2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第89期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B
卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
不定项选择题
The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to the growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct. The guilds themselves, dominated by the master men, had grown selfish and exclusive. Membership in them was commonly restricted to a few privileged families. Besides, they were so completely choked by tradition that they were unable to make adjustments to changing conditions. Moreover, new industries had sprung up entirely outside the guild system. Characteristic examples were mining and smelting and the woolen industry. The rapid development of these enterprises was stimulated by technical advances, such as the invention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a wine method of making brass, which asked about half of the fuel previously used. In the mining and smelting industries a form of organization was adopted similar to that which has prevailed ever since.
But the most typical form of industrial production in the Commercial Revolution was the domestic system, developed first of all in the woolen industry. The domestic system derives its name from the fact that the work was done in the homes of industrial artisans instead of in the shop of a master craftsman. Since the various jobs in the manufacture of a product were given out on contract, the system is also known as the putting out system. Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic. The raw material was purchased by an entrepreneur and assigned to individual worker, each of whom would complete his allotted task for a stipulated payment. In the case of the woolen industry the yarn would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers, fillers, and dyer in succession. When the cloth was finally finished, it would be taken by the clothier and sold in the open market for the highest price it would bring.
1. According to the article, what changes did the Commercial Revolution bring about?
2. The word “defunct” in the first paragraph most probably means（）.
3. According to the article, in which area was it more energy-effective?
4. The author implies that（）.
5. According to the article, which one of the following statements is NOT true?
问题1选项
A.Methods of production.
B.Appearance of craft guilds.
C.Increased trade volume.
D.Growth of trade, banking and methods of production.
问题2选项
A.popular
B.obsolete
C.potential
D.extensive
问题3选项
A.Smelting industry
B.Mining industry
C.Banking
D.Weaving
问题4选项
A.the guild system was more efficient
B.the domestic system was capitalistic
C.the technical advance stimulated the guild system
D.the domestic system was not as efficient as the guild system
问题5选项
A.Technical advances stimulated the development of enterprises.
B.In the woolen industry, weavers would pass on their products to spinners.
C.The domestic system is also known as the putting out system.
D.The word “clothier” is synonymous to “entrepreneur” in this context.
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:B
第3题:A
第4题:B
第5题:B
【解析】第1题:细节事实题。

根据文章内容，商业革命带来了哪些变化？选项A “生产方式”；选项B“手工业工会的出现”；选项C“贸易量的增加”；选项D“贸易，银行和生产方式的进步”，根据第一段第一句的内容“The Commercial Revolution was not confined, of course, to th e growth of trade and banking. Included in it also were fundamental changes in methods of production. 当然，商业革命没有限制贸易和银行业的发展。

它还带来了生产方式的根本性变化”，所以商业革命的影响包括两方面的内容，选项A和选项B表达的都正确，但是只是一部分的影响，不全面，所以可以排除；选项C错误；故正确答案为选项D。

第2题:词义辨析题。

第一段中“defunct”这个单词大概的意思是，popular “流行的”；obsolete“废弃的，已经过时的”；potential“潜在的；有潜力的”；extensive“广泛的”，我们可以根据下文来猜测这个单词的含义，根据第一段最后一句话“The guilds themselves, dominated by the master men, had grown selfish and exclusive. 工会本身被精通技术的人主导，变得自私和排他”，这句话是对“defunct”所在句“The system of manufacture developed by the craft guilds in the later Middle Ages was rapidly becoming defunct”中世纪晚期，由手工工会发展而来的制造业迅速地变得“defunct”的进一步解释说明，所以由selfish和exclusive可知defunct的意思应该是obsolete，故正确答案为选项B。

第3题:推理判断题。

根据文章内容，哪个地方的能源利用最高效？选项A“冶炼行业”；选项B“煤矿业”；选项C“银行业”；选项D“纺织业”；根据文章第二段中“such as the inv ention of the spinning wheel and the discovery of a wine method of making brass, which asked about half of the fuel previously used.如转轮的发明和葡萄酒生产铜的方法，它们只需要以前大约一半的燃料使用”，可知由于技术的改进，在冶炼行业能源的使用变得十分的高效,故正确答案为选项A。

第4题:细节事实题。

作者暗示什么，选项A“工会制度更加高效”；选项B“家庭手工制是资本主义”；选项C“技术进步刺激了工会制度”；选项D“家庭手工制不如工会制度那么有效率”，根据文章第三段中“Notwithstanding the petty scale of production, the organization was basically capitalistic尽管生产规模小，组织基本上是资本主义”，可知家庭手工制是资本主义，故正确答案为选项B。

第5题:细节事实题。

根据文章内容，以下哪个陈述是不对的？选项A“技术进步刺激了企业的发展”；选项B“在羊毛工业中，织布工可以把产品传递给纺纱工”；选项C“家庭手工业也称为散工制”；选项D在这篇文章中，“呢绒商”是“企业家”的代名词，根据文章第三段中“In the case of the woolen industry the yarn would be given out first of all to the spinners, then to the weavers… 羊毛产业的纱线会首先给纺纱工，然后传递给织布工”，可知并非织布工把产品传递给纺纱工，故正确答案为选项B。

2.
单选题
The boy seemed more（）to their poverty, after seeing how his grandparents lived.
问题1选项
A.reconciled
B.consolidated
C.deteriorated
D.attributed
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

reconciled“妥协的；将就的”；consolidated“巩固的；统一的”；deteriorated“恶化的；变坏的”；attributed“归于”，根据后半句“在得知他的祖母当时的生活后”，可知男孩在得知祖母当时更贫穷艰辛的生活后，会对自己的贫穷妥协，reconciled to表示“接受；甘心”。

句意：在得知他的祖母当时的生活后，这个男孩似乎……了自己家的贫穷。

故正确答案为选项A。

3.
单选题
The emphasis on examinations is by far the（）worst form of competition in schools.
问题1选项
A.negligent
B.edible
C.fabulous
D.disproportionate
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

negligent“疏忽的；大意的”；edible “可食用的”；fabulous “难以置信的；极好的”；disproportionate“不成比例的”，根据句子意思可知此处应该填一个形容词，并且是表示贬义的形容词来形容“强调考试”这种糟糕的竞赛方式，分析四个选项，只有disproportionate 最恰当。

句意：对考试的强调是目前学校里面最不合理……竞赛方式。

故正确答案为选项D。

4.
单选题
The young man liked the graceful girl next to the door at the first sight; the feeling is （）,as the girl smiled slightly at him.
问题1选项
A.mutual
B.visible
C.literal
D.inevitable
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项mutual“相互的，彼此的”；B选项visible“明显的，可见的”；C选项literal“文字的”；D选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。

句意：这个年轻人第一眼就喜欢门边那个优雅的姑娘，这种感觉是相互的，因为那女孩对他也微微一笑。

根据空格前后两句的意思以及常识，可知男孩喜欢女孩，而女孩也微笑回应，他们互有好感，A选项mutual“相互的，彼此的”意思对应。

因此A选项正确。

5.
单选题
More often than not, readers are just under the（）plots of science fictions and detective stories.
问题1选项A.implicit
B.intricate
C.obedient
D.instinctual
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；B选项intricate“错综复杂的”；C选项obedient“顺从的，服从的”；D选项instinctual“本能的”。

句意：通常情况下，读者只是置身在科幻小说和侦探小说（错综复杂）的情节之下。

此处填入空格的形容词是用来修饰plots（情节）。

结合句意“错综复杂的”修饰情节意思正确。

因此B选项符合句意。

6.
单选题
Last week the financial manager asked for a（）to Beijing branch, which was just set up three months ago.
问题1选项
A.transfer
B.transmission
C.transformation
D.transport
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。

A选项transfer“（地点的）转移，（工作的）调动”；B选项transmission“传递，传送；播送”；C选项transfo rmation“转化，转换”；D选项transport“运输”。

根据句意“上个星期财务部经理申请转去三个月前刚成立的北京分公司”，本句表示工作上的调动，句中which was just set up three months ago作非限制性定语从句，修饰Beijing branch, 因此A选项正确。

7.
单选题
In that country, a person who marries before legal age must have a parent’s（）to obtain a license.
问题1选项
A.sanction
B.warrant
C.magnate
D.affirmation
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

sanction“制裁；认可；支持”；warrant“证明；担保”；magnate“巨头；资本家”；affirmation“主张；断言”，根据句意可知在未到法定婚龄的时候结婚需要有父母的担保，这符合逻辑。

句意：在那个国家，在法定婚龄前结婚的人必须要在父母的……下才能拿到证。

故正确答案为选项B。

8.
单选题
According to the latest report, consumer confidence（）a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.
问题1选项
A.soared
B.mutated
C.plummeted
D.fluctuated 【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

soared“飘升”；mutated“变化；突变”；plummeted“骤降”；fluctuated“波动”，根据lowest level“最低水平”可知此处应该填plummeted。

句意：根据最近的报告，消费者信任度上个月惊人的……15个点，达到九年中最低值。

故正确答案为选项C。

9.
单选题
What the film company needs is an actor who can take on any kinds of（）roles.
问题1选项
A.diverse
B.versatile
C.variable
D.changeable
【答案】A
【解析】本题考查了形容词辨析。

diverse“不同的，多种多样的”；versatile“多才多艺的”；variable“变化的；可变的”；changeable“易变的；可变的”，根据题意可推知电影公司需要的是能够扮演不同角色的演员，四个选项中能够表示“不同的，多样的”只有diverse，故正确答案为选项A。

句意为：这家电影公司需要的是一个能担当各种不同角色的演员。

10.
不定项选择题
There is nothing that man fears more than the touch of the unknown. He wants to see what is reaching towards him, and to be able to recognize or at least classify it. Man always tends to avoid physical contact with anything strange. Even in sleep, when he is far more unguarded, he can all too easily be disturbed by a touch.
All the distances which men create round themselves are dictated by this fear. They shut themselves in houses which no one may enter, not only the fear of being robbed, but also the fear of a sudden and unexpected clutch out of the darkness. The fear of being touched remains
with us when we go about among people; the way we move in a busy street, in restaurants, trains or buses, is governed by it. Even when we are standing next to them and are able to watch and examine them closely, we avoid actual contact if we can. If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel attracted to someone; and then it is we who make the approach.
It is only in a crowd that man can become free of this fear of being touched. That is the only situation in which the fear changes into its opposite. The crowd he needs is the dense crowd, in which body is pressed to body; a crowd, too, whose physical constitution is also dense, or compact, so that he no longer notices who it is that presses against him. As soon as a man has surrendered himself to the crowd he ceases to fear its touch.
Ideally all are equal there; no distinctions count, not even that of sex. The man pressed against him is the same as himself. He feels him as he feels himself. Suddenly it is as though everything were happening in one and the same body. This is perhaps one of the reasons why a crowd seeks to close in on itself: it wants to rid each individual as completely as possible of the fear of being touched. The more fiercely people press together, the more certain they feel that they do not fear each other. This reversal of the fear of being touched belongs to the nature of crowds. The feeling of relief is most striking where the density of the crowd is greatest.
1. People fear burglars because（）.
2. In public, according to the author, we（）.
3. Which is the possible meaning of the phrase “make the approach” in Paragraph 3?
4. The way we feel when in a crowd is presented as a(n) （）.
5. Once formed, crowds always tend to（）.
问题1选项
A.they arrive suddenly and unexpectedly
B.they grab you in the dark
C.they take away your most treasured personal possessions
D.they attack people in the assumed safety of their home
问题2选项
A.always avoid contact with people
B.do not object to someone attractive touching us
C.feel very uneasy
D.try not to be touched
问题3选项
A.run away
B.make one’s way
y out the road
D.try to get nearer
问题4选项
A.absurdity
B.logical conclusion
C.opposite
D.paradox
问题5选项
A.become uncomfortable
B.contract
C.expand
D.split up
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:B
第5题:B
【解析】第1题:判断推理题。

文中第一句话There is nothing that man fears more than the touch
of the unknown.“没有什么比接触未知更让人害怕的了。

”以及第二段第二句They shut themselves in houses which no one may enter, not only the fear of being robbed, but also the fear of a sudden and unexpected clutch out of the darkness.“他们把自己关在一所不让人进去的房子里，不仅怕被抢劫，而且也怕突然地、意外地从黑暗中钻出来。

”有提到，人们害怕未知事物是因为怕黑暗中的突然意外。

A选项“他们来得突然，出乎意料”这是窃贼的特点，但不是人们害怕的理由；B选项“他们在黑暗中抓住你”，跟原文表达的意思是一样的；C选项“它们会带走你最珍贵的个人财产”文中有提及，但表示深层原因；D选项“他们在人们认为安全的家里攻击他们”跟“黑暗中被抓住”意思有出入。

因此B选项符合题意。

第2题:判断推理题。

文章第二段提到…we avoid actual contact if we can. If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel attracted to someone…“我们尽量避免实际接触。

如果我们不回避它，那是因为我们被某人吸引了”，由此可知，在公共场合，作者认为我们不反对有吸引力的人对我们的碰触，所以B选项符合题意。

A选项“总是避免与人接触”跟原文表述“尽量避免与人接触”还是有区别的，前者有些绝对化，人多的时候我们不可能避免接触，只是说尽量；C选项“感到十分不安”，文中没有提到关于心情方面；D选项“尽量不要被碰”也是比较绝对的说法。

因此B选项正确。

第3题:语义推测题。

由题意定位到文章第二段If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel attracted to someone; and then it is we who make the approach.“如果我们不回避它，那是因为我们被某人吸引了；然后是我们来采取行动。

”由此可知，make the approach意为“采取措施，采取行动”。

A选项“逃跑”意思不对；B选项“让路，行走”也不符合题意；C选项“铺设道路”可排除；D选项“试着靠近”与approach（靠近）意思一致，比较符合题意。

因此D选项正确。

第4题:判断推理题。

由题干定位到文章第三段It is only in a crowd that man can become free of this fear of being touched. That is the only situation in which the fear changes into its opposite.
“只有在人群中，人们才能摆脱被触碰的恐惧。

只有在这种情况下，恐惧才会变成与之相反的。

”后面还给出了相应的合理解释。

由此可知，我们在人群中一般的感受是合理的。

B选项“合乎逻辑的结论”符合题意；A选项“荒谬，谬论”与题意相反；C选项“相反的”并不是原文要表达的意思；D选项“悖论”不合题意可排除。

因此B选项正确。

第5题:判断推理题。

结合文章最后一段This is perhaps one of the reasons why a crowd seeks to close in on itself: it wants to rid each individual as completely as possible of the fear of being touched.“这也许是群体慢慢向他自己靠拢的原因之一：它希望尽可能彻底地消除每个个体对被触碰的恐惧。

”意思是人群多了，每个人所占据的空间就相应地缩小了，也就向自己越靠越紧了。

B选项contract“收缩”符合题意。

A选项“变得不舒服”，由最后一句话可知该选项意思不对；C选项“扩张”与题意正好相反；D选项“分开”文中未提及可排除。

因此B选项正确。

11.
单选题
I’ve had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able to（）the problem. 问题1选项
A.deduce
B.notify
C.highlight
D.pinpoint
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查了动词的辨析。

deduce“演绎，推理”；notify“通知”；highlight“强调，突出”；pinpoint“确定，准确指出”，根据mechanic“技术人员，修理工”与汽车的problem“问题”的关系，修理人员应该是查明或者指出问题的，所以此处应该使用动词 pinpoint，故正确答案为选项D。

12.
单选题
The eastern part of Australia is（）in climate to that of the western part.
问题1选项
A.productive
B.superior
C.prosperous
D.splendid
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

A选项productive“多产的”；B选项superior“优越的，上级的”；C选项prosperous“繁荣的，兴旺的”；D选项splendid“辉煌的，灿烂的”。

句意：澳大利亚东部的气候比西部的气候好。

本句有一个比较关系，be superior to“比……好，优于……”，所以B选项正确。

因此B 选项符合题意。

13.
单选题
NASA is casting a wider net in the space shuttle investigation as to what caused the spacecraft
to swing out of control and（）moments before it was to land. 问题1选项
A.disassemble
B.disembark
C.disintegrate
D.disinherit
【答案】C
【解析】考查同形词词义辨析。

disassemble“拆开；解开”；disembark“登录；上岸”；disintegrate“瓦解；破裂”；disinherit“剥夺……的继承权”，飞船失去控制的摇摆，然后在快要着陆的瞬间应该会发生比较严重的事件，分析四个选项的意思可知此处只有disintegrate符合句子意思。

句意：美国宇航局全方位的展开了对航天飞机的调查，关于是什么导致了飞船失去控制的摇摆，并在最后要着陆的时候……了。

故正确答案为选项C。

14.
单选题
Miss Rosemary Adang went through the composition carefully to（）all errors from it.
问题1选项
A.eliminate
B.terminate
C.illuminate
D.alleviate
【答案】A
【解析】同形词辨析题。

eliminate“排除；消除”；terminate“结束；终结”；illuminate “照亮”；alleviate“减轻；缓和”，“仔细地浏览作文”的目的是“排除错误”，符合逻辑，所以此处应该使用动词eliminate，故正确答案为选项A。

句意为：罗斯玛丽亚当小姐仔细地浏览作文，以排除所有错误。

15.
单选题
It is essential to be on the（）for any signs of movement in the undergrowth since there are poisonous snakes in the area.
问题1选项
A.guard
B.care
C.alert
D.alarm
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配。

根据句意可知此处要填一个词与be on the ... for构成搭配，表示“警惕、提防”的意思，care和alarm都不能与之构成搭配，be on the alert for是固定搭配表示“警惕、提防”的意思，guard通常的用法是be on guard for，guard的前面不需要加定冠词the，所以此处应该选择alert，故正确答案为选项C。