2017年6月四级三套卷-翻译核心词汇解析

【套卷一】
①长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。

②长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。

③长江流域(river basin)居住着中国三分之一的人口。

④长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。

⑤长江三角洲(delta)产出多达20%的中国国民生产总值。

⑥几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。

⑦长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。

【核心表达】
多种不同的生态系统：a wide array of ecosystems
栖息地：habitat
濒危物种：endangered species
起着很大的作用：plays a(n)
important/large/significant/essential role
in/act as/function as
国民生产总值：GNP(Gross National Product)
GDP (gross domestic production)
被用于供水、运输和工业生产: be used for water
supply/irrigation, transportation and industrial production
世界上最大的水电站: the largest hydro-power station in the
world
【套卷二】
珠江是华南第一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。

珠江三角洲是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11，000平方公里。

它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。

珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。

上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。

Two commas 1,000,000
【核心表达】
珠江：The Pearl River/The Zhujiang River
长江：The Yangtze River/The Changjiang River
黄河：The Yellow River/The Huanghe River
流经：flows through/across
平方公里：square kilometers
上世纪70年代末：in the late 1970s
中国改革开放以来：since the reform and opening up
主要经济区域: major/leading economic regions
制造中心: manufacturing centers
三角洲 delta
【套卷三】
黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。

“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。

黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。

黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。

黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。

然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。

在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。

【核心表达】
亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流：ranks the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world
发源于....流经....最后注入....：originates from .... flows through ...., and finally pours/empty into ...
是....也是.... not only... but also.../not merely....but...
最繁荣的地区: the most prosperous region
由于：owing to /due to/ out of /because of
极具破坏力的: devastating/destructive
洪水频发: frequent floods
【试题一】
珠江是华南第一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。

珠江三角洲(delta)是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11,000平方公里。

它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。

珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。

上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。

【译文】
The Pearl River, the largest river in southern China, flows
through Guangzhou City and is China's third longest river, second only to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The Pearl River Delta is one of the most developed regions in China, covering an area of about 11,000 square kilometers. It is also the largest city gathering area in terms of the area and population. The nine largest cities in the Pearl River Delta have a population of more than 57 million. Since the reform and opening up in the late 1970s, the Pearl River Delta has become one of the major economic regions and manufacturing centers both in China and in the whole world.
【解析】
①珠江是华南第一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。

The Pearl River, the largest river in southern China, flows throughs Guangzhou City and is China's third long river, second only to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River.
句法方面：这句话里面有四个动词：第一个“是”不翻，处理为同位语
the largest river in southern China;第二个动词“流经”和第三个动词“是”用谓语动词处理，这两个谓语动词可以选用比较不容易出错的并列连词and连接;“次于”翻译为形容词短语翻译即可second to。

词汇方面：“珠江”如果翻译不出，可以用音译法，译为the Zhujiang River;“流经”flows across, 如果写flows through不是很好，through一般表示三维立体的穿过，across表示平面的穿过，更贴切。

②珠江三角洲(delta)是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11,000平方公里。

句法方面：前半句主系表结构很容易，这种“之一”的句式四级已经考过很多了，后半句可以用非谓语动词covering引出面积，也可以用介词短语with引出，with an area of about 11,000 square kilometers.
词汇方面：平方公里square kilometers，大家不要用数学的符号;“约”不要漏译，也可以译为around, approximately, nearly等
③它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。

句法方面：主句用个主系表结构翻译;“在面积和人口方面”是状语，用介词短语 with regard to/ in terms of / when it comes to 或者用最简单的in，并放置到句尾即可。

词汇方面：城市聚集区比较陌生，但是各个词不难，用直译法翻译即可city gathering area。

④珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。

The nine largest cities in the Pearl River Delta have a population of more than 57 million.
句法方面：主谓宾的简单句，“珠江三角洲”作“九个最大城市”的定语，用介词短语后置翻译
词汇方面：5,700万相当于57个百万，所以译为57 million，million后不可以加“s”;此外，不要漏译“多”more than。

此类数字的翻译在历年真题中出现多次。

⑤上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。

句法方面：虽然句子较长，但是大家只找到一个动词“成为”，因此该句也用主系表结构翻译即可。

句子长只是因为有较多的状语和定语。

另外还需要注意的是主句谓语动词的时态，宜选用完成时态has become，搭配状语since the reform and opening up in the late 1970s,使用
词汇方面：时间词，上世纪70年代末，译为in the late 1970s;特色词，改革开放the reform and opening up;经济区域和制造中心，注意“经济”和“制造”的词性，不要用economy和manufacture。

本三套试卷内容均为地理常识，整体难度较难，句子较为复杂，单词难度也较高。

需要同学扎实的英语基本功，并且熟练应用定语从句等语法点。

以长江一篇为例：长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。

The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and the third longest river around the world.
考点解析：考查最高级的表达，单词较简单。

词汇方面：亚洲，Asia
长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。

The Yangtze River flows through a variety of different ecosystems, serving as a habitat of many endangered species and irrigating one fifth of the land in China.
考点解析：句子较为复杂，考查了定语从句及非谓语动词的使用，单词也较难，考查了学生的综合实力。

词汇方面：生态系统，ecosystem，濒危物种，endangered species，灌溉，irrigate 长江流域居住着中国三分之一的人口。

长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。

The Yangtze River Basin is home to one third of Chinese population, which plays a significant role on Chinese history, culture and economy.
考点解析：考查了定语从句及介词短语的使用，单词较为常见。

词汇方面：居住着，be home to，起作用，plays a role on
长江三角洲产出多达20%的中国国民生产总值。

The Yangtze River Delta produces up to twenty percent of China's gross national product.
考点解析：百分之二十的表达和国民生产总值的翻译较为有难度。

词汇方面：20%，twenty percent，国民生产总值，gross national product
几千年来，长江一直被用于供水，运输和工业生产。

长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。

For thousands of years, the Yangtze River that located the largest hydro power station of the world has been taken advantages of water supply, transportation and industrial production.
考点解析：句子较长，考查定语从句的应用以及现在完成时的使用。

单词较难。

词汇方面：供水，water supply，运输，transportation，工业生产，industrial production
沪江英语版
四级长江卷
①长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。

②长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。

③长江流域（river basin）居住着中国三分之一的人口。

④长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。

⑤长江三角洲（delta）产出多达20%的中国国民生产总值。

⑥几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。

⑦长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。

The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia. It is also the third longest river in the world. It flows through many kinds of biological systems. Many endangered species live there. It also waters one fifth of China’s land. One third of China’s population live in the Yangtze River basin. It plays an important role in China’s history, culture and economy. About 20% of China’s GNP comes from the Yangtze River delta. Over thousands of years, the Yangtze River is used for water supply(ing), transportation and industrial production. The largest hydro-power station is also on the Yangtze River.
The Yangtze River is the longest river in Asia and ranks third in the world. It flows through a variety of eco-systems and becomes a habitat for many endangered species. Moreover, the Yangtze River also irrigates one fifth of China’s farmland, and the Yangtze River basin resides one third of China’s population and plays an essential/indispensable role in China’s history, culture and economy. The Yangtze River delta accounts for as much as20% of China’s GNP. For thousands of years, the Yangtze River has always been used for/has been serving such functions as water supply, transportation and industrial production. it also settles the world’s largest hydro-power station.
四级珠江卷
①珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。

②珠江三角洲是中国最发达的地区之一，面积约11，000平方公里。

③它在面积和人口方面也是世界上最大的城市聚集区。

④珠江三角洲九个最大城市共有5,700多万人口。

⑤上世纪70年代末中国改革开放以来，珠江三角洲已成为中国和世界主要经济区域和制造中心之一。

The Pearl River is a major river system in south China. It flows through Guangzhou. It is the third longest river in China, only shorter than the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The Pearl River delta is one of the most developed areas in China. It is as big as 11,000 square kilometers. It is the largest gathering of cities in size and population. There are 57 million people in nine major cities on the Pearl River delta. Since China’s reform and opening-up in the late 1970s, the Pearl River delta has become one of China’s and world’s major economic areas and manufacturing centers.
The Pearl River, China’s third longest river is a major river system in Southern China and flows through the city of Guangzhou second only to the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. As the densest region of cities and population in world and one of China’s most developed areas, the Pearl River delta covers an extent of about 11,000 square kilometers and resides more than 57 million people in top 9 largest cities in this area. Since China’s reform and opening-up in the late 1970s, the Pearl River delta has become one of the major economic regions and manufacturing centers in China and even in the world.
四级黄河卷
①黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。

②“黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。

③黄河发源于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。

④黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。

⑤黄河流域（river basin）是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。

⑥然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。

⑦在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。

简单版：
The Yellow River is Asia’s third longest and world’s sixth longest river. The word “yellow”describes the color of its unclear water. The Yellow River originates from Qinghai, flowing through nine provinces, and flows into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River is one of the rivers that China lives on. The Yellow River basin is the birthplace of Chinese ancient civilization and is the most prosperous area in early Chinese history. However, the Yellow River had caused a number of disasters because of the extremely destructive floods that happened frequently. Over the past decades, the government has taken all kinds of measures to prevent disasters from happening.。