2012英国文学史知识要点总结---副本

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2012英国文学史知识要点总结---副本
A Survey of British Literature
I. Early and Medieval Literature (Unit 2)
1. three conquests
2. the medieval period: 476 A. D—the 15th century
3. Anglo-Saxon Period (449-1066):
--oral traditions;
--“Beowulf”: the national epic
--Caedmon: the first known English religious poet
4. Anglo-Norman Period (1066-15th century):
--Popularity of romancens;
--Chaucer: the father of English poetry;
--Ballads developed;
5. “Beowulf”
--longest; an epic; features (Pagan and Christian coloring; kenning; metaphor)
6. Romance
--Definition: It is a narrative verse of prose singing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. Romances are popular in the medieval period.
--“Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”
7. Geoffrey Chaucer
--the father of English literature/poetry;
--The Canterbury Tales: a double fiction; the Wife of Bath’s prologue; The Wife of Bath’s Tale; heroic couplet)
8. Ballad:
--Definition:A story told in song, usually in four line stanzas, with the 2nd and the 4th lines rhymed.
--Robin Hood Ballads.
9. Appreciation:
--from “Beowulf”
--from “The Canterbury Tales”
我早期和中世纪文学(2单元)
1。

三征服
2。

中世纪时期:476d-the第十五世纪
3。

盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(449-1066):
——口头传统;
——《贝奥武夫”:民族史诗
——大:第一个已知的英国宗教诗人
4。

盎格鲁-萨克逊时期(1066-15th世纪):
romancens——普及;
——乔叟:英国诗歌之父;
发展——民谣;
5。

《贝奥武夫》
最长的史诗——;;特征(异教徒和基督教色彩;认识;隐喻)
6。

浪漫
——定义:它是一个叙事诗的散文歌唱骑士的冒险经历或其他英雄事迹。

恋情是流行在中
世纪时期。

——“加文爵士与绿骑士”
7。

杰弗里乔叟
——英国文学之父/诗歌;
——坎特伯雷故事:一个双小说;巴斯太太的序幕;巴斯太太的故事英雄双韵体);
8。

民谣:
——定义:讲述的故事,歌曲,通常在四行诗节,与第二和第四行押韵。

——知更鸟罩歌谣。

9。

欣赏的:
——从“贝奥武夫》
——从“坎特伯雷故事集
II. The Renaissance (Unit 3, Unit 4, Unit 5,Unit 6)
1.three discoveries
2.Renaissance
--a thristing curiosity for classical literature;
--a keen interest in life and human activities.
3.Humanism
--individualism; the joy of the present life; reason; the affirmation of self-worth
--Humanism emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.
4.Sonnet:
--Definition: It is a poem of 14 lines that follows a strict rhyme scheme and specific structure; it expresses a single idea or theme. (Thomas Wyatt first introduced it to England)
5.Shakespearean sonnet:
--Definition: A Shakespearean sonnet consists of three four-line stanzas (called quatrains) and a final couplet composed in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg.
6.Blank verse: having a regular meter, but no rhyme. (Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey)
7.Spenserian stanza:
--Definition: Each stanza contains nine lines in total: eight lines in iambic pentameter followed by a single 'Alexandrine' line in iambic hexameter. The rhyme scheme of these lines is "ababbcbcc."
8.Appreciation:
--Edmund Spenser and “The Faerie Queene”(written in blank verse)
--Thomas More and “Utopia”
--Christopher Marlowe’s Dr. Faustus (Appreication); Tamburlaine;The Jew of Malta; The Passionate Shepherd to His Love;
--Sonnet 18 by Shakespeare (“Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day”): time, mortality, immortality
9.The first English essayist: Francis Bacon (“Of Studies”)
10.Elizabethan theatre—the golden age of English drama;
11.Shakespearean comedies: As You Like It; The Merchant of V enice; A Midsummer Night‘s
12.
13.特点:特征——;结构;独白;旅游;命运的作用/机会
20。

欣赏的:
——“是,或不是”(哈姆雷特)(哈姆雷特困境)
——“明天,明天,……”(从麦克白)(克贝斯是世界之累;无聊的生活;隐喻:)
III. The Period of Revolution and Restoration (the 17th century) (Unit 7)
1.17th: the beginning of modern England;
2.Cavalier poets:
--Reflected the royalist values;
--Themes: beauty, love, loyalty, morality;
--Style: Direct, short, frankly erotic
--Motto:“Carpe Diem”“Seize the Day”
--Robert Herrick, Ben Johnson, Rochard Lovelace, etc;
--Appreciation: “To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time” (Herrick; “to seize the day”)
3.Metaphysical school:
--the founder of the Metaphysical school: John Donne
--conceit: an extended metahpor involving dramatic contrasts or far-fetched comparisons;
--John Donne’s love poems: “The Flea”; “Valediction: Forbidden Mourning”
(Appreciation)
--Andrew Marvell: “To His Coy Mistress”
4.Puritan writers:
--John Bunyanh: “The Pilgrim’s Progress” (a religious allegory)
--John Milton: “Paradise Lost” (based on The Old Testament) (‘Paradise Regained”;
“Samson Agonistes”) (Appreciation)
IV. The 18th Century Literature—The Age of Enlightenment (Unit 8 and Unit 9)
1.18th century: the golden age of English novels
2.Enlightenment
--an intellectual movement in Europe in the 18th century;
--Reason as the guiding principle for thinking and action;
--the belief in eternal truth, eternal justice, natural equality ;
--a continuation of Renaissance;
(Belief in the possibility of human perfection through education).
3.Neo-classicism:
--A revival of classical standards of order, harmony, balance, simplicity and restrained emotion in literature in the 18th century.
--Alexander Pope
4.“Essay on Criticism” by Alexander Pope
--a manifesto of neoclassicism;
--Appreciation: “A Little Learning is a Dangerous Thing…”(learning as mountain climbing; inadequate learning may impair a balanced apprecation of a poem).
5.Realistic novels:
--Jonathan Swift; Gulliver’s Travels; A Modest Proposal; A Tale of a Tub; The Battle of the Books;
--Daniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe;(Appreciation)
--Henry Fielding: Tom Jones; Joseph Andrews; Jonathan Wilde the Great;
6. Sentimentalism
--the middle and later decades of the 18th c.;
--definition: passion over reason, personal instincts over social duties; the return of the patriarchal times; lamenting over the destructive effects of industrialization
--Oliver Goldsmith, Thomas Gray, etc.
7. The Graveyard School
--subjects, style;
--Thomas Gray’s “Elegy written in a country churchyard”: structure; theme; (Appreciation)
8. Pre-romanticism:
--the latter half ot the 18th century;
--Robert Burns: “Auld Lyne Syne”; “A Red, Red Rose”
--William Blake: “Songs of Innocence” “Songs of Experience”; “The Lamb”, “The Tyg er”;
9. Richard Bringsley Sheridan: The School for Scandal; The Rivals;
10. Oliver Goldsmith: The Vicar of Wakefield; She Stoops to Conquer
V. The Romantic Period (1789-1832) (Unit 10 , Unit 11 and Unit 12)
1.The Romantic period: an age of poetry
2.Romanticism:
--Manifesto of British Romanticism: Lyrical Ballads: co-published by Wordsworth and Coleridge
--Features: individual as the center of all life and experience; from the outer world to the inner world; Passion; imagination ; Nature; pastoral; past ; Individual freedom; simple and spontaneous expression; symbolic presentations; fantastic elements;
3.English Romantic Poets
--Lake Poets: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey
--The Satanic Poets: Byron; Shelley; Keats
--Lyrical Ballads: the manifesto of the English Movement;
4.William Wordsworth
--“a worshipper of nature”;
--nature and country poems: “I Wanderered Lonely as a Cloud”; “The World is Too Much with us”; “Tintern Abbey”; “To a Butterfly” “The Solitary Reaper”; “Lucy Poems”;
--theories on poetry; “Poetry is a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings; it takes its orgin from emotion recollected in tranquility.”
--W ordsworth’s view of nature: critique of materialism; a source of mental cleanliness; the guardian of the heart; the beneficial influence of nature;
--Appreciation: “I Wanderered Lonely as a Cloud”; “Tintern Abbey”;
5.Samuel Taylor Coleridge:“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”
6. George Gordon Byron:
--Byronic Hero: an idealised but flawed anti-hero created by Byron; love of freedom, hatred of tyranny, passionate, rebellious, chivalrous, arrogant, cynical, individualistic, isolated, single-handedly, melancholy
--major poems by Byron: “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage”(Byronic Hero); “Don Juan”;
“She Walks in Beauty”; “The Isles of Greece” (Appreciation)
7. Percy Bysshe Shelley:
--Plato’s influence; pantheism
--“Prometheus Unbound”; “Ode to the West Wind”“Prometheus Unbound”; “Ode to a Skylark”; “Queen Mab”; “A Defense of Poetry”;
-- Appreciation : “Ode to the West Wind”: themes of death and rebirth; destruction and regeneration;
8. John Keats
-- “Ode on a Grecian Urn”; “Ode to a Nightingale”; “Ode to Autumn”; “Endymion”; “Isabella”
--Appreciation: “Ode on a Greican Urn”: the powers and limitations of art
三、革命时期和恢复(第十七世纪)(7单元)
1。

第十七:开始现代英国;
2骑士派诗人:
———价值体现;
——主题:美,爱,忠诚,道德;
——风格:直,短,坦白色情
——格言:“及时行乐”“只争朝夕”
——罗伯特·赫里克,本约翰逊,罗德洛夫莱斯,等;
——欣赏:“处女,使大部分时间”(赫里克;“只争朝夕”)
3玄:
——创办的学校:约翰多恩的形而上学
——骄傲:扩展metahpor涉及戏剧性反差或牵强的比较;
——约翰多恩的爱情诗:“跳蚤”;“告别紫禁城丧”(欣赏)
——安得烈马维尔:“他羞怯的情人”
4的清教徒作家:
——约翰bunyanh:《天路历程》(宗教寓言)
——约翰密尔顿:“失乐园”(根据旧约)('paradise恢复”;“力士参孙”)(欣赏)
四。

第十八世纪文学的启蒙时代(8单元和9单元)
1。

第十八世纪英国小说的黄金时代
2个启示。

——一个智力运动在欧洲的第十八世纪;
——原因为指导原则的思想和行动;
——信仰永恒的真理,永恒的正义,平等;
——继续文艺复兴;
(信仰的可能性,人类完美通过教育)。

3新古典主义:
——复兴古典标准秩序,和谐,平衡,简单和约束
文学中的情感在第十八世纪。

——亚力山大·波普
4。

”论批评”的亚力山大教皇
——一个新古典主义的宣言;
——欣赏:“一知半解是一件危险的事情……”(学习登山;不足学习可能损害评价的博弈均衡的诗)。

5现实主义小说:
——乔纳森;格列佛游记;一个温和的建议;浴缸的故事;书籍的战斗;
——丹尼尔笛福:鲁滨孙漂流记;(欣赏)
——汤姆·琼斯;安德鲁斯;乔纳森怀尔德大帝;
6。

感伤的
——后期几十年的第十八;
定义:激情——理性,个人本能的社会职责;返回的时间;而惋惜的破坏性影响的产业化——奥利弗·戈德史密斯,托马斯灰色,等。

7。

墓地
——主题,风格;
——托马斯灰色的“写在教堂墓地的挽歌”:结构;主题;(欣赏)
8。

浪漫主义:
——后者的一半第十八世纪;
——罗伯特:“美好时光”莱恩”;红色,红玫瑰”
——威廉·布莱克:《天真之歌》《经验之歌》;“羔羊”,“老虎”;
9。

李察谢里丹:bringsley造谣学校的对手;
10。

奥利弗·戈德史密斯:威克菲尔德牧师的;她弯下腰去征服
VI The Victorian Literature (1832-1901) (Unit 13 and Unit 14)
1. Authors and Works
--William Makepeace Thackray: V anity Fair
--George Eliot: The Mill on the Floss; Silas Marner; Middlemarch; Adam Bede
--Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice: Emma; Sense and Sensibility; Mansfield Park
--Thomas Hardy: Far from the Madding Crowd; Tess of the D’Urbervilles; Jude the Obscure; The Return of the Native; The Mayor of Casterbridge
--Charlotte Bronte:Jane Eyre; Shirley;
--Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights
--Oscar Wilde: The Importance of Being Earnest; A Woman of No Importance
--Walter Scott: Ivanhoe;
1.Bronte Sisters and the Female Gothic Tradition:
--Female Gothic refers to the tradition of Gothic writing by women . . . that represents the female experience within domesticity as one of imprisonment, claustrophobia and terror.
2.Appreciation:
--Jane Eyre by Charolotte Bronte;
--Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte;
3.Naturalism
--Definition:Heredity and social environment as the sha ping forces of one’s character; to determine "scientifically" the underlying forces influencing the actions of the characters.
pessimism; fatalism; detached perspective;
--Appreciation: “Tess of D’Urbervilles” by Thomas Hardy
4.Aestheticism
--Oscar Wilde
4. Charles Dickens:
--Oliver Twist; David Copperfield; A Tale of Two Cities; Hard Times; Great Expectations;
The Pickwick Papers; Little Dorrit
5. Poets
--Alfred Tennyson: “Break, Break, Break”
--Robert Browning: “My Last Duchess” (dramatic monologue)
--Mathew Arnold: “Dover Beach” (Appreciation)
6.Thomas Hardy
--“Shakespeare of the English novel.”
--novels of character and environment: Far from the Madding Crowd; Tess of the
D’Urbervilles; Jude the Obscure
--fatalism;
--naturalistic tendencies;
7. George Bernard Shaw
--the greatest Irish dramatist in the 20th c.
--a member of the Fabian society; reformist ideas
--Plays: Mrs. Warren’s Profession; Major Barbara
8. John Galsworthy
--The Forsyte Saga: The Man of Property, In Chancery, and To Let.
--Analysis: The Man of Property
六维多利亚文学(1832-1901)(13单元和14单元)
1。

作者和作品
——威廉·撒克里:名利场
——爱略特:弗洛斯河上的磨坊马尔纳;西拉斯;亚当·比德米德尔马契;
——简奥斯丁:傲慢与偏见:理智与情感;艾玛;曼斯菲尔德公园
——托马斯·:远离尘嚣;苔丝悲剧;图书;土著人的回归;在卡斯特桥市长
——勃朗特:简·爱雪莉;
——艾米丽勃朗特:呼啸山庄
——奥斯卡怀尔德:认真的重要性;无足轻重的女人
——史葛:巴黎;
1。

勃朗特姐妹和女性哥特传统:
——女性哥特指的是传统的哥特式妇女写作。

的。

这代表了女性在家庭生活经验为一体,幽闭恐怖。

2赞赏:
——简·爱的charolotte勃朗特;
呼啸山庄——由艾米丽勃朗特;
3自然主义。

——定义:遗传和社会环境的塑造力量的人的性格;确定了“科学”的基本力量影响行动的字符。

悲观宿命论观点;分离;
——欣赏:“苔丝托马斯·德伯家”
4。


——奥斯卡怀尔德
4。

查尔斯狄更斯:
——奥利弗戴维;科波菲尔;一两个城市的故事;困难;期望;匹克威克外传;小杜丽
5。

诗人
——艾尔弗雷德丁尼生:“打破,打破,打破“
——罗伯特:“我最后的公爵夫人》(戏剧独白)
——阿诺德:“多佛海滩”(欣赏)
6。

托马斯·
——“莎士比亚的英文小说。


——“性格与环境小说:远离尘嚣;苔丝悲剧;图书
——宿命论;
——自然主义的倾向;
7。

萧伯纳
——最伟大的爱尔兰剧作家在第二十℃。

——费边社成员的改良主义思想;
——发挥:华伦夫人的职业;大巴巴拉
8。

约翰高尔斯华绥
——福尔赛世家:财产的人,在大法官,并让。

——分析:有财产的人
VII. The Modern Period (Unit 15)
1. Modernism:
--theorectical basis;
--innovative forms;
--thematic concerns;
3. Steam of consciousness novel:
--Bergson’s theory of psychological time;
--Definition:The style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a character’s thoughts, feelings, reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them.
--Virginia Woolf and James Joyce
4. Virginia Woolf
--“Modern Fiction” (attacked the traditional way of novel-writing)
--Mrs. Dalloway; To the Lighthouse; The Waves
--Mrs. Dalloway: appreciation
5. James Joyce
--an Irish writer;
--Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Ulysses
--Ulysses (Theme, techniques)
6. Psychological Fiction
--Freudian’s theories;
--D. H. Lawrence: Sons and Lovers; The Rainbow; Women in Love; Lady Chatterley’s Lover
--Sons and Lovers: appreciation
7. Other important writers:
--E. M. Forster: A Passage to India; A Room with a View; Where Angels Fear to Tread;
Howards End;
--William Golding: Lord of the Flies;
--Joseph Conrad: Heart of Darkness; Lord Jim;
第七。

现代时期(15单元)
1。

现代主义:
——理论基础;
——创新形式;
——的专题问题;
3。

意识流小说:
——柏格森的理论,心理时间;
——定义:写作风格,试图模仿人物的思想,感觉,思考,记忆,和心理图像为特征的经验。

——伍尔夫与杰姆斯乔伊斯
4。

伍尔夫
——“现代小说”(攻击的传统小说创作)
——达洛维夫人的灯塔;波;
——达洛维夫人:欣赏
5。

杰姆斯乔伊斯
——爱尔兰作家;
——都柏林,艺术家的画像作为一个年轻人,尤利西斯
——尤利西斯(主题,技术)
6。

心理小说
——弗洛伊德的理论;
——D . H .劳伦斯:儿子和情人;彩虹;恋爱中的女人;查泰莱夫人的情人
——儿子和情人:欣赏
7。

其他重要的作家:
——E·M·福斯特:印度之行;有风景的房间;天使恐惧胎面;而结束;
——威廉·戈尔丁:苍蝇王;
——康拉德:黑暗的心;吉姆勋爵;
VIII. Postwar Literature (Unit 16)
1.Existentialism
--“Existence precedes essence”
--Theme;
2. Theatre of the Absurd
--Samuel Beckett: Nobel prize
--Harold Pinter: Nobel Prize
--Definition
--Waiting for Godot (Beckett):
3. Angry Young Man:
--mid-1950s;
--John Osborne: Look Back in Anger
4. Metafiction:
--definition:
--John Fowles: The French Lieutenant’s Woman
5. Symbolism:
--definiton;
--T. S. Eliot: “The Waste Land” (spiritiual empitness and emotional impoverishment)
--William Butler Yeats: “Sailing to Byzantium”;(Appreciation)“The Second Coming”;
“Leda and the Swan”;
第八。

战后文学(16单元)
存在主义的1。

——“存在先于本质”
——主题;
2。

荒谬剧场
——塞缪尔贝克特:诺贝尔奖
——哈罗德·品特:诺贝尔奖
——定义
——等待戈多(贝克特):
3。

生气的年轻人:
——50;
——约翰奥斯本:愤怒的回顾
4。

元小说:
——定义:
——约翰福尔斯:法国中尉的女人
5。

象征主义:
——定义;
——T·S·爱略特:《荒原》(spiritiual empitness和情感贫困)——威廉叶芝:《驶向拜占庭”;(欣赏)“秒”;“丽达与天鹅”;。

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