英汉翻译理论与技巧之否定
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The use of “yes” and “no”. A: Are you not going tomorrow? B: No, I’m not going.
I don’t think he is correct.
否定的类型 II. 否定的转移 III. 正反译
I.
1. Partial Negation (not every, not all, not much, not many, not always, etc.) Eg: He was not entirely happy. 他并不是很高兴。 2. Full Negation(Also absolute negatives) (no, not, none, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere, neither, nor; not at all, by no means, in no way, none, nothing short of, etc.) Eg: Pizza Hut was nowhere to be found in this small town. 这座小城哪都没有必胜客。
2. Other transfer of negation
Plastics for industrial purposes are not valuable because they are colorful. 工业塑料的价值并不在于/并不是因为其颜色 鲜艳。 He gave me not a moment to collect my thoughts. 他片刻也没让我集中精神。 Stick no bills. 禁止张贴。
1. From finite verbs to other parts of the sentence
It doesn’t seem to me that he knows the truth. 我看他不知道真相。 It is not our view (opinion) that the substance or the tone of his remarks this morning will contribute to creating a lasting peace in the Middle East. 我们认为，他今天早上讲话的内容和口气都无助 于在中东创建持久的和平。
6. Words with Negative Implication (fail, without, beyond, until, unless, lest, ignorant, refrain, refuse, neglect, absence, instead of, other than, except, rather than, etc.) Failing to prepare is prepare to fail. 没有准备就等于准备失败。 He is far from being honest. 他极不老实。
I didn’t happen to be there that day. 那天我碰巧不在那里。 He didn’t come to school by bus. 他不是坐车来学校的。 We do not live to eat. 我们活着不是为了吃。 Don’t think ill of me because I use her help. 不要因为我使唤了她就把我想歪了。 I don’t suppose anyone will object to my suggestion. 我想不会有人反对我的提议。
他们性情温柔，心地善良，宽容随和。他们往往迁 就孩子，总是满心欢喜地跑去买孩子要求的任何东 西。
He is not a scholar. 他不是一个学者。 He is not a fool. 他不是个傻子。
He is no scholar. 他不可能是一个学者。 He is no fool. 他很精明。
3. Double Negation* She was not unfamiliar with the works of Dickens. (= She was very familiar with…) I do not disagree. I certainly agree./You may be right, although I am not sure. /There is no mistake in what you say, but there is more to it than that. Mr. Jones was not incompetent.
2. Turn negative in English into affirmative in Chinese As children, we often do not think of our mother as having an age. 身为儿女，我们往往忽略了母亲的年龄。 They are soft, good-natured, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for.
At first, he was a total stranger in this city. 一开始，他在这个城市里一个人也不认识。 I will be damned if I will go. 打死我也不去。 Some 59 percent of candidate teachers flunked the certification course. 大约59%的候补教师未能通过教师资格课程考试。 You are telling me! 不用你说。
1. Turn affirmative in English into negative in Chinese Make yourself at home. 别客气。 All music is alike to him. 他对音乐一窍不通。 I know better. 我认为并非如此。 This is the first time I have heard of him. 我从来没听说过他。
4. Semi-Negation (hardly, scarcely, seldom, barely, few, little, etc) They rarely, if ever, come to work late and leave off early. 他们工作几乎从不迟到早退。 Little did I think that I should see you in Washington. 没想到我会在华盛顿见到你！
5. Pleonastic Negation*: (A negative sentence with affirmative meaning.) My mother read the little poem and began to cry. “Buddy, you didn’t really write this beautiful, beautiful poem!” 我妈妈读完这首小诗便大叫起来：“宝贝，你写了 一首多漂亮的诗啊！” I asked him if I could not do anything for him. 我问他也许我能帮他做点什么吧。 I wonder if/whether we cannot get any more. 我想知道我们再拿一些行不行。
Байду номын сангаасHe took no little pains over it. 这事他花了不少力气。 What nonsense would he not talk. 他尽会胡说八道。
Note: Negation cannot be transferred from verbs like “assume”, “surmise”, “fear”, “be afraid”.
Which of the following sentences is correct? I am not afraid that he will come next week. I am afraid that he will not come next week.
I don’t think he is correct.
否定的类型 II. 否定的转移 III. 正反译
I.
1. Partial Negation (not every, not all, not much, not many, not always, etc.) Eg: He was not entirely happy. 他并不是很高兴。 2. Full Negation(Also absolute negatives) (no, not, none, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere, neither, nor; not at all, by no means, in no way, none, nothing short of, etc.) Eg: Pizza Hut was nowhere to be found in this small town. 这座小城哪都没有必胜客。
2. Other transfer of negation
Plastics for industrial purposes are not valuable because they are colorful. 工业塑料的价值并不在于/并不是因为其颜色 鲜艳。 He gave me not a moment to collect my thoughts. 他片刻也没让我集中精神。 Stick no bills. 禁止张贴。
1. From finite verbs to other parts of the sentence
It doesn’t seem to me that he knows the truth. 我看他不知道真相。 It is not our view (opinion) that the substance or the tone of his remarks this morning will contribute to creating a lasting peace in the Middle East. 我们认为，他今天早上讲话的内容和口气都无助 于在中东创建持久的和平。
6. Words with Negative Implication (fail, without, beyond, until, unless, lest, ignorant, refrain, refuse, neglect, absence, instead of, other than, except, rather than, etc.) Failing to prepare is prepare to fail. 没有准备就等于准备失败。 He is far from being honest. 他极不老实。
I didn’t happen to be there that day. 那天我碰巧不在那里。 He didn’t come to school by bus. 他不是坐车来学校的。 We do not live to eat. 我们活着不是为了吃。 Don’t think ill of me because I use her help. 不要因为我使唤了她就把我想歪了。 I don’t suppose anyone will object to my suggestion. 我想不会有人反对我的提议。
他们性情温柔，心地善良，宽容随和。他们往往迁 就孩子，总是满心欢喜地跑去买孩子要求的任何东 西。
He is not a scholar. 他不是一个学者。 He is not a fool. 他不是个傻子。
He is no scholar. 他不可能是一个学者。 He is no fool. 他很精明。
3. Double Negation* She was not unfamiliar with the works of Dickens. (= She was very familiar with…) I do not disagree. I certainly agree./You may be right, although I am not sure. /There is no mistake in what you say, but there is more to it than that. Mr. Jones was not incompetent.
2. Turn negative in English into affirmative in Chinese As children, we often do not think of our mother as having an age. 身为儿女，我们往往忽略了母亲的年龄。 They are soft, good-natured, and easy-going. They never deny their children any wish, and cheerfully run to buy anything their children ask for.
At first, he was a total stranger in this city. 一开始，他在这个城市里一个人也不认识。 I will be damned if I will go. 打死我也不去。 Some 59 percent of candidate teachers flunked the certification course. 大约59%的候补教师未能通过教师资格课程考试。 You are telling me! 不用你说。
1. Turn affirmative in English into negative in Chinese Make yourself at home. 别客气。 All music is alike to him. 他对音乐一窍不通。 I know better. 我认为并非如此。 This is the first time I have heard of him. 我从来没听说过他。
4. Semi-Negation (hardly, scarcely, seldom, barely, few, little, etc) They rarely, if ever, come to work late and leave off early. 他们工作几乎从不迟到早退。 Little did I think that I should see you in Washington. 没想到我会在华盛顿见到你！
5. Pleonastic Negation*: (A negative sentence with affirmative meaning.) My mother read the little poem and began to cry. “Buddy, you didn’t really write this beautiful, beautiful poem!” 我妈妈读完这首小诗便大叫起来：“宝贝，你写了 一首多漂亮的诗啊！” I asked him if I could not do anything for him. 我问他也许我能帮他做点什么吧。 I wonder if/whether we cannot get any more. 我想知道我们再拿一些行不行。
Байду номын сангаасHe took no little pains over it. 这事他花了不少力气。 What nonsense would he not talk. 他尽会胡说八道。
Note: Negation cannot be transferred from verbs like “assume”, “surmise”, “fear”, “be afraid”.
Which of the following sentences is correct? I am not afraid that he will come next week. I am afraid that he will not come next week.