听力教程第三册答案UNIT3

Unit 3
Section One Tactics for listening
Part 1 Spot Dictation
Wildlife
Every ten minutes, one kind of animal, plant or insect (1) dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become (2) extinct twenty years from now.
The seas are in danger. They are being filled with (3) poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilizers and (4) pesticides, sewage. If nothing is done about it, one day soon nothing will be able to (5) live in the seas.
The tropical rain (6) forests, which are the home of half the earth's living things are (7) being destroyed. If nothing is done about it, they will have (8) nearly disappeared in twenty years. The effect on the world's (9) climate -and on our agriculture and food (10) supplies -will be disastrous.
(11) Fortunately, somebody is trying to do something about it. In 1961, the (12) World Wildlife Fund was founded - a small group of people who wanted to (13) raise money to save animals and plants (14) from extinction. Today, the World Wildlife Fund is a large (15) international organization. It has raised over (16) £35 million for (17) conservation projects, and has created or given support to the National Parks in (1 8) five continents. It has helped 30 (19) mammals and birds - including the tiger - to (20) survive.
Part 2 Listening for Gist
Mrs. Bates: Hullo. Is that Reception? .
Reception: Yes, madam
Mrs. Bates: This is Mrs. Bates. Room 504. I sent some clothes to the laundry this morning, two of my husband's shirts and three of my blouses. But they're not back yet. You see, we're leaving early tomorrow morning.
Reception: Just a moment, madam. I'll put you through to the housekeeper.
Housekeeper: Hullo. Housekeeper.
Mrs. Bates: Oh, hullo. This is ... I'm phoning from Room 504. It's about some clothes I sent to the laundry this morning. They're not back yet and you see ...
Housekeeper: They are, madam. You'll find them in your wardrobe. They're in the top drawer on the left.
Mrs. Bates: Oh, I didn't look in the wardrobe. Thank you very much.Sorry to trouble you. Housekeeper: That's quite all right. Goodbye.
Mrs. Bates: Goodbye.
Exercise
Directions: Listen to the dialogue and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.
This dialogue is about making an inquiry about the laundry.
The key words are reception. laundry. shirts. blouses. wardrobe.
Section Two Listening Comprehension
Part 1 Dialogue
A UN Interpreter
Interviewer: ... so perhaps you could tell us how exactly you became so proficient at language learning, Suzanne.
Suzanne: Well, I think it all started with a really fortunate accident of birth. You know I was born in Lausanne*, Switzerland; my father was Swiss-French Swiss and my mother was American, so, of course, we spoke both languages at home and I grew up bilingual. Then, of course, I learnt German at school - in Switzerland that's normal. And because I was already fluent in English, my second language at school was Italian. So I had a real head start*!
Interviewer: So that's ... one, two, three, four - you had learnt four languages by the time you left school? How fluent were you?
Suzanne: Urn, I was native speaker standard in French and English, but I'd become a bit rusty* in German and my Italian was only school standard. I decided the best option was to study in the UK, and I did Hispanic Studies at university, studying Spanish and Portuguese, with some Italian, and living in Manchester. Then I went to live in Brazil for two years, teaching English. Interviewer: So by this time you must have been fluent in six languages?
Suzanne: Nearly. My Italian wasn't perfect, but I had a boyfriend from Uruguay* while I was there, so my Spanish also became pretty good!
Interviewer: And then what did you do?
Suzanne: When I was 25 I came back to Switzerland, went to an interpreters' school and then got a job in the United Nations when I was 28.
Interviewer: And you've been there ever since?
Suzanne: Not quite. In the first few months I met Jan, a Czech interpreter, who became my husband. We went to live in Prague in 1987 and that was where I learnt Czech.
Interviewer: And the eighth language?
Suzanne: Well, unfortunately the marriage didn't last; I was very upset and I decided to take a long break. I went to Japan on holiday, got a job and stayed for two years, which was when I learnt Japanese.
Interviewer: That's amazing! And now you're back at the United Nations?
Suzanne: Yes. Well, I never really left. I carried on doing work for them when I was in Prague -some in Prague, some in Austria and Switzerland, and I took a "sabbatical*" to work in Japan. They need people who can understand Japanese. But, yes, I've been back with them full-time for two years now.
Interviewer: And your plans for the future?
Suzanne: I'm going to learn more Oriental languages. It was such a challenge learning Japanese -it's so different from all the others. So I'll spend another two or three years here with the UN full-time, during which time I hope to get a substantial promotion, then I think I'll go back and learn Korean, or perhaps Chinese, and Thai - I'd love to learn Thai. And then, perhaps an Indian language. Whatever, I want to be fluent in another three or four languages before 45.
Exercise
Directions: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
l.T 2.F 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9. T 10. F
Part 2 Passage
The Clyde River
Salmon are very sensitive to environmental conditions and require cool, well-oxygenated water to thrive.
The closure of factories that had poured toxins and other pollutants into the river boosted water quality significantly and modern sewage processing plants helped eliminate some of the foul smells.
The river's depth and navigability helped make Glasgow an important center for importing tobacco, sugar and cotton from the Americas starting in the 1600s.
The mills and factories that lined the Clyde made steel, textiles and chemicals, tanned leather and even produced candy and brewed alcohol.
When the factories began to close in the second half of the 20th century, working-class Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, gained a reputation for social deprivation and rough streets.
Running through one of Britain's biggest manufacturing centers, Glasgow, the Clyde River* was poisoned for more than a century by the fetid* byproducts of industry.
The waterway bore the brunt of Glasgow's economic success during the Industrial Revolution and beyond, as pollution and chemicals destroyed its fish and wildlife populations and brewed smells whose memory still makes residents wince*. Now, with heavy industry gone and Glasgow reconceived as a center for culture and tourism, the Clyde is coming back to life.
For the first time since the late 1800s, its native salmon have returned in sizable numbers, reflecting the new cleanliness of a river that was once one of Britain's filthiest.
The Clyde River Foundation surveyed fish populations last autumn at 69 sites in the Clyde and its tributaries, and found salmon in seven of the nine major tributaries.
The migratory fish, which vanished from the Clyde around 1880 after a long decline, first reappeared in the 1980s, but last year's survey was the first to show they've come back in healthy numbers.
Although commercial salmon fishing was never widespread on the Clyde, the fish's return is symbolically important for Glasgow, where salmon were once so important to the city's identity that two are pictured on its official coat of arms.
The salmon's comeback is also a sign of big improvements to water quality. Like sea trout, which have also reappeared in the Clyde system in recent years, salmon are very sensitive to environmental conditions and require cool, well-oxygenated* water to thrive.
The decline of Glasgow's main industries helped boost the fortunes of a river that was essentially fishless for decades during the worst periods of pollution.
The closure of factories that had poured toxins* and other pollutants into the river boosted water quality significantly. Environmental regulators also lightened dumping rules, and modern sewage processing plants helped eliminate some of the foul* smells that once tainted* the air.
With worries rising about the environmental impact of enormous fish farms elsewhere in Scotland and severely depleted fish stocks in the North Sea and North Atlantic, the Clyde comeback is a rare bit of good news for Scotland's fish lovers.
Since the area that is now Glasgow was first settled around the year 550, the Clyde has been central to its history.
The river's depth and navigability helped make Glasgow an important center for importing tobacco, sugar and cotton from the Americas starting in the 1600s. Later, during the Industrial
Revolution that began in the late 1700s, Glasgow became a center of British shipbuilding and one of the country's great manufacturing centers.
The mills and factories that lined the Clyde made steel, textiles and chemicals, tanned leather and even produced candy and brewed alcohol.
When the factories began to close in the second half of the 20th century, working-class Glasgow, Scotland's largest city, gained a reputation for social deprivation* and rough streets. More recently, its art museums and nightlife have helped drive an economic comeback that has turned the city into a popular tourist destination.
Exercise A Pre-listening Question
Rivers are important to humans because they supply fresh drinking water, serve as home for important fishes, and provide transportation routes.
Exercise B Sentence Dictation
Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.
(Refer to Typescript)
Exercise C Detailed Listening
Directions: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
l.A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A
Exercise D After-listening Discussion
Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.
The Clyde's depth and navigability helped make Glasgow an important center for importing tobacco, sugar and cotton from the Americas starting in the 1600s. And the city became a center of British shipbuilding and one of the country's great manufacturing centers during the Industrial Revolution. More recently, its art museums and nightlife have helped drive an economic comeback that has turned the city into a popular tourist destination.
(Open)
Section Three :News
News Item1
NATO Expansion
Seven countries are expected to become members of the Transatlantic Alliance at the Prague Summit: Bulgaria*, Estonia*, Latvia*, Lithuania*, Romania, Slovakia* and Slovenia*. For most people in these countries, formally joining the West represents the fulfillment of lifelong dreams. Eastward expansion is not the only issue to be discussed at the Prague Summit. Many people believe the political and military alliance, created after World War II to provide a collective security system for the ten West European countries and the United States and Canada, lost its purpose with the collapse of the Soviet Union - for many years its only threat.
NATO expansion and its post-Cold War role have been the subject of endless debate on both sides of the Atlantic, especially after the terrorist attacks on the United States.
A possible war in Iraq is also high on the Prague agenda. Critics in the United States note few of the current candidates for membership have military forces that can contribute significantly to the new form of conflict. Some observers cite the importance of even minimal contributions, such as participating in NATO border defense, surveillance* or peace-keeping operations. Exercise A
Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.
This news item is about the NATO eastward expansion and its military contribution.
Exercise B
Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.
At the Prague Summit many people believe the political and military alliance, created after World War II to provide a collective security system for the ten West European countries and the United States and Canada, lost its purpose with the collapse of the Soviet Union - for many years its only threat.
Another item on the Prague agenda is a possible war in Iraq. Critics in the United States note that the new comers have no military forces that can /contribute significantly to the new form of conflict. Some observers cite the importance of even minimal contributions, such as participating in NATO border defense. surveillance or peace-keeping operations.
News Item2
NATO Summit
One month and one day before the Prague summit, President Bush met with the NATO Secretary General George Robertson and praised the alliance. At the time, Mr. Robertson described the Prague meeting as "a transformational summit", perhaps the most important in the history of the alliance.
It is a transformation that began with the end of the Cold War, and gained momentum with the September 11th terrorist attacks on the United States.
Just days after hijacked planes rammed into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, NATO voted to invoke its charter and help defend the United States. The Bush administration thanked the alliance, asked for NATO help with surveillance flights over the east coast, and then proceeded to launch a war on terrorism outside the structure of the alliance.
At the Prague meeting -the first NATO summit since the terrorist attacks on America -the alliance will take up the creation of a rapid deployment force which could be deployed outside Europe. Members will be asked to commit units with specialty skills that can be used in unique situations such as forces trained in dealing with chemical weapons or the special challenges of fighting in rugged* mountains.
Exercise A
Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.
This news item is about NATO's Prague Summit and its help to the USA.
Exercise B
Directions: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.
One month and one day before the Prague summit, President Bush met with the NATO Secretary General.
When meeting with President Bush, the NATO Secretary General described the Prague summit as "a transformational summit", perhaps the most important in the history of the alliance. Because just days after September 11 th terrorist attacks, NATO voted to invoke its charter and help defend the United States.
They are the skills that can deal with chemical weapons or fight in rugged mountains and the like. News Item3
Putin-Bush Summit
Presidents Bush and Putin ended their talks with a joint statement in which they said Iraq must comply with UN demands to disarm or face major consequences.
They stressed Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein must comply fully and unconditionally with the latest Security Council disarmament resolution, and they expressed concern about the proliferation* of weapons of mass destruction.
Russia backed the UN resolution as one of the five permanent members of the Security Council. But Moscow does not support the use of force against Iraq.
At the end of their meeting in an 18th-century castle near the St. Petersburg airport, Mr. Putin said he still hopes diplomatic pressure will produce results. And he urged President Bush to continue to work through the UN.
Their statement on Iraq bears a striking resemblance to the language approved by the 19 NATO member countries at the Prague summit. Mr. Bush told reporters that it is important to assure Russia that it has nothing to fear from NATO expansion.
Exercise A
Directions: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.
This news item is about the talks between the US president and the Russian president. Exercise B
Directions: Listen to the news again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
l. .F 2. T 3. T 4.F 5. T
Section Four Supplementary Exercises
Part 1Feature Report
Bush’s Arrival in Europe
Air Force One touched down on a cool, rainy summer's night at a military base outside London. Mr. Bush said nothing to reporters during the more than seven-hour flight from Washington, and he left the air base without making any remarks.
But before he left the White House, the president said he will stand firm on his positions on global warming and missile defense. They are issues that have divided America and its European allies. And the prospects for a quick resolution are as gloomy as the skies that greeted his arrival on European soil.
These are issues sure to be discussed at length on the sidelines of the Genoa* summit meeting. The leaders of the world's seven largest industrialized countries plus Russia have put the plight* of the world's poorest nations at the top of their formal agenda. But no one expects to avoid the controversies
Generated by President Bush's opposition to the Kyoto* climate treaty, and his plan to develop a missile defense system. i
In an interview with foreign journalists prior to his departure for London, Mr. Bush talked about the dispute over the Kyoto protocol. He said some leaders have been more sympathetic to his view than others. And he said he will seek to reassure critics that the United States is seeking viable* alternatives to the agreement, which calls for mandatory* controls on emissions of certain gases, such as carbon dioxide.
His talks Thursday with British Prime Minister Tony Blair could provide a clue of what lies ahead. The two will meet at Chequers, Mr. Blair's official residence in the British countryside. A
spokesman for the Prime Minister indicates on global warming and missile defense the two leaders may simply agree to disagree.
It will be a serene* spot for a meeting. All indications at the reception awaiting the G-8 summit participants in Genoa will be quite the opposite.
About a hundred thousand protestors are expected and elaborate security measures are in place in the Italian port city. President Bush says he can't quite understand what motivates the demonstrators. In his interview with foreign reporters, he said their aggressive protest tactics do more harm than good. He added their anti-trade stance* would lock people into* poverty. Exercise A
Directions: Listen to the news report and complete the summary.
This news report is about the attitudes of President Bush and the US government towards the issues of global warming and missile defense.
Exercise B
Directions: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.
Mr. Bush arrived in London for a short visit before the G-8 summit in Genoa.
But before he left the White House, the president said he will stand firm on his positions on global warming and missile defense, the issues that have divided America and its European allies and are sure to be discussed at length at the Genoa summit meeting.
The leaders of the world's seven largest industrialized countries plus Russia have put the plight of the world's poorest nations at the top of their formal agenda. But no one expects to avoid the controversies generated by President Bush's opposition to the Kyoto climate treaty; and his plan to develop a missile defense system.
Mr. Bush defended his stance by saying that the United States is seeking viable alternatives to the agreement, which calls for mandatory controls on emissions of certain gases, such as carbon dioxide.
About a hundred thousand protestors are expected and elaborate security measures are in place in the Italian port city.
Part 2 Passage
Corn Plastics
The sugar is fermented and distilled to extract the carbon, a basic building block for commercial-grade plastics and fibers.
Perhaps the greatest appeal of corn plastics is their green credentials. They go back to nature in 40 days.
The biggest demand for corn plastics has been outside the United States, where packing components are developed for many products exported to America.
Corn-based plates are about 5 percent more expensive than traditional plastic, and the cups can be 25 percent more costly.
5) A billion pounds of PLA can be harvested annually within a decade, which would mean 10 percent of America’s corn supply would be into plastics and fiber.s
Corn plastic are being developed by Cargill Dpw LLC at its plant outside Blair,where refined corn suger is converted into a substance called polyactide or PLA . . The sugar is fermented* and distilled* to extract the carbon, a basic building block for commercial-grade plastics and fibers. PLA, in pellets* the size of 0.46 centimeters in diameter, is being pressed into packaging for food, plastic wrap, foam and dinner ware. It is spun into fabrics at plants in North Carolina, Hong Kong
and several cities in Japan, and marketed under the Ingeo* brand of clothing and blankets. Cargill Dow, a joint venture between privately held food giant Cargill Inc. and Dow Chemical Co., says Ingeo means "ingredients from the Earth".
DuPont Co. is in the early stages of developing a similar product, but it still includes some petroleum. The company is part of a consortium* that received US$19 million from the US Department of Energy to develop a way to turn com stocks, stems and leaves into a polymer* from which plastic can be made.
Perhaps the greatest appeal of com plastics is their green credentials. It takes about a month for plastic bags made from com to degrade in a compost. A similar oil-based plastic bag could take centuries to decompose.
Coca~Cola Co. used 500,000 cups made from com plastics at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City last year. Instead of creating a large trash problem, used cups were simply composted and quickly turned into dirt.
"The product performed beautifully. They go back to nature in 40 days," said Frederic Scheer, president of Los Angeles-based Biocorp North America, which supplied the cups.
The biggest demand for com plastics has been outside the United States, including China's Taiwan island, where packing components are developed for many products exported to America. Taiwan bans petroleum-based plastic shopping bags and disposable plastic tableware. Electronics giant Sony Corp was involved in the early development of com plastics and has wrapped its mini discs in a com-based film made by Cargill Dow for two years. Cargill Dow also reached an agreement with Taiwan-based Wei Mon Industry to distribute com-plastic packaging materials. IPER, one of Italy's largest supermarket chains, has been working with the natural-based packaging from Cargill Dow for nearly a year for film containers and heat-sealable film overlays. The com-based plastic is more costly now. Biocorp North America*'s com-based plates are about 5 percent more expensive than traditional plastic, and the cups can be 25 percent more costly. But Scheer said the price will decline as production goes up with demand - which he expects to see within five years. That could amount to a highly productive and new use of America's com supply, which is so abundant that it is widely converted into com-based sweeteners and animal feed.
Cargill Dow believes a billion pounds of PLA can be harvested annually within a decade. That would mean 10 percent of America's com supply would be converted into plastics and fibers. Exercise A Pre-listening Question
Com starch is used primarily as a thickener. Sweeteners generated in the com-refining process are used as sugar substitutes. Refined com oil is used as cooking oil and producers of margarine, salad dressings, shortening, mayonnaise and other foods. The second major refined corn product is ethanol, which is gaining increasing acceptance as a cleaner burning option for motor fuels. The latest development in this field is the making of corn-based bio-chemical products like corn plastic and fiber.
Exercise B Sentence Dictation
Directions: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.
Exercise C Detailed Listening
Directions: Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.
Corn plastics are being developed by Cargill Dow LLC at its plant outside Blair.
The substance is called polylactide or PLA.
"Ingeo" is a brand of plastic fabrics made from corn sugar and it means "ingredients from the Earth".
It takes about a month for plastic bags made from corn to degrade in a compost. A similar oil-based plastic bag could take centuries to decompose.
Coca-Cola Co. used 500,000 cups made from corn plastics at the Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City.
Many corn-plastic products are mentioned, such as cups and plates, shopping bags, packing components and packaging materials, film containers and heat-sealable film overlays. Probably because the production is still low now and the price will decline as production goes up with demand - possibly within five years.
Cargill Dow believes a billion pounds of PLA can be harvested annually within a decade. Exercise D After-listening Discussion
Directions: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.
.
Frederic Scheer said the price will decline as production goes up with demand - which he expects to see within five years. That could amount to a highly productive and new use of America's corn supply, which is so abundant that it is widely converted into corn-based sweeteners and animal feed.
(Open)。