2019高中英语 Unit 7 The Sea Section Ⅳ Language Points(Ⅱ)( Lesson 2

Section ⅣLanguage Points(Ⅱ)( Lesson 2 & Lesson 3)
[语言基础自测]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Something must be done to prevent our city from being polluted(污染) by thick smoke.
2．The train went slower and slower until it stopped altogether．
3．A new man was appointed to handle(处理) the crisis.
4．When presenting a speech in public，don't be nervous.
5．The shop is newly open，and goods in it sell at a discount(打折)．
6．Hainan Island attracts visitors not only in winter but also in summer.
7．The real voyage of discovery(发现) consists not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes. 8．Don't measure your success next to someone else.Decide what you want for you and do that. 9．Be sure to set aside at least an hour a day for sports.It will make you healthy and energetic(精力充沛的)．
10．Films and TV series ought to educate the young but not to ruin them.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染
2．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的
3．chemical n．化学物→chemist n．化学家；药剂师→chemistry n．化学
4．intelligent adj.有灵性的；聪明的→intelligence n．智力，理解力
5．energy n．精力；能源→energetic adj.有活力的
6．attract vt.吸引→attractive adj.吸引人的→attraction n．吸引人的地方
7．long adj.长的→length n．长度，长
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．be reminded of 被提醒
2．watch out 注意
3．be well educated 受到良好的教育
4．be present at 出席
5．make a living 谋生
6．deal with 处理
7．sound like 听起来像
8．be similar to 与……相似
9．in length 在长度上
10．every two hours 每两小时
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．I like those people who are well educated and not skin­deep. 2．Ten members were present at the meeting ，including me. 3．There are several specific problems to be dealt with ． 4．The accident was similar to one that happened in 1973. 5．This desk is four feet in length and two feet wide. [寻规律、巧记忆]
Ⅴ.1. Well ，they're animals of high intelligence and they can communicate. 哦，它们(海豚)是高智商的动物，能够进行交流。

[记句式结构]be ＋of ＋名词
[仿写促落实]这种产品质量好价格也不贵。

The product is of high quality and is not expensive either.
2. OK ，I'm going to make a project book with lots of pictures in it . 好，我将做一份有许多示意图的计划书。

[记句式结构]with ＋宾语＋宾补 [仿写促落实]她含着眼泪说了声再见。

She said good ­bye with tears in her eyes ．
[核 心 要 点 探 究]
ban vt.禁止
n ．禁令；禁止
政府正在考虑禁止在公交车上吸烟。

②He was banned from driving(drive) for three years.他被禁驾3年。

③Most people are for the ban on smoking in public buildings. 多数人赞成在公共场所吸烟的禁令。

make a living 谋生
(教材P11)They also try to help people to get other kinds of jobs so there are less people trying to make a living from fishing.
他们也尝试帮渔民们得到其他类型的工作，这样以捕鱼为生的人会少一些。

现在，成千上万的农民涌进城市以求过上更好的生活。

②Her dream was to earn her (she)living as a singer.
她的梦想是靠当歌手来谋生。

present n．礼物；现在adj.出席的；现在的；当前的；存在的v.提出；赠送；呈现
(教材P11)How will you present your project?
你将如何展示你的计划？
写出下列句中present的词性和词义
①He bought me a valuable diamond ring as a birthday present.n. 礼物
②I am content to stay in my present job.adj. 目前的
③We should like to present some suggestions which would help settle the question.vt. 提出
The children presented flowers to the teachers.
＝The children presented the teachers with flowers.
孩子们向老师赠送鲜花。

②People present at the meeting were mostly scientists from different parts of the world.
出席会议的主要是来自世界各地的科学家。

③At present，our room is big enough.
目前，我们的房间够大了。

[图形助记]
n ．现在 v ．讲演，演示 v ．赠送 adj .在场的，现在的 n ．礼物
(教材P 11)Well ，they're animals of high intelligence and they can communicate. 哦，它们(海豚)是高智商的动物，能够进行交流。

【要点提炼】 句中 of high intelligence 作后置定语，修饰 animals 。

of high intelligence 属于“of＋名词”结构，该结构可在句中作表语、定语和补语。

他的建议没有帮助。

②What you said is of no interest to me.
＝
What you said is not interesting(interest) to me. 我对你说的不感兴趣。

③The two children are of the same age ，but of different heights(high)． 这两个孩子年龄相同，但身高不同。

(教材P 11)OK ，I'm going to make a project book with lots of pictures in it ． 好，我将做一份有许多示意图的计划书。

【要点提炼】 句中的“with lots of pictures in it”是“with＋n .＋介词短语”结构，在句中作定语。

with 复合结构还有以下几种形式：
with ＋名词 /代词＋
⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
形容词/副词
doing （现在分词表示主动、动作正在进行）done （过去分词表示被动、动作已经完成）
to do （动词不定式表示动作即将发生）
①I can't focus my attention on my study with the boys shouting . 孩子们大喊大叫，我不能集中注意力学习。

②Tom went out to play with his homework unfinished(finish)． 汤姆未做完家庭作业就出去玩了。

③The manager was very worried with so many problems to settle(settle)． 有这么多问题要解决，经理很着急。

every two hours 每两小时
(教材P 12)There are fantastic shows every two hours . 每两小时有一场精彩的表演。

这些植物要每隔一天浇一回。

②You'd better plant a tree every five metres/every fifth metre.
你最好每5米植一棵树。

attract vt.吸引，招引；有吸引力
(教材P12)Some fish attract other fish with a light on their body—and then eat them! 有些鱼用它们身上的光来吸引其他的鱼——然后吃掉它们！
她被他的微笑吸引住了。

②Schools must try to make science more attractive(attract) to youngsters.
学校必须尽力使科学更能吸引年轻人。

③The beautiful beaches are the Maldives' main attraction(attract)．
漂亮的海滩是马尔代夫主要的吸引人之处。

watch out注意
(教材P12)They have a huge mouth and can eat fish as big as themselves.Watch out!
它们有一张大嘴，可以吞下与它们自身一样大的鱼。

当心！
Watch out for cars when you cross the road.
过马路时要当心车辆。

②There must have been an angel watching over me that day.
那天一定是有天使在保佑我。

[名师点津]
英语中表示“当心”的短语还有be careful，look out等。

measure vt.度量(大小、长短等)；测量；打量；估量
(教材P13)An average fish like this measures 90 centimetres in length，and it can weigh as much as 30 kilos.
像这样的鱼，平均每条有90厘米长，并且体重可达30千克。

笑对孩子们的正面影响有多大，科学家还没有对此作出评估。

②My mother made me a pair of trousers to my measure.
我妈妈按照我的尺寸给我做了一条裤子。

③It is high time that we should take measures(measure) to protect endangered animals.是我们采取措施保护濒危动物的时候了。

[名师点津]
当measure表示“量起来有……长/高/宽……”时，是不及物动词，不用被动语态。

[随堂效果落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．With Christmas coming near，they began to be busy shopping for the holidays.
2．I like this jacket better than that one，but it costs almost three times as much.
3．The main bedroom，much smaller than other rooms，measures(measure) 15 metres wide.
4．We happen to be of an age，and we all go in for American football.
5．He minds so much about his position in the office that he watches out for any chance to be promoted. 6．He is old enough to make a/his living now and please don't worry about him any more. 7．Weather plays a significant part in agriculture(agricultural)．
8．Detective novels used to hold a special attraction(attract) for me.
9．The thief was forced into the post station with his hands tied(tie) back.
10．The bus goes every tenth(ten) minute and it's convenient for you to go to the city.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．With so many people communicated in English every day，it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English.
communicated→communicating
2．Seed industry was of high valuable to investment.
valuable→value
3．We should watch out those friends in disguise.
out后加for
4．He goes to town every other days to buy things.
days→day
5．He was banned from attend the meeting.
attend→attending
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．这是我读过的最有趣的小说。

I have never read a more interesting novel．
2．你的这些话对我们来说很有帮助。

These remarks of yours are of great value to us．
3．有许多事要处理，我不得不夜以继日地工作。

With many things to deal with，I have to work day and night.
4．这套衣服看起来似乎是按照他的尺寸做的。

It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure．
5．迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。

Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.
[语法专项突破]
形容词和副词的比较级
[精要点拨]
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是高考必考的语法项目，必须熟练掌握其用法。

对于形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的用法应注意以下具体问题：
一、表示倍数的几个句型
1．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
2．A is ＋倍数＋as ＋原级＋as ＋B
3．A is ＋倍数＋the ＋名词(size ，length ，height ，weight ，width 等)＋of ＋B 4．A is ＋倍数＋that ＋of ＋B 5．A is ＋倍数＋what 从句
When you study the local map ，you'll find this town is twice the size of that one/as large as that one .当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。

The output of this year is 4 times that of 2015.
＝The output of this year is 4 times what it was in 2015. 今年的产量是2015年的四倍。

二、形容词/副词的比较等级 1．as ＋形容词/副词原级＋as
(1)“as＋形容词/副词原级＋as”表示同级比较，否定句可用so 代替第一个as 。

Jack is as old as Jim.杰克和吉姆一般大。

He doesn't run so (as ) fast as his brother. 他没有他弟弟跑得快。

(2)as...as 中间使用名词要遵循以下原则： ⎩⎪⎨⎪
⎧as ＋形容词＋a （n ）＋单数名词＋as as ＋many ＋复数名词＋as
as ＋much ＋不可数名词＋as
He is as brave a man as Dong Cunrui. 他是一个像董存瑞一样勇敢的人。

Henry does not have so/as many books as I (have)． 亨利的书没有我的书多。

The book is less interesting than that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。

(3)比较级前可加表示程度的词或倍数词，如：even ，still ，much ，any ，rather ，yet ，(by)far ，a lot ，a bit ，a little ，a great deal ，twice ，three times 等。

Are you feeling any better ？你感觉好点了吗？ [名师点津]
by far 修饰比较级
by far 修饰比较级时，应放在比较级之后；若放在比较级之前，则应在比较级和by far 之间加定冠词the 。

He is taller by far than his younger brother. 他比他弟弟高多了。

He is by far the taller of them two. 他是他们两人中较高的一个。

2．“the＋比较级，the ＋比较级”表示：越……，越……
The more you talked，the less attention he paid to you.
你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。

3．“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示：越来越……
The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.
这座新城变得越来越美丽了。

4．否定词＋比较级＝最高级
He has never been happier than today.
他从没有比今天更开心过。

5．“the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词”表示：两者中较/更……的一个。

Of the two cameras，I would prefer the smaller one，which is very easy for me to carry.
这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的那个，它容易携带。

[名师点津]
“not＋比较级＋than”表示前者不如后者；“no＋比较级＋than”表示对两者的否定，意为“和……一样不……”，与neither...nor或“as＋相反意义的形容词＋as”相当。

This book is not more interesting than that one.
这本书不如那本书有趣。

This book is no more interesting than that one.
＝Neither this book nor that one is interesting.
＝This book is as uninteresting as that one.
这本书和那本书都很乏味。

[应用落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．There are more(many)new beautiful spots here than in other cities of China.
2．This lesson is easier(easy)than the last one.
3．Of the two girls I'm teaching，I find Nancy the cleverer(clever)．
4．Gold is less(little)useful than iron.
5．My sister is two years older(old)than I.
6．The boy runs almost as badly(badly)as Joe.
7．The boy runs almost as quickly(quickly)as his teacher.
8．He could drive as carefully(carefully)as his father.
9．This article is slightly(稍微地) better(well)organized than that one.
10．We all love ourselves more(much)and hate ourselves less(little)than we ought.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．People in the country are more happier than people in the city.
- 去掉 more
2．This road is six times length of that one.
length前加the
3．How beautifully she sings! I've never heard a best voice.
best→better
4．The short­distance runner wishes he can run as faster as the ostrich.
faster→fast
5．John chose the less expensive book in these books.
less→least。