MBA(英语)模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)

MBA（英语）模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. Translation 5. Writing
Section I V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
1．He bought his house on the ______ plan, paying a certain amount of money each month.
A．division
B．premium
C．installment
D．investment
正确答案：C
解析：division意为“分开，区分”：premium意为“奖金，保险费”；installment 意为“分期付款，分期收款”；investment意为“投资，投入”。

根据后面的paying a certain amount of money each month可知，应选installment。

2．Scientists have spent years into the effects of certain chemicals on the human brain, but with no result.
A．studying
B．researching
C．investigating
D．inspecting
正确答案：B
解析：study意为“学习，研究”，指为获取知识或理解某课题之目的而运用头脑；research意为“研究，调查”，指从事或实行研究，通常与into搭配使用；investigate意为“调查，检查”，指详细地观察或查询；inspect意为“检察，视察”，指仔细、挑剔地检查，特别是为了发现毛病。

根据空格后面的into可知，应该选用research。

3．The trouble is that there are not many among students who really know how to make use of their time to its best ______.
A．benefit
B．advantage
C．value
D．profit
正确答案：B
解析：benefit意为“利益，好处”；advantage意为“优势，优点”；value意为“用途，价值”；profit意为“利益，益处”。

to the best advantage是习惯搭配，意为“效果最佳地”。

4．It is not easy to learn English well but if you ______, you will succeed in the end.
A．hang up
B．hand about
C．hang in
D．hang on to
正确答案：C
解析：hang up意为“挂断(电话)，拖延”；hang about意为“闲荡”；hang in 意为“坚持，不泄气”；hang on to意为“依附，紧紧抓住”。

所填之词的宾语是learn English(学习英语)，所以应该选用hang in。

5．In Africa, educational costs are very low for those who are ______ enough to get into universities.
A．ambitious
B．fortunate
C．aggressive
D．substantial
正确答案：B
解析：ambitious意为“有抱负的，雄心勃勃的”；fortunate意为“幸运的，侥幸的”；aggressive意为“好斗的，敢做敢为的”；substantial意为“牢固的，实质的”。

前面的句子说educational costs are very low，根据后面的get into universities可知，应选fortunate。

6．The old worker has been on the ______ in this factory for nearly 20 years.
A．paypacket
B．payoff
C．payroll
D．payment
正确答案：C
解析：paypacket意为“工资袋”；payoff意为“还清债”；payroll意为“工资表”；payment意为“支付”。

on the payroll是习惯搭配，意为“被雇佣”。

7．Everyone should be ______ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.
A．attributed
B．entitled
C．identified
正确答案：B
解析：attribute意为“把……归因于，认为…系某人所为”；entitle意为“给……权利，给……，资格”，指使……有资格做某事，通常与to搭配使用；identify 意为“识别，鉴定”；justify意为“证明……正当，为……辩护”。

根据后面的to a decent standard of living可知，应选entitle。

8．The bill was passed in the parliament by a majority of 200 votes ______ 30.
A．over
B．than
C．against
D．above
正确答案：C
解析：vote against是固定搭配，意为“投票反对”。

9．Falling sales and rising overheads have obliged the company to review each customer’s ______ limit.
A．credit
B．currency
C．check
D．certificate
正确答案：A
解析：credit意为“信誉，信用”；currency意为“货币，流通”；check意为“支票，汇票”；certificate意为“证书，证明书”。

credit limit是习惯搭配，意为“赊购限度”。

10．Whenever a big company ______ a small one, the product almost always gets worse.
A．gets on with
B．cuts down
C．takes over
D．puts up with
正确答案：C
解析：get on with意为“与……相处，继续”；cut down意为“削减，减少”；take over意为“接收，接管”；put up with意为“容忍，忍受”。

句子的主语是a big company，所以应选take over。

11．His actions were more ______ of his real purpose than were his words.
A．magnificent
B．significant
D．superb
正确答案：B
解析：magnificent意为“宏伟的，崇高的”，指在思想或行为上高贵或崇高的；significant意为“意义重大的，有含义的”，指表明……的，通常与of搭配使用；splendid意为“壮观的，辉煌的”，指因为十分艳丽或富丽堂皇而给人留下深刻的印象；superb意为“优秀的，壮丽的”，指质量极高的。

根据空格后面的of可知，应该选用significant。

12．The newspaper did not mention the ______ of the damage caused by the fire.
A．range
B．level
C．extent
D．quantity
正确答案：C
解析：range意为“范围”，指认知、知识、经验或能力方面的范围：level 意为“水平”，指成就、强度或浓度的相对高低；extent意为“程度”，指事物延展的范围；quantity意为“量”，指确定的数或量。

the damage(损失)修饰所填之词，所以应该选用extent。

13．The older view is that the laws of Nature are absolute, though they may have been inaccurately ______.
A．overestimated
B．accessed
C．calculated
D．formulated
正确答案：D
解析：overestimate意为“过高估计”，指估计得太高：access意为“接近”，指获得接触数据或程序的途径；calculate意为“计算”，指通过计算来确认；formulate意为“阐述”，指用系统的概念或术语来阐述。

所填之词的主语是laws of Nature(自然法则)，所以应该选用formulate。

14．At first everything went well with the project but recently we have had a number of ______ with the machinery.
A．disturbances
B．setbacks
C．outputs
D．distortions
正确答案：A
解析：disturbance意为“失调，故障”；setback意为“挫折，逆流”：output 意为“产量，输出”；distortion意为“扭曲，变形”，指对事实、感情等的扭曲。

前面的句子说everything went well with the project，随后用了but，说明后面句子的意思转折，根据后面的with the machinery可知，应选disturbance。

15．Most people can’t ______ the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee.
A．get through
B．get on
C．get at
D．get by
正确答案：A
解析：get through意为“挨过，度过”；get on意为“相处融洽，继续”；get at意为“到达，了解”；get by意为“维持生活”。

所填之词的宾语是the day(一天)，所以应该选用．get through。

16．Tom was extremely angry, but cool-headed enough to ______ storming into the boss’s office.
A．avoid
B．prohibit
C．restrict
D．prevent
正确答案：A
解析：avoid意为“避免，避开”，后面通常接名词或动名词；prohibit意为“禁止，阻止”，通常构成prohibit sb. from doing sth.结构；restrict意为“限制，约束”，通常构成restrict oneself to结构；prevent意为“预防，防止”，通常构成prevent．．．from…结构。

根据后面的storming into the boss’s office可知，应选avoid。

17．It is not easy to ______ oneself of his bad habits, just as the proverb says, “Old habits die hard”.
A．remove
B．kill
C．dismiss
D．rid
正确答案：D
解析：remove意为“去掉，消除”；kill意为“终止，灭绝”；dismiss意为“解散，开除”；rid意为“使摆脱，解除”。

rid oneself of sth．是固定搭配，意为“摆脱，除去”。

18．We have received the remittance, but have to point out that 600 U.S. dollars is still ______.
A．due
B．expected
C．deserved
D．scheduled
正确答案：A
解析：due意为“应支付的”，指根据要求应该支付的；expected意为“期望的”，指期望某事发生或出现的；deserved意为“值得的”，指应该得到或赢得的；scheduled意为“预定的”，指计划安排的。

所填之词的主语是600 US dollars(600美元)，根据空格前面的received the remittance(收到汇款)可知，应该选用due。

19．The twin sisters are so much alike that nobody could tell the difference them.
A．among
B．within
C．between
D．from
正确答案：C
解析：tell the difference between是固定搭配，意在“区分出……”。

应选C。

20．Thanks for the advice, but this is something I have to ______ out myself.
A．fulfill
B．identify
C．figure
D．claim
正确答案：C
解析：fulfill意为“完成，实现”；identify意为“鉴定，识别”；figure意为“考虑，想出”；claim意为“声称，主张”。

figure out是固定搭配，意为“理解，想出办法”。

Section II ClozeDirections: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choices the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
21．Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. (21) the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are (22) . Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. (23) 45 out of every 100 tones of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards this is a good (24) since the world-wide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and (25) schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has
responded by developing new recycling technologies that have (26) even greater utilization of used fibre. (27) , industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years. Already, waste paper (28) 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology (29) to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled (30) in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also (31) . We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; (32) stationery may be less white and (33) a rougher texture. There also needs to be (34) from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper (35) to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous (36) . There are technical (37) to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for reuse. These include paper (38) books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common (39) of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material (40) goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.
A．Despite
B．Unlike
C．With
D．Even
正确答案：B
解析：本题测试语法。

despite表示让步：unlike表示差异；with表示原因；even表示程度。

句子的主语是trees，前面的句子说它是sustainable resource，而minerals and oil不是，所以它们之间不一样。

应该选B。

22．
A．replaceable
B．removable
C．respectable
D．responsible
正确答案：A
解析：本题测试词义搭配。

replaceable意为“可以更替的，可代替的”；removable意为“可移动的，可除去的”；respectable意为“值得尊敬的，可敬的”；responsible意为“有责任的，负责的”。

所填之词修饰trees，根据前面的it comes from a sustainable resource可知，应该选A。

23．
A．While
B．When
C．If
D．Because
正确答案：A
解析：本题测试语法。

while引导让步状语从句；when引导时间状语从句；if引导条件状语从句；because引导原因状语从句。

前面的句子说的是45 out of every 100 tones of wood fibre comes from waste paper，而后面的句子说的是the rest comes directly from virgin fibre，强调的是后面的句子，所以前面的句子表示让步。

应该选A。

24．
A．function
B．quality
C．consequence
D．performance
正确答案：D
解析：本题测试词义搭配。

function意为“作用，功能”；quality意为“品质，性质”，指人的内在或特殊性质；consequence意为“结果，后果”，指一种行为或情况在逻辑上或自然而然产生的结果；performance意为“成就，成绩”，指工作成果。

后面句子说the world-wide average is 33 percent waste paper，而前面句子说的是45 out of every 100 tones of wood fibre comes from waste paper，说明这是一个不错的成就，所以应该选D。

25．
A．tidying
B．classifying
C．placing
D．selecting
正确答案：B
解析：本题测试词义搭配。

tidy意为“整理，收拾”，指使……井井有条；classify意为“分类，分等”，指根据门类、品种分门别类；place意为“安置，放置”，指把……放到某一特定的位置或地方；select意为“选择，挑选”，指从几个中选择出一个。

所填之词修饰schemes，并且应该与前面的waste paper collection的意思连贯，所以应该选B。

26．
A．given rise to
B．thrown light on
C．paved the way for
D．made use of
正确答案：C
解析：本题测试词组。

give rise to意为“导致，使发生”；throw light on意为“使明白，阐明”；pave the way for意为“为……铺平道路，为……做好准备”；make use of意为“利用，应用”。

所填之词的宾语是greater utilization of used fibre，根据前面的developing new recycling technologies可知，应该选C。

27．
A．As a result
B．In the end
C．All in all
D．In conclusion
正确答案：A
解析：本题测试短语。

as a result意为“因此”，表示结果；in the end意为“最后”，表示时间的先后：all in all意为“总体来说”，表示总结：in conclusion意为“总之”，表示总结。

前面句子说“开发新的再回收技术激发了造纸工业，而这些新技术为更广泛地利用旧纤维铺平了道路”，后面句子说的是“未来，旧纤维的回收利用可望增加一倍”，说明前后句子为因果关系，所以应该选A。

28．
A．consumes
B．consults
C．constructs
D．constitutes
正确答案：D
解析：本题测试词义搭配。

consume意为“消耗，消费”；consult意为“商量，咨询”；construct意为“建造，构造”，指通过装配或组合部件而构成；constitute 意为“构成，组成”，指构成……部分或成分。

句子的主语是waste paper，所填之词的宾语是70% of paper used for packaging，所以应该选D。

29．
A．inquired
B．required
C．resorted
D．indicated
正确答案：B
解析：本题测试词义搭配。

inquired意为“询问的，查究的”，指通过提问题打听的；required意为“必需的，必要的”，指必不可少的；resorted意为“诉诸的，求助的”，指进行求助的；indicated意为“指示的，显示的”，指表明道路或方向的。

所填之词与to remove ink from the paper搭配修饰technology，所以应该选B。

30．
A．contest
B．contact
C．content
D．contend
正确答案：C
解析：本题测试词义搭配。

contest意为“竞赛，竞争”，指竞争者之间为取得优势或胜利而进行的争夺；contact意为“接触，联系”，指与……来往；content 意为“比例，含量”，指特定物质的比例；contend意为“争斗，竞争”，是动词，指与困难相斗争。

higher recycled(循环的)修饰所填之词，所以应该选C。

31．
A．contribute
B．pay
C．award
D．reward
正确答案：A
解析：本题测试词义搭配。

contribute意为“贡献，捐献”，指为造成某一结果而作出贡献；pay意为“支付，交纳”，指因所提供的服务或商品而付给钱；award意为“奖励，授予”，指因优点或善行而给予；reward意为“酬劳，奖赏”，指为……给予奖赏。

句子的主语是the community，根据前面的achieve the benefits of recycling可知，应该选A。

32．
A．such as
B．just as
C．other than
D．for example
正确答案：D
解析：本题测试短语。

such as意为“比如”，通常用来列举同类例子，一般不用在句首；just as意为“正像”，指与……相同；other than意为“不同于”：for example意为“比如”，通常用来举例，在句子中的位置不受限制。

所填之词放在句中，所以应该选D。

33．
A．by
B．in
C．of
D．for
正确答案：C
解析：本题测试搭配。

of与名词搭配使用相当于形容词，其他选项没有这种
用法。

应该选C。

34．
A．encouraged
B．supported
C．defended
D．bred
正确答案：B
解析：本题测试词义搭配。

encourage意为“鼓励，激励”，指给……人以希望、勇气或信心等鼓舞：support意为“支持，维持”，指提供必要的帮助；defend 意为“保卫，防护”，指使安全或没危险：breed意为“抚养，教养”。

所填之词与后面的from the community搭配，根据前面的the community must also contribute 可知，应该选B。

35．
A．available
B．compatible
C．durable
D．negligible
正确答案：A
解析：本题测试词义搭配。

available意为“可得的，可用的”，指能得到的、可以利用的，通常与to搭配；compatible意为“一致的，协调的”，指可和谐共存的，通常与with搭配；durable意为“耐用的，持久的”；negligible意为“可以忽略的，不予重视的”。

所填之词与后面的to搭配使用，所以应该选A。

36．
A．compounds
B．compositions
C．mixtures
D．items
正确答案：D
解析：本题测试词义搭配。

compound意为“复合物，化合物”，指由两种或多种元素或部分构成的混合物；composition意为“合成物，组成物”，指合成的结果或产物；mixture意为“混合物，混合”，指通过混合生产的东西；item意为“产品，商品”。

所填之词指的是前面的“staples，paperclips，string(订书订、回形针、细绳)”，这些都是产品，所以应该选D。

37．
A．requests
B．needs
C．limitations
D．problems
正确答案：C
解析：本题测试词义搭配。

request意为“要求，请求”，通常与for搭配使用；need意为“需要，需求”，通常与for搭配使用；limitation意为“限制，局限性”，指允许或可能的最大或最小的金额、数量或范围，通常与to搭配使用；problem意为“问题，难题”。

根据后面的to the amount of paper可知，应该选C。

38．
A．in the form of
B．in the light of
C．in the case of
D．in the name of
正确答案：A
解析：本题测试短语。

in the form of意为“以……形式出现”；in the light of 意为“根据”；in the case of意为“就……来说”；in the name of意为“以……的名义”。

根据与paper与“books and permanent records，photographic paper”之间的联系可知，应该选A。

39．
A．materials
B．resources
C．substances
D．sources
正确答案：D
解析：本题测试词义搭配。

material意为“原料，材料”；resource意为“资源，财力”：substance意为“物质，实质”；source意为“来源”，指……形成、起源或取得的根本。

of paper for recycling修饰所填之词，根据后面的factories and retail stores可知，应该选D。

40．
A．to which
B．in which
C．by which
D．through which
正确答案：B
解析：本题测试语法。

所填之词引导定语从句修饰factories and retail stores，指的是地点，所以应该选B。

Section III Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark
your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Anyone who doubts that global financial markets control national economies need only look at the crisis facing the “tigers” of the Far East. Last year, the value of their currencies dropped rapidly, after investors decided that their economic policies were not strong enough; now the region is suffering slower growth, lower living standards and rising unemployment. The situation in Asia shows how power has shifted from individual governments to the markets. In theory, governments are free to set their own economic policies; in practice, they must conform to a global economic model or risk being penalized by the markets. Adjusting to this new “economic order” is proving difficult, in the developed world, and in particular the European Union, globalization is facing widespread public resistance. Critics complain that, without the protection of trade barriers, jobs are being lost to workers in poorer countries, and wages for employees in rich countries are falling. Opponents in the European Union point to the effects that globalization has had in the U.S. and Britain. In those countries, wages are stagnant--except for a few privileged--and taxes and welfare benefits have been reduced to help companies compete with industries in the developing world. Those in favor of globalization accuse their critics of being shortsighted protectionists. They claim that a more integrated global economy will ultimately benefit everyone because it will enable countries to specialize in those areas where they perform best. Developing countries, with their higher populations and lower wages, will concentrate on labor-intensive industries. The richer countries, on the other hand, will diversify into high-tech industries, where high productivity and specialist knowledge are paramount. The effect of this will be to improve productivity in all countries, leading to higher living standards. The free movement of capital will also help poorer countries develop so that they can play a full and active role in the world economy. But how close are we to a truly global economy? For those in favor of globalization, probably too close. But in terms of real economic integration, there are still many problems to be solved.
A global economy would mean complete freedom of movement of goods and services, capital, and labor. Yet, even ignoring the tariffs and other restrictions still in place, cross-border trade remains tiny as compared with the volume of goods and services traded within countries; foreign investment is also extremely small, amounting to little more than five percent of the developed world’s domestic investments. But what is really holding globalization back is the lack of labor mobility. Labor markets remain overwhelmingly national, even in areas like the European Union, where citizens can live and work in any EU country. The main reasons for this are language and cultural barriers; the lack of internationally recognized qualifications; and, in some cases, strict immigration controls.
41．The main reason why some Asian countries are suffering from economic depression is that they ______.
A．doubt that global financial markets will control national economies
B．fail to follow a global economic model adequately
C．have set their own free economic policies
D．have their power interfere with the markets
正确答案：B
解析：这是一道细节题。

题干中的信号词为economic depression，出自于文章第一段第一句话中。

文章第一段指出：任何怀疑“全球金融市场控制国家的经济需求”的人只要看一下远东的“四小虎”所面临的危机就可以知道是怎么回事了：去年，当投资者断定四小虎的经济政策不够有效后，这几个地区的货币就迅速贬值；如今，该地区的经济增长更缓慢，生活水平更低，失业人数上升。

第二段接着指出：理论上，政府可以自由制定自己的经济政策；但实际上，政府必须遵循全球经济模式，否则就要冒被市场惩罚的风险。

这说明，原因是这些国家没有遵循全球的经济模式。

B说“没有充分遵循全球的经济模式”，这与文章的意思相符。

文中没有说“一些亚洲国家怀疑全球金融市场将控制国家的经济”，所以A不是原因；文中是说“理论上，政府可以自由地制定自己的经济政策”，但这并不是亚洲国家正在遭遇经济危机的主要原因，所以C不对；文中没有提到D。

42．The main opposition to globalization is that ______.
A．taxes and welfare in the developed countries are reduced without protection of trade barriers
B．there are too great economic differences between rich and poor countries
C．globalization is beneficial to the developing countries only
D．high productivity and specialist knowledge are not suitable to labor-intensive industries
正确答案：A
解析：这是一道细节题。

题干中的信号词为opposition to globalization，出自于文章第三段第二句话中。

文章第三段指出：在发达国家，尤其是在欧盟，全球化遭到公众的普遍反对；批评者抱怨说，没有了贸易壁垒的保护，工作机会被让给穷国的工人，富裕国家工人的工资在减少。

这说明，反对经济全球化的主要理由是：没有了贸易壁垒的保护，税收和福利将被减少。

A说“没有贸易壁垒的保护，发达国家的税收和福利将被减少”，这与文章的意思相符。

文中没有提到B 和D。

文章第四段第二句话指出：一个更一体化的全球经济最终会给每个人带来好处，因为一体化的经济会使每个国家在其最擅长的领域实行专门化；这说明C 不对。

43．What does the sentence “wages are stagnant” (Paragraph 3) most probably mean?
A．Wages stop rising.
B．Wages are so high that there is no need to rise.
C．There is a pause in wages, but they will soon rise.
D．Wages begin to fall.
正确答案：A
解析：这是一道词义题。

题干中的信号词出自于文章第三段最后一句话中。

文章第三段最后两句话指出：欧盟的反对人士提到了全球化给美国和英国带来的
影响；在这两个国家，除了少数特权阶层，工资水平徘徊不前，税收和福利已经减少，以便帮助国内企业与发展中国家的企业竞争。

这说明，该句话最可能的意思应该是“工资没有增长”。

A说“工资停止了增长”，这与文章的意思相符。

B 明显与文章的意思不符；文中没有提到工资将会增长，所以C不对；D不准确。

44．The word “paramount” (Paragraph 4) may be replaced by ______.
A．vital
B．more important
C．less important
D．similar
正确答案：A
解析：这是一道词义题。

题干中的信号词出自于文章第四段第四句话中。

文章第四段指出：由于人口更多，工资更低，发展中国家将集中发展劳动密集型产业；相反，更富裕的国家可以发展多种高新技术产业，这些产业中，高生产率、专业化知识是极为重要的；其结果将是提高全球所有国家的生产率，导致人民的生活水平更高。

这说明，该单词最可能的意思应该是“极为重要的”。

A说“至关重要的”，这与文章的意思相符。

该单词所在的句子并不是在比较，所以B不对；C与文章的意思相反；D不准确。

45．The author suggests in the passage that in order to realize a truly global economy, great efforts should be made in all the following aspects EXCEPT ______.
A．elimination of language and cultural barriers
B．permission of free labor mobility
C．increase in the volume of goods and services traded beyond border
D．reduction of tariffs and loosening of other restrictions
正确答案：A
解析：这是一道推论题。

题干中的信号词为a truly global economy，出自于文章第五段第一句话中。

文章第五段指出：谈到真正的经济一体化，仍然有许多问题有待解决；全球化经济意味着商品、服务、资本以及劳动力可以完全自由流动；不过，即使忽略关税和其他仍然恰当的限制，但是，与国内商品和服务的交易额相比，跨国的贸易额仍然很小；外国的投资也非常少，不到发达国家国内投资的5%。

由此可知，B、C和D都是实现经济全球化应该付出的努力。

文中提到language and cultural barriers时说“劳动力市场主要还是受各国政府的控制，其中的主要原因是语言和文化障碍”，而这是造成劳动力不能自由流动的原因，不是实现经济全球化应该付出的努力，所以A不对。

Male chauvinism--the attitude that women are the passive and inferior servants of society and of men--sets women apart from the rest of the working class. Even when they do the same work as men, women are not considered workers in the same sense, with the need and right to work to provide for their families or to support themselves independently. They are expected to accept work at lower wages and without job security. Thus they can be used as a marginal or reserve labor force when
profits depend on extra low costs or when men are needed for war. Women are not supposed to be independent, so they are not supposed to have any “right to work”. This means, in effect, that although they do work, they are denied the right to organize and fight for better wages and conditions. Thus the role of women in the labor force undermines the struggles of male workers as well. The boss can break a union drive by threatening to hire lower paid women or blacks. In many cases, where women are organized, the union contract reinforces their inferior position, making women the least loyal and militant union members. (Standard Oil workers in San Francisco recently paid the price of male supremacy. Women at Standard Oil have the least chance for advancement and decent pay, and the union has done little to fight this. Not surprisingly, women formed the core of the back to work move that eventually broke the strike.) In general, because women are defined as docile, helpless, and inferior, they are forced into the most demeaning and mind rotting jobs--from scrubbing floors to filing cards--under the most oppressive conditions where they are treated like children or slaves. Their very position reinforces the idea, even among the women themselves, that they are fit for and should be satisfied with this kind of work. Apart from the direct, material exploitation of women, male supremacy acts in more subtle ways to undermine class consciousness. The tendency of male workers to think of themselves primarily as men (i.e., powerful) rather than as workers (i. e., members of an oppressed group) promotes a false sense of privilege and power, and an identification with the world of men, including the boss. The petty dictatorship which most men exercise over their wives and families enables them to vent their anger and frustration in a way which poses no challenge to the system. The role of the man in the family reinforces aggressive individualism, authoritarianism, and a hierarchical view of social relations--values which are fundamental to the perpetuation (不朽) of capitalism. In this system we are taught to relieve our fears and frustrations by brutalizing those weaker than we are: a man in uniform turns into a pig; the foreman intimidates the man on the line; the husband beats his wife, child, and dog.
46．Unfair working status of women also produces negative effects on men in that ______.
A．men face the threat of being replaced by low wage women
B．men have to deal with women’s complaints all the time
C．women’s low income often irritate their husbands
D．women’s inferior working condition worries their husbands
正确答案：A
解析：这是一道细节题。

文章第二段指出：女性在劳动力中的角色也破坏了男性工人的斗争，老板可以通过雇佣薪水更低的女性或黑人瓦解工会行动。

这说明，男性工人有可能被薪水更低的女性或黑人取代。

A说“男性面临被低薪女性取代的危险”，这与文章的意思符合。

B、C和D都与文章的意思不符。

47．The failure of the strike of Standard Oil workers shows that ______.
A．when women are involved, strikes are bound to fail
B．passive women involvement in strikes makes success unlikely
C．women are not often firm enough in organized strikes
D．most women are loyal and militant members of work unions
正确答案：B
解析：这是一道细节题。

题干中的信号词为Standard Oil workers，出自于文章第二段最后括号里。

文章第二段后半部分指出：工会的条约强化了女性的低下地位，使得女性成为工会中最不忠诚和最没有战斗力的工会成员；标准石油的女性获得提升和加薪的机会最小，而工会对此没有采取什么措施；不足为奇的是，女性成为回去工作的员工的核心，这最终导致罢工失败。

这说明，不忠诚和没有战斗力的女性成员参加的罢工不可能得到成功。

B说“消极的女性参与罢工不可能获得成功”，这与文章的意思符合。

文中没有提到A和C；D与文章的意思相反。

48．Many women also think they deserve oppressive jobs because ______.
A．they are taught by society to believe so
B．their husbands do not expect them to have better jobs
C．their poor conditions strengthen their mental acceptance
D．they gradually begin to love those jobs they do
正确答案：C
解析：这是一道细节题。

文章第三段指出：由于女性被定义成温顺、无助和低下的性别，所以她们被迫在最令人难以忍受的环境中做最卑下、最腐蚀思想的工作；正是她们的这种状况强化了这样的观念——她们适合做这种工作，也应该满足于这种工作，甚至女性自己也这样认为。

这说明，原因是她们的状况强化了她们的观念。

C说“她们的恶劣环境强化了她们的思想认同感”，这与文章的意思符合。

文中没有提到A和B；D明显与文章的意思不符合。

49．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.
A．male workers are often treated as men instead of workers in companies
B．males’ anger and frustration are posing serious threat to our present system C．it is quite natural for males to beat their wives, children and dogs for no reason
D．males’ dominating role in families eventually helps the stability of capitalist system
正确答案：D
解析：这是一道推理题。

题干中的信号词为the last paragraph，也就是文章的最后一段。

文章最后一段指出：男性在家庭中的角色强化了极端个人主义、独裁主义以及社会关系的等级观念——这些价值观对资本主义的永存是至关重要的。

由此可知，D“男性在家庭的主宰地位最终有助于资本主义制度的稳定”与文章的意思符合。

A是文中明确指出的，所以不对：B与文章的意思不符合；文中没有提到C。

50．The best title for this passage might be ______.。