吉林省吉林市第一中学校高中英语Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsS

Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
Section I Warming up and Reading
一、课前预习
I. 词义配对
1. violent A. one thousand million
2. unlike B. the scientific study of the sun, moon, stars , planets etc.
3. fundamental C. very strong and sudden
4. chain D. the belief in the existence of a god
5. billion E. make sth. increase very much in number or amount
6. religion F. to be real, to be present in a place or situation
7. astronomy G. differe nt from a particular person or thing
8. multiply H. a series of connected things or people
9. puzzle I. make sb. feel confused
10. exist J. central, forming the necessary basis of sth.
II．重点短语
1. 绕太阳转 ____________________________________
2. 广泛接受的理论 ____________________________________
3. 一团灰尘 ____________________________________
4. 是生命发展的基础 ____________________________________
5. 连锁反应____________________________________
6. 产生、分娩 ____________________________________
7. 下蛋 ____________________________________
8. 轮到某人 ____________________________________
9. 阻遏、避免 ____________________________________
10. 生命的起源 ____________________________________
III．重点句型
1. No one knows exactly how the earth began , ______ _______ ______ so long ago.
没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始的，正如同很久之前所发生的一样。

2. For several billion years after the “Big Bang” , the earth was still just _______
_______ _______ _________.
在“大爆炸”以后的几十亿年，地球仍仅仅是一团灰尘。

3. Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but _______ _______ _______ , it had disappeared later.
水也出如今像火星一样的其他行星上，但是不像在地球那样，它后来消逝了。

4. Thus they have, ______ _______ _______, become the most important animals on the planet.
因而，又轮到它们成为行星上最重要的动物。

5.They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which _____ ____ _____ ______ _____ the earth into space.
他们给大气层投放太多的二氧化碳，阻遏了热量从地球上升到太空当中。

二、重难点剖析
1. No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.
没有人确切知道地球是如何开始的，正如同很久之前所发生的一样。

本句是一个复杂的主从复合句。

主句中包含how引导的宾语从句和由as引导的方式状语从句。

(1)as 引导方式状语从句，译为：“按照……;如同……”
Do in Rome as the Romans do. 入乡顺俗。

He is a good boy and he always act as his mother tells him to.
这个男孩是个好孩子，总是按照妈妈告诉他做的做。

(2)as 还可引导定语从句，译为：“正如……”, “像……”, 引导限制性定语从句时，
必须与so, such, as, the same 连用；引导非限制性定语从句时，所指代的不是其前的某个名词或代词，而是这个句子，或者句子的一部分内容。

As在定于从句中，充当主语、宾语、表语。

He is not such a fool as he looks. 他不像他表面看起来那样傻。

As everybody knows, the earth circles around the sun. 人人皆知，地球绕太阳转。

(3)as 还可引导其他从句，如：工夫状语从句，译为：“随着……”; 缘由状语从句，
译为：“由于……”
As time goes on, he grows wiser and wiser. 随着工夫的流逝，他越来越聪明。

As he didn’t get ready for that, we went without him.
由于他未能做好预备，我们没等他就走了。

(4)as 引导让步状语从句，译为：“尽管……”
Old as that man is, he is as energetic and active as young men.
那位先生虽年岁很大，却和年轻人一样有活力，精力旺盛。

归纳总结：
⑴as 引导定语从句，限制性和非限制性均可，但特别留意在所引导的非限制性定
于从句中，所指代的是这个句子或者句子的一部分内容，可以放在句首或者句中。

(2）as 引导各种状语从句：工夫、缘由、方式、让步。

引导让步状语从句时，特别留意从句的语序：需求把从句中的表语或状语提到as 前面，其他不变。

(3) as 引导方式状语从句时，从句有时可以运用省略结构。

(1) T oday he was also the first to come to school, ______is often the case.
(2) _______time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be right.
(3) Hard _______ he worked , he still failed at last.
(4) You must show the poor the same respect _______you show your parents. 2. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
随后它会变成甚么没人能知道，指点38-45忆年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地构成一个固体的球
状物。

本句是一个复合句，含有what it was to become 的主语从句，until…的工夫状语从句,和when the dust settled into a solid globe 的定语从句。

主语从句中的 was to become 表示“将要变成的”
Be 和不定式连用，表示：
(1)后来将发生的事，或者不可避免将要发生的事。

As a young man, he didn’t know he was to become famous.
年轻时，他根本就不知道将会成名。

(2)按计划或安排要发生的事或打算做的事
I am to see him today at 6 p.m. 我打算今晚六点见他。

(3)该做或不该做的事（相当于should, must, have to）
You are not to smoke in this room. 这个房间你不可以吸烟。

(4)能不能发生的事（相当于can, may）
Not a cloud was to be seen. 一片乌云也看不见。

(5) 用于条件从句中，“如果想……, 想象……”
This question is fundamental if students are to show that they understand the nature of astronomy.
如果先生们想要表现出他们明白宇宙的本质，那么这个成绩就是个基本成绩。

即境活用：
（1） They were in time to produce carbon , nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which _____ _____ ______ the earth’s atmosphere.( 后来将构成 make)
(2 ) Every one of you ____ _____ _____ at school by 7 every morning. (该当到达arrive)
（3） If you _____ ______ ______more progress in English, you have to remember
50 words a day for at least two months from mow on. (想要取得make)
三、易错易混知识点
1. in time; on time; at a time; at one time
in time 毕竟，及时，节奏（正确）
on time 按时，准时，误点，（分期）付款
at a time 一次
at one time 曾有段工夫，同时（做某事）
即境活用：
（1) The doctor came _______ to save his life.
（2) _________ you'll forget him.
（3) Afraid that I couldn’t finish up the work _______, they came to help me （4) This medicine should be taken one ______ and three times a day.
（5）They were good friends _______ in school, but now they become enemies.
2. prevent…from; protect…from
prevent…from… 阻遏，预防……相当于stop…from; keep…from…
protect…from… 保护……
即境活用：
(1) Nothing can ______us ________(go) there on holiday this summer.
(2) A raincoat can ______ you _______(get) wet on rainy days.
(3) At last that boy _________________ (do) that silly thing by his classmates.
四、课后自测
（一）基础知识自测
I. 单词拼写
1. In our solar s___________ eight planets circle around the sun.
2. After the “Big Bang”, the earth was still a cloud of dust for b_________ of
years.
3. The fire and rock were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other
gases, which was to make the earth’s a____________.
4. Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but u_________ the earth, it
had disappeared later.
5. Without water and o_________, nothing on the earth could survive.
6. The earth became so _________(剧烈) that it was not clear whether the shape could
last or not.
7. What scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth
to dissolve _______(有害的) gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
8. The first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.
Later they _________(繁衍添加) and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen.
9. They laid eggs too and __________(存在) on the earth for more than 140 million
years.
10 According to a widely accepted _________(理论)，the universe began with a “Big
Bang .”
II. 用所给短语的正确方式填空
in time, a cloud of dust, protect…from, be fundamental to, be harmful to,
lay eggs , in one’s turn, give birth to, multiply…by
1. In summer she is used to wearing her sunglasses _____ ______her eyes _______the
sun.
2. Stick to your theory and I believe you will surely gain success _________.
3. Seven _______ _______ seven makes forty-nine.
4. Some mammals give birth to their young by _____________.
5. He was walking on the road when suddenly a car rushed by, raising ____________.
6. In class the students answered the teacher’s questions _____ ______ .
7. Unlike human beings, rabbits can _____ ______ ______ seven to ten babies at
a birth.
8. We all know that water and oxygen _____________the development of life.
9. We human beings do something ___________our environment, causing lots of
pollution.
10. Thus, ___________, the environment no longer provides us humans with good
farmland to grow crops on, causing some to starve.
（二）能力提升自测
I. 单项填空
1. Mammals _________when animals harmful to them disappeared.
A. multiplied
B. lessened
C. existed
D. spread
2. Reptiles produced young generally by _______eggs.
A. lying
B. lied
C. laying D
3.Because of the sudden change of the weather, the dinosaurs were unable to
_______themselves
________ altogether.
A. protect, against disappeared
B. keep, becoming extinct
C. prevent, from being died out
D. stop, from disappearing
4. Next green plants began to grow on _____land. They were followed in ______time
by land animals.
A. the, the
B. a, /
C. /, /
D. /, a
5. Everyone should show respect for our parents and try to do all for them. After
all, we _________by our mothers.
A. gave birth to them
B. were given birth
C. were born
D. were given
birth to
6. As the rocket rose into the air, we were_______ back into the seats because we
were trying to escape the ______of the earth’s gravity.
A. pushed, pull
B. pulled, push
C. pulled, pull
D. pushed
7. __________you have begun to do this work, you should be devoted to it heart and
soul.
A. Although
B. For
C. Now that
D. As song as
8. I travelled to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many
businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A. as
B. which
C. when
D. though
9. _________, Carolina couldn’t get the door open.
A. Try as she might
B. As she might try
C. She might as try
D. Might
she as try
10. ______in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of
your email account.
A．What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires
11. _____fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural
differences from one aspect.
A. What
B. That
C. This
D. Which
12. Yesterday I got up late, but I was just _________the date.
A. on time to
B. in time for
C. with time at
D. in time to
13. Once, there, in that small village, ________a big bell. But now it is gone.
A. happened
B. came
C. stood
D. existed
14. Within weeks , his confidence _______throughout the whole class.
A. multiplied
B. spread
C. affected
D.
effected
15. __________smoking does great harm to health, my doctor advises me to give it
up.
A. As
B. For
C. That
D. Thus
II. 完成句子，根据汉语意思用上括号中所给的词汇或短语完成句子。

1. With the living areas and food increasing, pandas ______ _______ very fast ,
reaching over 1000 so far. (multiply)
随着栖居地和食品的添加，熊猫添加的很快，目前达到1000多只。

2. It is ______ _____ _____ _____ ______; he is usually on time. (unlike )
迟到不是他的模样，他总是很守时的。

3. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and
this _______________more problems.( in turn)
人们尽量自驾车来避免公共交通耽搁，结果反过来构成更多的成绩。

4. No one can _______ him _____ _______ his own dream. (prevent…from)
无人能够阻遏他去完成梦想。

（三）智能拓展训练
I.完形填空
The trip to that city was eye-opening for everyone, and near its end , all the
young people in our group began to reflect on what it had meant. We __21__ the first
night we had arrived. We had all gone into the markets of the city __22__ the young
people could experience its energy. But what we actually saw simply 23 us all
–the rundown houses, the children in rags, the people begging for money… Walking
home, 24 under a low bridge, w e came across 25 families of homeless people
seeking a bit of dry ground to sleep on 26 the night. We had to step over bodies
as we found our way through the darkness.
The poverty(贫困) was 27 than anything my young companions had ever imagined.
Back in the hotel, an air of sadness settled over the group. Many 28 and cried.
Spending time in this 29 moves a person to care about humanity.
That evening, our group spent hours talking about what we had 30 . Gently,
I encouraged everyone to talk about the difficult 31 that day’s discoveries had
inspired. Sitting together 32 a circle as everyone had a chance to speak, we all
began to realize that 33 of us was alone in our struggle to cope with our
reactions.
Based on my 34 in poverty-stricken areas, I suggested that 35 the
emotions we had were painful, they could also be important in helping us to move
forward. We all 36 that we had seen things that should never be allowed to happen.
37 , what could we do about it? Together, we began to brainstorm ways we could
help to ease the 38 we had seen. As I encouraged group members to focus on 39
they could do, a sense of determination 40 the previous sadness. Instead of
despair, these young people began to feel a call to action.
21．A．put up with B．got back to C．looked back on D．made up for
22．A．now that B．so that C．as if D．even if
23．A．puzzled B．annoyed C．embarrassed D．shocked 24．A．marching B．running C．passing D．moving
25．A．entire B．normal C．average D．general 26．A．beyond B．with C．till D．for
27．A．stronger B．deeper C．worse D．less
28．A．gave up B．broke down C．set off D．held o n 29．A．environment B．hotel C. house D．background
30．A．inspected B．attempted C．witnessed D．challenged 31．A．feelings B．decisions C．thoughts D．impressions 32．A．along B．around C．by D．in
33．A．neither B．either C．none D．each
34．A．experiences B．schedules C．data D．position 35．A．once B．while C．since D．unless 36．A．supposed B．advised C．confirmed D．agreed
37．A．Surely B．Rather C．Now D．Indeed
38．A．burden B．suffering C．anxiety D．difficulty
39．A．how B．where C．what D．when
40．A．replaced B．changed C．covered D．improved
II．单句改错
1.The universe began as a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.
2.Unlikely the earth, water disappeared later.
ter when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared the first time.
4.They produced young generally by lying eggs.
5.They gave a birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.
6.The earth became so violently that it was clear whether the shape would last
or not.
7.Next green plants began to grow on land. They were followed on time by land
animals.
8.Because of too much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat is prevented escaping
from the earth into space.
9.Many millions of years later, the first extreme small plants began to appear
on the surface of the water.
10.The so-called “Big Bang” threw matters in all directions. After that, atoms
began to form.
Module 3 Unit4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
Section I Warming up and Reading
一、课前预习
I. 词义配对
1. C
2. G
3.J
4. H
5.A
6. D
7. B
8.E
9.I 10. F
II．重点短语
1. circle around the sun
2. a widely accepted theory
3. a cloud of dust
4. be fundamental to the development of life
5. a chain reaction
6. give birth to
7. lay eggs
8. in one’s turn
9. prevent…from 10. the origin of life
III．重点句型
1. as it happened
2. a cloud of dust
3. unlike the earth
4. in their turn
5. prevents heat from escaping from
二、重难点剖析
1. (1) as (2) As (3) as (4) as
2.(1) was to make (2) is to be/arrive (3) are to make
三、易错易混知识点
1. (1)in time (2) In time (3) on time (4) at a time (5) at one time
(4) add up these numbers
2. (1)prevent…(from) going (2) protect…from getting (3) was prevented from doing
四、课后自测
（一）基础知识自测
I. 1. system 2. billions 3.atmosphere 4.unlike 5. oxygen
6.violent
7. harmful
8. multiplied
9. existed 10. theory
II. 1. to protect…from 2. in time 3. multiplied by 4. laying eggs 5. a cloud of dust
6. in turn
7. give birth to
8. are fundamental to
9. harmful to 10. in its turn
（二）能力提升自测
I. 单项填空
1. A. 考查动词辨析。

spread指“蔓延，传播”，lessen指“减少”；exist指“存在”从意义上指“迅速添加”，故选A。

2. C. 考查动词辨析。

lying 是lie的如今分词，指“躺着，平放，位于”是不及物动词, laying 是lay 的如今分词，指“下蛋，放置”是及物动词。

根据句子中的介词by 后面需求跟V-ing , 故选C。

3. D. 考查短语辨析。

protect…from/against 保护… ，prevent/stop…from 阻遏、避免…, keep…doing 保持……不断…….。

根据句子意义和句子结构，因而选择D。

4. C. 考查冠词的用法。

land 是“陆地”此处不是“土地”，因而前不用冠词。

后空是固定短语。

5. D. 考查短语：give birth to，意为“消费，生下”；该题干扰项最大的是C项，但bear 的过去分词有不同方式，而且用法不同。

born 只能做表语，而不能用于被动语态当中。

故选D。

6. A. 考查动词辨析。

push 与pull 是一对互反义词， push 是“推”, pull 是“拉”。

7. C. 考查连词的用法。

根据句意的逻辑关系，“既然工作曾经开始了，就该当全心全意地投入进去。

”故选择C。

for 引导缘由时是并列连词，不能放句首。

8. A. 考查连词的用法。

根据句意和逻辑关系，可知，许多生意人也是这样，故as 可以表示此用法，选择A。

9. A. 考查状语从句。

as 引导让步状语从句时必须把从句中的表语或者状语提到as 前面，或者有时把动词提到as 的前面。

该从句不是：主系表或者主谓状结构，因而只能把动词原形提到前面，故选择A。

10. C. 考查主语从句的用法。

该句型是：It is required that…,其中it 是方式主语，
后面的that 从句是真实的主语从句，故选择C。

11. B . 考查主语从句的用法。

该句中的谓语是：may reflect ，宾语是: the cultural
difference…,前面的fashion differs from country to country是主语从句，从句内容残缺，不缺少成分，故只需求一个起连接作用的连词来引导，选择B。

12. B. 考查短语： in time for 及时赶上了……, 故选择B。

13. D. 考查动词辨析。

happen 碰巧，发生，是不及物动词，如果用于there+be 句型中，
该当是: There happen to be+主语； come 来，不及物动词。

stand 站立，矗立，不及物动词 exist 存在。

根据句意，那个小山村曾有个大铃铛，但如今不见了。

故选择D。

14. A. 考查动词辨析。

spread 蔓延，分布；affect 影响，感染。

multiply 添加，繁衍，
乘。

根据句意可知：几周之内，他的自信很快遍布全班。

故选择B. spread的过去式与原形相反。

15. A .考查连词的用法。

As 引导缘由状语从句，句意表达的是：由于吸烟有害健康，故医
生建议我戒烟。

For 也能够用来表示缘由，但不能放句首。

II. 完成句子
A.has multiplied
B.unlike him to be late
C.in turn causes
D.prevent him (from)achieving(realizing, living)
（三）智能拓展训练
I.完形填空
21. C.考察动词短语。

根据该篇首句中的reflect on what it meant可知，采用倒叙手法，
叙说旅行，故选择C :回顾，回首
22. B.考察逻辑关系。

根据句意：我们到该城市的市场目的是去感受......，因而选择B。

23. D.根据后面的rundown houses, children in rags, people begging for money...
可知，他们在市场上所见到的使他们震惊。

故选择D。

24. C.根据前面的walking home, 后面的came across ...此处是：经过一座低矮的桥梁，
故选择C。

25. A.考察描述词辨析。

根据逻辑，一家一家的的无家可归的人们寻觅可过夜睡觉的干地。

故选择A， entire 表示：完全的，残缺的。

其他描述词不合句意。

26. D.该句是接上文，他们在寻觅一块干燥一点的空地目的是过夜，故选择D ,表示目的。

27. C.考察描述词比较级。

上面所见到的种种景象阐明：贫穷远比他们曾想象的要蹩脚的多，故选择C 。

28. B.考察动词短语。

由于生活艰苦，许多人身体垮掉了，哭泣着。

break down 指：身体
垮掉，机器等坏了等
29. A.考查名词。

全部上面叙说所见到的恶劣的环境和人们所处的形状，因而选择A.
30. C.考查动词。

当天凌晨，我们花了几个小时都在议论白天所见到的种种，由此我们想办
法帮助那些贫苦的人们。

故选择C， witness 目击的意思。

31. A.考查名词。

根据上文，我们次要谈感想，即对所见所闻所产生的感想。

A符合句意，
故选择A。

其他 decision决定 thought 思想 impression印象，不合题意。

32. D.考查介词搭配。

围坐一圈，表达：站圈，排队等都运用介词in。

33. C.考查代词。

我们都不是孤单一人，故选择C。

34. A.考查名词。

根据我在贫困地区的“经历” ，故选择A。

35. B.考查连词。

根据题意：虽然这类情感很苦楚，然而却能够激励我们向前。

故选择B，
while 放句首可用来引导让步状语从句。

36. D.考查动词辨析。

根据句意，我们都分歧赞同：这类情况不再能发生了。

故选择D。

37.C. 考查副词。

下文是“我们该当怎样做来帮助他们呢？故选择C。

38. B.考查名词。

我们开始想办法来减轻他们所受的苦难。

故选择B。

39.C.考查连词。

根据句意，我们聚焦于能做之事，该从句缺少do 的宾语，故选择C。

40. A.考查动词。

表示早先的悲伤，悲伤曾经被我们一种意志取代了，即我们不在沉湎于伤
叹，而是决心做点理论事情来帮助那些需求帮助之人。

故选择A。

II．单句改错
1. as----with
2. Unlikely---Unlike
3. 在appeared 后面加for
4.lying---laying
5. 去掉a
6. violently---violent
7. 后半句中的on---in
8. prevented后加from
9. extreme---extremely 10. matters---matter。