英语的句型结构完整版

英语的句型结构
美国老师如何讲解句型的。

特点：1、不按我们中国人的分类标准来划分句型
2、把句型种类绝对简单化
英语所有的句型结构，无非可划分为四种：
I. 简单句（Simple sentence ）主语+谓语+
宾语
I love my Mom.
I go to school everyday.
( 简单句未免太小儿科了, 不能代表一个成年人的思维水平. 这就是为什么我们很少见到大量的简单句出现)
II. 复合句（Compound Sentence ）
And,but,or,so,for
Beijing is in the North and Nanjing is
in the South.
( 特点：Whentwo independent clauses, or complete sentences are joined together,
they form one compound sentence.
复合句是由两个独立的句子组合在一起构
成的。

例句中，有下面两个完整并且独立的句子组成：
Beijing is in the North.
Nanjing is in the South.
III. 复杂句（Complex Sentence ）
Myuncle, who i s seventy years old, works
on a farm.
( 特点：Whenan independent clause and a dependent clause are joined together;
they form one complex sentence.
复合句是由一个独立的句子加一个从句构
成的。

)
China is a country that its history is
very long.
China is a country. ( 独立句子)
That its history is very long ( 从句)
IV. 复杂句+复合句（Compound sentence+ Complex sentence ）
Studying English is important because a
lot of jobs need people know English; and
learning English helps
people understand other country ’s
culture.
整体看，这是一个由moreover 连接的复合句，前后两句都在谈论学英语的重要性，两个独立完整的句子。

但第一句话中又包含了一个由because 引导的从句。

你知道英语中最常用的句型是什么句子吗？复杂句(complex) 。

My American teacher said, ”The most common sentence pattern is complex
sentence, because language reflects life. ”
为什么不是复合句呢？
She said, “How many things are equal in our life? ”
看来因为生活中复杂的事情要多于并列的同等的事情，所以英语中复杂句多于简单句。

我的总结：
如何区分复合句(compound sentence) 。

复杂句(complex) ？
都有两个句子组成，复合句中，两个句子独立表达完整的意思，能独立存活。

复杂句由一个主句和一个从句组成, 其中的从句不能独立表达一个完整的意思。

复合句就好像婚姻中的男人和女人，他们各自都有自己独立的人格和思想，组合成一个家庭，但谁离了谁都能活。

而复杂句则好像妈妈和孩子，孩子不能独立存活，依附于妈妈，当孩子和妈妈在一起的时候，也许修饰妈妈的头( 主语从句) ，也许修饰身体( 谓语从句) ，也许修饰妈妈的腿( 宾语从句) ，其实根本没必要深
度研究从句的类型，一眼就能看出从句在说什么。

过多的强调从句的种类是把语法搞复杂化，使学习者confuse 。

见到复合句，抓住每个句子的idea ，把他们分开来看，也就变成两个简单句，
理解起来就容易了。

说了半天，还都是道理。

你想真正掌握句型结构吗？
句子的成分
1. 主语—主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

注意：不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it 句型。

2. 谓语—说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一
致。

它在主语后面。

3. 表语—表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。

它的位置在系动词后面。

*注意区别：My job is teaching.(teaching为表语) 与I am teaching now.(am
teaching 为谓语)
4. 宾语—宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、
短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。

5. 状语—状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。

一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、
目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词
或短语来表示。

状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。

6. 定语—定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。

形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短
语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。

因为它是修饰名词
或代词的，而名词和代词又可以作主语，还可以作表语和宾语，所以定语的位
置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。

英语常用的句型结构
高中英语重点语法网络图表
英语常用的句型结构
1、S + vi
2、S + link verb + predicative
3、S + vt +o
4、S + vt + o (间接) + o ( 直接)
5、S +vt+ o + o c
6、There be + s + ⋯
简单句的五个基本句型
种类句型
谓语部分
主语
S. 谓语动词V. 表语P. 宾语O.
宾语补足
语OC.
第 1
种S +V We w ork.( 不及物)
第 2
种S+V+O He plays(及物) the piano. 第 3
种S+V+P We are(系动词) students.
第4 种S+V+ino( 间接宾
语)+Do( 直接宾
语)
She gave(及物) me a pen.
第 5
种S+V+O+C He made(及物) the boy laugh. 第 6
种There be+S There are thirty days this month.
主语部分
谓语部分
谓语动词修饰语/补语/宾语
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Flowers
Flowers
Many beautiful flowers
I
B etty, your younger sister ,
Some students in my class
you
(You)
b loom。

bloom
bloom
go
looks
speak
Do...
understand
Read
in the gardens.
in the gardens in spring.
to school by bicycle every day.
very pretty. English very well. these
sentences?
Lesson Two, Mary.
句子的成分
1. 主语—主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。

一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。

它在句首。

注意：不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it 句型。

2. 谓语—说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。

谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须用动词。

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。

它在主语后
面。

3. 表语—表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词
或形容词的词或短语来担任。

它的位置在系动词后面。

*注意区别：My job is teaching.(teaching 为表语) 与I am teaching now.(am teaching 为谓语) 4. 宾语—宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，
它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。

5. 状语—状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。

一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度
等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。

状语一
般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。

6. 定语—定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。

形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以担任定语。

因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词
又可以作主语，还可以作表语和宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都
可以有定语。

简单句、并列句、复合句
1. 简单句句型：主语+谓语
只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。

2. 并列句
句型：简单句+并列连词（或连接副词）+简单句
*由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。

并列句中的各简单句意义同等重
要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。

它们之间用连词连结。

1、联合关系：
常用的连词有and, not only ⋯but(also), neither ⋯等n。

or
Eg. Tom doesn ’t smoke, nor does his brother.
2、转折关系
常用的连词有but, yet, still, however, while( 而，然而)，when（那时，然后）等。

Eg. He got up very early, (and) yet he failed to catch the morning train.
We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain.
She is tired, (but) still she will make another test.
*yet 和still 是连接副词，又叫半连接句。

*however( 然而，不过，但是)意义接近y et,可放在句首、句末或插入句子中间。

3、选择关系：
常用的连词有or（或者，还是，否则），otherwise, or else, either 等⋯。

or
Eg. Hurry up, or we ’ll be late for school.
4、因果关系
连词有：for, so, thus, therefore, and so 等。

Eg. He studied hard, thus he succeeded in passing the exam.
The Frenchman coughed loudly, so he decided to go and get some medicine for it.
*for 表示附加或推断的理由、原因。

Therefore 较so 更正式，and so 较口语化。

3. 复合句
句型：主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句（包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句，或
只包含一个从句，但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。

）
动词时态，被动语态
一、一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。

2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。

如：
I ’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow, I won ’t go there.
3.在以here, there开头的句子里，go, come 等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。

例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。

There comes the bus.汽车来了。

Here she comes.她来了。

二、现在进行时
1.表示正在进行的动作。

2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。

例如：She is leaving for Beijing. 她要去北京。

He is working as a teacher tomorrow. 从明天起他要做老师。

My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。

3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。

例如:The Changjiang River is flowing into the east. 江水滚滚向东流。

The sun is rising in the east.
太阳从东方冉冉升起。

4.大多数动词可用于进行时，但也有些动词不用于进行时。

常见的有：exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget, believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope 等。

三、现在完成时
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成的动作。

例如：I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.
2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for ,”, “since, ”表述的一
段时间状语连用。

例如：He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they
left college.
3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：
1）用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作，现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态，和现在关系不大。

例如：She has
cleaned the room. It ’s very clean now此.(句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与
现状无关，二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It ’s这⋯样的一般现在时。

)
2）汉语中的“了”、“过”、“曾”等词常用完成表达，如：I have seen that film. （我看过那
部电影了。

）但是如果是在特定的过去时间“看了”、“做过”，就不可用完成时而必须用一般
过去进来表达。

例如：When did you see that film? I saw it yesterday.( 你什么时候看了那部电
影？我昨天看的。

)不能说：When have you seen that film? I have seen it yesterday.
4.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未
回来）”用“have/has gone to”.例如：
——Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room. ——She knows a lot
about Shanghai.－She has been there.
5.短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish,
complete, begin, start, break out 等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连
用。

例如不能说：He has finished the work for three hours. 要翻译“他已完成工作三小时了。

”
可采用1）“ago 法”：He finished the work three hours ago.2）“延续法”：He has been
through(with)the work for three hours.3 ）“since 法”：It is/has been three hours since he finished the work. 四、现在完成进行时
1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。

例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.
2.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。

五、一般过去时
表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发
生的动作或行为。

六、过去进行时
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表
示）。

例如：He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。

例如：They were still working when I left.
3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生。

例如：I was writing while he was watching TV.
4.表示过去将来动作。

例如：He said she was arriving the next day.
七、过去完成时
1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。

例如：He had shut the door before the dog came up./ Everything had been all right up till this morning.
2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。

例如：At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week
when we learned about it.
3.常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose 等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希
望、打算或意图。

例如：We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
八、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。

有下列一些形式：
1.will/shall do （侧重将来行为，不突出计划安排去做某事）
2.be going to do ( 主观上打算或客观上可能发生)
3.be doing (按计划将要发生，常和表示最近的将来时间连用)
4.be about to do (按计划即将发生)
九、将来完成时
用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。

常和by 短语，when, before 引起的时间
状语连用。

例如：We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.
被动语态
一、被动语态的句型
1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）
例如：He was scolded by the English teacher.
2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分
例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults.
注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者”
3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也
可以是间接宾语。

例如：She lent me a bike.
被动：1）I was lent a bike(by her). 2）A bike was lent to me(by her).
4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词
例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour.
5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分
例如；These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was
ordered to be shot. 二、主动表示被
动的几种情况
1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。

常见动词是：cut, sell, read, write,
fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep 等。

例如：This knife cuts well. 这把刀好切。

These books sell
well. 这些书好卖。

The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来流畅。

Meat won ’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。

The cloth washes well. 这种布好洗。

2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。

常见动look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out 等。

例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out
true./Cotton feels soft.
注：prove 也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was) proved right.
3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。

常见形容词有：hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, good, comfortable, convenient, impossible 等。

例如：The problem is easy to do./The
question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to complete in
a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered. 没有形容词时，虽然不
定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。

三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况：
1.I teach myself French. 不可变为Myself is taught French. 因为反身代词不可作主语。

2.We help each other/one another. 不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us. 因为相互代词不可作主语。

3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him. 因为象lose heart, make a face, keep silence,
lose in thought 这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。

4.She took part in the sports meet. 不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her. 因为象
take part in, belong to ,own, have, hate, fail, contain 等表状态动词没有被动语态。

主谓一致Agreement
在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。

如何判定，则要看句子的
意思。

多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内
容。

下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。

1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：
1）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard. ）
2）How you get there is a problem.
2、复数主语跟复数动词。

3、在倒装句中, 动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。

如以here, there 开头，be 动词与后
面第一个名词一致。

如：1）Here comes the bus.
2）On the wall were two famous paintings. 3）Here is Mr
Brown and his children.
4、and 连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。

如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than 等引起
的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。

如：
1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.
2）He and my father work in the same factory. 3）His sister, no
less than you, is wrong.
4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.
5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.
6）Every picture except these two has been sold.
7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.
8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.
9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.
5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and 后面的
名词没有冠词。

如：
1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow. 这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。

2）Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。

3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow. （两个人）
6、and 连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a 修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：
1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party. 所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。

2）No teacher and no student is absent today. 3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.
7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
1）Each takes a cup of tea.
2）Either is correct.
3）Neither of them likes this picture.
8、由every, some, any, no 构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
1）Is everyone here?
2）Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。

9、关系代词who, that, which 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的
数一致。

如：
1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.
2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.
3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.
10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词
常用单数形式。

11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。

如：
1）The United States is in North America.
2）The United Nations has passed a resolution( 决议)。

3）“The Arabian Nights ”（《天方夜谭》）is an interesting book.
12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience （听众，观众），government 等作主
语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数
形式。

如：
1）My family is going to have a long journey. 2）My family are
fond of music.
3）The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。

4）The class were jumping for joy.
13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest 等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓
语动词要根据实际情况而定。

如：
1）All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。

2）All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。

3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture ( 家具)。

14、the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。

如指的是抽象
概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。

如：
1）The young are usually very active.
2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now.
15、or, either ,or, , neither, nor, , whether, or, not only , but (also)连接的是主语,谓语动词
与后一个主语一致。

如：
1）Either you or I am going to the movies. 2）Not only you
but also he is wrong.
16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：
1）Water is a kind of matter.
2）The news at six o’clock is true.
17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle 等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：
1）The police are searching for him. 2）The cattle are grassing (吃草)。

18、population 当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。

如：
1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
2）One third of the population here are workers.
19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“, 的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式； a (large
/ great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。

1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.
2）A number of students have gone for an outing.
20、means, politics, physics, plastics 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

复合句
( 1 ) 定语从句
I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。

被修饰的词叫做先行词，引
导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。

关系词先行
词
从句成分例句备注
Who 人主语D o you know the man who is talking with your mother?
Whom 人宾语M r. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
W hom, which
和that 在从句
Whose 关
系人，
物
定语
I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my
deskmate.
中做宾语时，
常可以省略，
但介词提前时
代
词That 人，
物
主语，宾
语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
后面关系代词
不能省略，也
Which 物主语，宾
语
T he book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was
terrible.
不可以用that
As 人，
物
主语，宾
语
H e is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
A s 做宾语一
般不省略
When 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which 关系Where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
副
词why 原因原因状语I can ’i m t agine the reason why he turned down
my offer.
可用for which
II. That 与which, who, whom 的用法区别：
情况用法说明例句
1．先行词为all, everything, anything, 1.He told me everything that he knows.
nothing, little, much, 等不定代词时。

2.All the books that you offered has 2．先行词被all, any, every, each, much, been given out.
只用that 的情况
little, no, some, few 等修饰时
3．先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰
时
4．先行词既指人又指物时
3.This is the best film that I have ever
read.
4.We talked about the persons and things
that we remembered.
5．先行词被the only, the very 修饰时 5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6．句中已经有who 时，为了避免重复时 6.Who is the man that is making a
speech?
只用which, 1．在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which
指代物，用who/whom 指人
H e has a son, who has gone abroad for
further study.
who, whom
的情2．在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从
句中，只能用which 指物，whom 指人。

3．先行词本身是that 时，关系词用which,
I like the person to whom the teacher is
talking.
Those who respect others are usually
况respected by others. III. As 与which 的区别：
先行词为those, one, he时多用who。

定语从句区别例句
限制性定语从句中名词前有such 和the same修饰时，关系
代词用as,不能用which
H e is not such a fool as he looks.
Don’tread such books as you can ’t
understand.
非限制性定语从句中as 和which 都可以指代前面整个主句。

如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在
主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；
而which 引导的从句只能放主句后，并
无“正如”的意思。

T hey won the game, as we had
expected.
They won the game, which we hadn ’t
expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film
star in the 1980s.
IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
类别语法意义及特征例句
限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就
不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写
时不用逗号分开。

The accident happened at the
time when I left.
对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，非
限制性较松散。

从句和主句之间用逗号分开, 相当于一个
His mother, whom he loved 定语从句插入语, 不能用that 引导，关系代词做宾语时也不
deeply, died ten years ago. 能省略。

( 2 )状语从句状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等，按意义可分为
地点、原因、
目的、结果、条件、方式、比较等。

1、时间状语从句
由从属连词when, whenever, as, while, before, since, once, till. Eg. I waited till he had
finished his work.
A. when, as, while 作时间从属连词的区别。

When 可引导持续性动作，又可引导短暂性动作。

它可表示主从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生
在主句动作之前。

Eg. When I was a boy, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
(同时)
B. as 引导持续性动作，侧重表示主句和从句动作同时发生。

Eg. He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
C. while 在“某一段时间里”、“在⋯⋯期间”
While 引导的动作必须是持续性的，它也强调主句和从句动作的同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动
作的对比。

Eg. Please don tal’k s t o loud while others are working.
*当when, as, while( 正当⋯⋯的时候)表示主句和从句的动作同时发生时，可以换用。

*当when 引导的状语从句是系表结构（名词作表语），其主语又和主句主语一致时，往往可
用as引导的省略从句代替，应注意as在这里是连词，不是介词，后边名词与年龄有关。

Eg. As a young man(=when he was a young man)he was a postmaster.
D. before 如果when 和before 引导的句子位于主句之后，有时要译为“才”、“这时”等。

Eg. He almost knocked me down before he saw me. I was having lunch when someone knocked at the door.
E. by the time, each time, every time, immediately, the moment, soon after, shortly after 等也可以
作为连词，引导时间状语从句。

Eg. Each time he came to Beijing on business, he would call on
me. I recognized you the moment I saw you.
F. 时间状语从句中的谓语动词一般不能用任何一种将来时,只能用现在时或过去时态表示将来时。

E. hardly ⋯when; no sooner ...than=as soon as 这两个句组只能用于过去时，即从句谓语动词用一般
过去时，主句谓语动词用过去完成时。

Hardly 、no nooner 放在句首时，主句主谓倒装。

Eg. He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.
Hardly had he fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.
Eg. I had no sooner come home than it began to rain. No sooner had I come home than it began
to rain.
2、地点状语从句：where, wherever 引导
Eg. Go back where you came from. Where there is water, there is life.
3、原因状语从句
由连词because, as, since, now than (既然，由于)
because 引导的从句是全句意思的重心所在。

在有上下文的情况下，可以不要主句而单独成
句。

as与since 则不能。