you can have an impact.”
One day, fans around the world could physically experience every game from their favorite player in real time. Ludden said that current and near-future technology could create “augmented stadiums” for live audiences. Panasonic launched its “Smart Venue” plans which included the overlaying of graphics, advertisements, player statistics and replays on the field of play at a pro football game. “If you are seated in the cheap seats, you can see this really useful.” “Fans may someday join in stadium wide games, using the field as a virtual gaming platform,” Ludden added.
4. What does the underlined phrase “read the field” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Get off the playing field.
B. Build up a football court.
C. Judge the situation on the field.
D. Ask players to play on the spot.
5. What does Maheu think audiences can do in the future baseball game?
A. Enjoy live content in any theater.
B. Program the simulation seats in advance.
C. Control the force and speed of the baseball.
D. Experience the real time game with the player.
6. What does Ludden mainly describe in the last paragraph?
A. The origin of VR.
B. A future stadium.
C. An advertisement platform.
D. The expectations of audiences.
7. What is the main idea of the text?
A. VR can improve players' skills for sports.
B. VR increases fans' joy in the baseball game.
C. VR can improve sports experience for players and fans.
D. VR promises a new future for football players and games.
C
Paper is an important part of modern life. People use it in school, at work, to make artwork and books, to wrap presents and much more. Trees are the most common material for paper these days.
So how do people make paper out of trees today? People first cut trees, load them onto trucks and bring them to a factory. Machines cut open the outer coverings of the trees, and cut the trees into pieces. Those pieces are boiled into a soup. After that, it is hit flat, dried and cut up into sheets of paper.
The entire process, from planting a small tree to buying your school notebook, takes a very long time. Just growing the trees takes 10 to 20 years.
Making tons of paper from trees can harm the planet. Humans cut down 80, 000 to 160,000 trees around the world every day, and use many of them to make paper. Some of those trees come from tree farms. But people also cut down forests for paper, which means that animals and birds lose their homes.
Cutting forests down also contributes to climate change, and paper factories pollute the air. After you throw paper, it often takes the paper six to nine years to break down. That's why recycling is important. It saves a lot of trees, slows climate change and helps protect endangered animals, birds and all creatures that rely on forests for their homes and food.
So if paper isn't good for the environment, why don't people write on something else?
The answer: They do. With computers, tablets and cellphones, people use much less paper than in the past. Maybe a day will come when we won't use paper at all — or will save it for very special books and artworks.
8. What can we know about making paper out of trees?
A. It costs much money.
B. It takes a lot of time.
C. It is very easy and fast.
D. It is dangerous and difficult.
9. What is the impact of paper production?
A. It promotes the recycling.
B. It does harm to the environment.
C. It slows down the climate change.
D. It protects the animals from losing homes.
10. How will we use paper someday in the future according to the text?
A. Use it for books only.
B. Use the recycled paper.
C. Treasure it occasionally.
D. Use it for artworks.
11. What idea does the author want to express from the text?
A. The influence of making paper on environment.
B. The wonderful experience of making paper.
C. The necessary process of making paper.
D. The good reasons for making paper.
D
I don’t want to talk about being a woman scientistagain. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated (controlled) by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space, time and the nature of black holes.
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics (天体物理学), it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement — jobs, research papers, awards — was viewed through the lens (镜片) of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations (挑衅): I don’t talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how
many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45.
I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war” stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.
12. Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?
A. She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination (歧视).
B. She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.
C. She is not good at telling stories of the kind.
D. She finds space research more important.
13. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute (把……归因于) the author’s failures to ________.
A. the burden she bears in a male-dominated society
B. her involvement in gender politics
C. her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist
D. the very fact that she is a woman
14. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?
A. Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.
B. Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.
C. People’s fixed attitude toward female scientists.
D. Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurtured.
15. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?
A. Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.
B. Women can balance a career in science and having a family.
C. Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.
D. Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项It's important to develop strong study skills in high school so that you can be prepared for any continuing education or training after you graduate.___16___. By repeating them, you will create a new study habit and that will result in improved learning and grades.
___17___. Update it as the term goes on. Make sure you have all the materials with you that you might need.
Develop a calm attitude.___18___. Nobody learns anything straight away.
Set up small rewards for reaching goals. Remember that it takes time to develop a new habit, so set small achievable study goals and reward yourself for reaching then.___19___
Review the information you've learned. By creating repetition, you strengthen the memory of what you're studying. Take frequent breaks during your study time. Short bursts of studying are proven to be more effective than hours of cramming. Get up and stretch, clear your mind and relax your muscles before returning to the books.
Using thinking skills effectively.___20___. If you're not a good thinker, start now by developing habits that make you ask yourself questions as you read. Talk to other students who you feel are good thinkers. Ask them what it is they do when they think critically or creatively. Often times, you can pick up valuable insights to help you become a better thinker.
A. Be calm and patient with yourself
B. For that repeat the following study habits daily
C. Obviously, a good habit benefits you all life long
D. This helps keep you motivated and feeling positive
E. At the beginning of a term, prepare a Term Calendar
F. Good thinkers see only dead-ends where others see possibilities
G. Good thinkers see possibilities where others see only dead-ends
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
I goton the bus to go to school as normally do. Today, however, was quite____21____. As we approached the next stop, a little girl got on. She____22____into her wallet to find the $2 to pay the driver, but I could____23____by her expression that she didn’t have the correct____24____. Therefore, I stood up, took out $2 from my wallet, and paid____25____the girl. Then I walked back and sat down. The girl____26____me, sitting down next to me. She said “thank you” in a sweet little voice and we began to chat. I found out that she was trying to get toState Street. I felt____27____to think about a girl in such a young age____28____around in the city with no money or parent. When my____29____approached, I instructed her to get off with me and she agreed. As we got to the_____30_____, the little girl took my hand, and I_____31_____ her across the street to safety._____32_____, I had some spare time, so I_____33_____the girl to State Street, gave her $5, told her how
to get home, and said goodbye. As I_____34_____out my hand to shake, she ran to me and gave me the biggest and_____35_____hug. We waved each other goodbye and she looked at me with the sweetest blue eyes, and then she skipped away_____36_____the street.
Although my new friend, Emily, was just a 9 year old girl, she gave me_____37_____ that will take her many years to understand. As we hugged, none of us said a word;_____38_____, I knew that our hearts had met and a_____39_____was made. No age can limit the_____40_____of one’s kindness or the love they can give.
21. A. frightening B. disappointing C. different D. relaxing
22. A. observed B. touched C. reached D. searched
23. A. tell B. hear C. imagine D. base
24. A. ticket B. access C. permit D. fare
25. A. off B. for C. back D. to
26. A. followed B. pushed C. noticed D. excused
27. A. tired B. bored C. troubled D. inspired
28. A. chatting B. looking C. wandering D. playing
29. A. company B. store C. center D. stop
30. A. corner B. crossroads C. destination D. shop
31. A. forced B. hurried C. led D. freed
32. A. Usually B. Luckily C. Suddenly D. Personally
33. A. accompanied B. treated C. invited D. instructed
34. A. pulled B. carried C. made D. held
35. A. toughest B. slightest C. weakest D. strongest
36. A. across B. over C. off D. down
37. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
38. A. otherwise B. however C. besides D. therefore
39. A. conclusion B. contribution C. connection D. collection
40. A. ability B. power C. force D. energy
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The Guardian gave us the bad news that red and processed meat can shorten life. But The Daily Telegraph provided the good news that exchanging one portion（部分）of red meat a day___41.___fish or nuts could cut the
risk of early death by almost a fifth.
Both headlines___42.___（put）forward by a major new study into diet and health___43.___（outcome）. Researchers looked at changes in diet for more than 50, 000 women and 27, 000 men in theUS, over 16 years.
They found that those___44.___had changed their diet to include more red meat___45.___（be）around 10% more likely to die during the study. While reducing red meat alone did not result in lower risk of death, eating other food such as fish or nuts did___46.___（slight）reduce the risk of death.
We still need to be___47.___（care）about the findings. This study cannot tell us for sure that red meat or changes in red meat___48.___（consume）are the direct cause of changes in length of life. But___49.___results support existing healthy eating advice____50.____（limit）red and processed meat, and to eat plenty of vegetables, fruit and other protein sources such as nuts and legumes（豆类）.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

How time flies! My first term in senior school was coming to an end, but I can remember every day clear. There are many beautiful flowers or tall trees in our school. And at present a new teaching building is built in my school. The school is very attractive that I quite enjoy my study here.
However, I also had some problems. I had difficult in pronouncing English words correctly. As the result, I often made mistakes in class. Luckily, Miss Wang, my English teacher gave me some useful advices on English learning. I also joined in an English club at school, where helped me a lot.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是校英文报记者李华，报纸“Heroes in Harm's Way(身边的抗疫英雄)”一栏拟介绍你校张医生，请你写一封电子邮件，邀请他接受你的采访，内容包括:
1.写邮件目的；
2.邀请原因；
3.采访计划。

注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Mr.Zhang,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________
Yours sincerely
参考答案
1. B
2. C
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. C
8. B 9. B 10. D 11. A
12. A 13. D 14. C 15. B
16. B 17. E 18. A 19. D 20. G
21. C 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. C 32.
B 33. A 34. D 35. D 36. D 37. A 38. B 39.
C 40. B
41. for
42. were put
43. outcomes
44. who/that
45. were 46. slightly
47. careful
48. consumption
49. the 50. to limit
51.(1).was→is
(2).clear→clearly
(3).or→and
(4).is后添加being
(5).very→so
(6).difficult→difficulty
(7).the→a
(8).advices→advice
(9).去掉in
(10).where→which
52.略。