外研版初三英语上册Module 8 知识点讲义

Module 8 Sports life知识点总结
一、模块主题：介绍体育名人
二、重点短语归纳
1.stand for是.......的缩写;代表
注意：be short for 是……的略称be short of 缺乏；不足
2. train for 为……训练
3. play against和......比赛
4. beat sb.打败某人/团队
5.win the match /prize 赢得比赛/奖品
6. if my memory is correct 如果我没记错的话have a good/bad memory 记忆力好/差
7. make a decision 做决定
8. That’s no excuse. 那不是借口。

9. no way决不；不可能
10. face the truth 面对事实
11. have no chance to do sth. / have no chance of doing sth. 没机会做某事
12. remember to do sth. = don’t forget to do sth. 记得做某事= 不要忘记做某事
13. be mad at/ with sb. = be angry with sb. 生某人的气
She is mad at me for being late.
be mad on/about sb./sth. 特别喜欢某人或某物She is mad about kids.
be angry at /about sth. 对某事生气
14. nice work= good joy = well done做得好
15. cheer for sb. 为某人加油cheer sb. up 让某人开心/振作起来
16. success n. 成功succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv.
17. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事be encouraged to do sth. 被鼓励去做某事
18. the high jump 跳高jump high 跳得高
19. have the ability to do sth. 有做某事的能力=have the ability in doing sth.
20. set up 建立，成立
21. among 在…中间(三者或三者以上) vs between（两者之间）
22. at the same time 同时at first 首先；起初；一开始at last最后
23. break the record 打破纪录
24. use sth. to do sth. 使用某物去做某事
25. in fact事实上，实际上
26. from now/then on 从现在/那时起
27. suffer …from…患(病),受(某病)折磨
28. stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
29. a symbol of……的象征 a symbol of courage and success 勇气和成功的象征
30. continue to do sth.= go on to do sth.; continue doing sth. = go on doing sth. 继续做某事
31. take pride in...以.......为骄傲= be proud of……
32. prepare for...为......做准备prepare…for…为…准备…
I am preparing for the party. I have to prepare enough food for the guests.
33. first of all 首先,起初（强调次序）
above all 首要的是，最重要的是（强调要引起特别注意）
34. remember to do sth记得去做某事
35. just to do只为做........
36. want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事
37. had better do sth.最好做某事
38. It is a pity that... ......是个遗憾
39. advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
40.It's+形容词+to do sth.做某事是......的
41. need to do sth. 需要做某事
42.watch the match 观看比赛
43.a number of许多
44.take up 占用You take up my time.你占用了我的时间。

45.return to… 返回到…
pare…with…把….与….相比较
47.take part in….参加
三、知识点详解
Unit 1
1、stand for意为“象征，代表”，该短语不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态。

Eg. What does HAS stand for? HAS代表什么?
Do you know what GDP stands for?你知道GDP代表什么吗?
No one knows what the sign stands for.没人知道这个符号代表什么。

【拓展】stand for还可表示“支持”，相当于support.
Remember to go to the bank this afternoon.记得今天下午去银行。

3、be mad at/ with意为“生……的气，对……生气＂，其同义词组为be angry at /with。

Eg.The teacher was mad at us. =The teacher was angry with us.老师生我们的气了。

4、try to do sth.意为“努力或尽力去做某事”,指试图做某种很难的事。

其否定形式为try not to do sth.
Eg. He tried to work out the problem.他努力地去解决这个问题。

区分：try doing sth… 表示“试着(用什么方法)去做某事”。

Unit 2
1、encourage是及物动词，意为“鼓励。

encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事Eg. Our English teacher often encourages us to speak English.
我们的英语老师经常鼓励我们讲英语。

My teachers often encourage me in my study.我的老师们经常鼓励我的学习。

2、ability是名词，意为“能力”
eg. She has great ability to play the piano.她很有弹钢琴的能力。

I have confidence in the ability of the players.我对运动员们的能力有信心.
【拓展】ability的常用搭配
ability to do sth.做某事的能力
of high/low/ average ability高/低/一般能力
to the best of one's ability竭尽全力
3、
①意为“创立，设立”。

eg. They needed the money to set up a special school.他们需要这笔钱
来开办一所特殊学校。

set up ②意为“竖起，建造”，相当put up
Eg. Two new bridges have been set up between Pudong and Puxi.
在浦东和浦西之间已经架起了两座新桥。

③意为“开业，开始经商”，常与as或in连用
Eg. He will set himself up as a lawyer.他将开业做律师。

【拓展】含up的常用短语
clean up打扫干净get up起床look up查找cheer up使振奋，使高兴dress up打扮put up建立，张贴grow up长大pick up捡起，拾起call up打电话show up出席，露面fix up修理
4、suffer from意为“受(某种病痛或伤痛)折磨;因….而受苦”。

Eg.She suffers from a headache.她受头痛折磨。

I’m suffering from a real lack of time this week.我这周正因时间不够用而受苦。

5、stop sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”=keep/ prevent sb. from doing sth.
但需注意prevent sb. from doing sth.中的from可省略，而keep sb. from doing sth.中的from不可省。

Eg.The workers had to work for hours to stop/keep/prevent the ship from going down.
工人们不得不工作数小时来阻止船下沉。

6、continue to do sth.意为“持续做某事”，可与continue doing sth.互换。

Eg. They continued to meet daily.他们持续每天会面。

He continued watching me.他持续观察我。

7、take pride in意为“感到自豪”= be proud of….
Eg.The young mother took pride in her son＝The young mother was proud of her son.
这位年轻的妈妈为她的儿子感到自豪。

I take pride in being a Chinese. =I'm proud of being a Chinese.
我为自己是中国人感到骄做。

Unit 3
1、get no chance of doing sth.意为“没有做某事的机会或可能”
Eg. She gets no chance of passing the exam.她不可能通过考试。

【拓展】get a chance of doing sth.有做某事的机会或可能
Eg. She gets a good chance of a successful recovery.她成功康复的机会很大。

2、first of all=first=firstly 首先
本单元语法：一般过去时的被动语态的构成
1、一般过去时的被动语态的构成
肯定句:主语+was/were+及物动词的过去分词+其他。

否定句:主语+was/were+ not+及物动词的过去分词+其他。

一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他?
特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were+主语+及物动词的过去分词+其他?
Eg. The bank was robbed last night.昨晚那家银行被抢劫了。

The work wasn’t done by them.那项工作不是他们做的。

Was the cup broken by Tom?杯子是被汤姆打碎的吗?
When was the telephone invented?电话是何时被发明的?
【助记】主动语态变被动语态
主动变被动要牢记，不及物动词不参与，动作对象是主语，被动结构要记住，若问时态怎么办，主动被动一样的。

练习(2018·南京中考)--Simon，do you know who invented the kite?
-Sure! It by Mozi over 2,000 years ago.
A. is invented
B. invented
C. was invented
D. will be invented
2、被动语态用法总结
根据时态，将一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的主动语态和被动语态总结如下(以do为例):
被动语态的肯定句形式、否定句形式和疑问句形式如下表(以do为例)。