高中英语 Unit 3 A healty life同步练习 新人教版选修6

Unit 3 A healty life
话题诵读日积月累
[导语] 每天笑15分钟可以使你的心脏更健康。

美国科学家的两项最新研究结果显示，笑能使人精神愉悦，同时还对心脏大有好处；相反，心情沮丧则不利于身体健康，甚至会增加早死的危险。

Laughter is good for the heart because it prolongs life while depression increases the risk of an early death，according to two new studies.A good deal of laughter every day provides similar cardiovascular benefits as exercise because it stimulates the blood flow，said Michael Miller，who headed one research team at the University of Maryland.
On the other hand，depression or the lack of laughter is often linked to unhealthy habits such as smoking and drug addiction and increases the risk of death by 44 percent，said Wein Jiang，who led a study of 1，000 heart patients for the University of North Carolina.
While laughter should not replace exercise，he said，“We do recommend that you try to laugh on a regular basis.Thirty minutes of exercise three times a week，and 15 minutes of laughter on a daily basis is probably good for the vascular system”．[词海拾贝]
1．prolong vt.延长，拉长，拖延，延期
2．cardiovascular adj.心血管的
3．stimulate vt.刺激，激励，使兴奋vi.起兴奋作用，起刺激作用
4．vascular system血管系统；维管系
[问题思考]
1．What effect does laughter have on the heart?
_______________________________________________________
2．Can laughter replace exercise?
_______________________________________________________
答案：1.It can stimulate the blood flow，which does good to the heart.
2．No，it can't.
自主预习步步提高
词汇识记
Ⅰ.将单词与其正确释义连线
1．alcohol A．青少年
2．adolescent B．困难的；强硬的
3．tough C．无意识的；自动的
4．withdrawal D．酒；酒精
5．automatic E．收回；撤退
6．abnormal F．尴尬的
7．chemist G．药剂师；化学家
8．survival H．幸存
9．prejudice I．畸形的；异常的
10．embarrassed J．偏见；成见
答案：1－D 2－A 3－B 4－E 5－C 6－I 7－G
8－H 9－J 10－F
Ⅱ.根据所给汉语提示写出单词
1．____________ n．香烟
2．____________ n．压力；重音；使紧张；加压于
3．____________ adj.精神的；智力的
4．____________ adj.气喘吁吁的
5．____________ vt. & vi.加强；巩固；变强
答案：1.cigarette 2.stress 3.mental 4.breathless 5.strengthen
Ⅲ.根据英语释义写出单词
1．________：when a sum of money must be paid immediately or expected or arranged 2．________：a change that sb/sth causes in sb/sth else；a result
3．________：to make bad or wrong use of or unfair，cruel or violent treatment of sb
4．________：in the habit of or be adapted to
5．________：unable to stop taking harmful drugs, or using or doing sth as a habit
6．________：to forbid
7．________：feeling embarrassed and guilty because of sth you have done 8．________：to leave a job, school etc, especially without finishing it completely
答案：1.due 2.effect 3.abuse 4.accustomed 5.addicted 6.ban 7.ashamed
8.quit
Ⅳ.选用短语的正确形式完成句子
2．Has Mary ____________________ a date for the wedding?
3．I ____________________________________ the film C J7.
4．I don't _____________________ doing my homework now.
5．She has ________________ living in the mountain village.
答案：1.due to 2.decided on 3.was addicted to 4.feel like 5.become accustomed to
Ⅴ.领会句子所用句型并译成汉语
1．It__seems__amazing__that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2．As__you__know，if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
3．But I__did finally manage.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
4．Neither__did__I know that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non －smokers.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
5．When I was taken off the school football team because I was unfit，I knew it__was__time__to__quit smoking.
_______________________________________________________
6．Every__time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a non－smoker.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
答案：1.感到惊奇吧，像我这样的年纪，身体健康而且能在一个下午骑车跑20千米。

2．正如你所知道的，如果你反复做同一件事，你就会不自觉地做它。

3．但是最后我的确是成功了。

4．我也不知道我吸烟竟然会影响到那些不吸烟者的健康。

5．当因为我不再适合踢球而被学校足球队开除以后，我意识到自己是时候戒烟了。

6．每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己，你(已经)是不抽烟的人了。

语篇理解
课文表层理解
Ⅰ.判断正(T)误(F)
1．James' grandad knew much about the harmful effects of smoking when he was young.( )
2．If you can break the habit, you can stop smoking.( )
3．To stop smoking, you should choose a day that you know is going to be stressful.( )
4．No matter how many times you have tried, just keep trying.( )
5．Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non－smoker.( )
答案：1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.T
Ⅱ.读课文回答问题
1．List the ways people become addicted to cigarettes according to the passage.(no more than 10 words)
①____________________________________________________
②____________________________________________________
③_____________________________________________________
2．In what ways is smoking harmful? (no more than 3 words)
_______________________________________________________
3．What do we know from the first sentence of the letter? (no more than 7 words) _______________________________________________________
4．In what way did the old man try to persuade his grandson to give up smoking? (no more than 3 words)
_______________________________________________________
5．List the suggestions on how to quit smoking that James' grandpa found on the Internet.(no more than 18 words)
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
答案：1.①Physically addicted to nicotine. ②Addicted through habit. ③Mentally addicted. 2.Mentally and physically. 3.James' grandpa lives a healthy life. 4.His own experience. 5.①Prepare yourself. ②Be determined. ③Break the habit. ④Relax. ⑤Get help if you need it. ⑥Keep trying.
Ⅲ.阅读P18的Reading部分，完成下列表格
Advice from Grandad
7.smell 8.Affect 9.sport 10.quit
课文深层理解
Ⅰ.读课文匹配段落大意
1．Para.1 A．He wanted to make it believable to quit smoking by mentioning his own experience of smoking.
2．Para.2 B．Prepare yourself, be determined, break the habit, relax, get help if you need it and keep trying.
3．Para.3 C．A long and active life must be due to the healthy life a person lives.
4．Para.4 D．Because he knows his grandson started smoking and found it difficult to give it up.He wanted to give him some advice on how to quit smoking.
答案：1.C 2.D 3.A 4.B
Ⅱ.阅读P18教材原文，选择最佳答案
1．Why did James' grandfather write to James?
A．Because he wanted to tell James his experience.
B．Because he wanted to tell James the harmful effects of smoking.
C．Because he wanted to help James give up smoking.
D．Because he wanted to help James get some information.
2．From Para.3 we can learn that________．
A．a person can be addicted to nicotine because it is one of the chemicals in cigarettes
B．a person will be addicted to smoking if he treats it as a habit
C．a person will feel sick if his body gets used to having nicotine
D．a person will really feel relaxed when having a cigarette
3．Smoking can do terrible damage to one's life EXCEPT ________．
A．heart disease
B．lung disease
C．not becoming pregnant
D．getting along well with others
4．In what way did the old man try to persuade his grandson to give up smoking?
A．Using scientific theory. B．His failure in love.
C．His sports activity. D．His own experience.
5．The following statements are true EXCEPT________．
A．James' grandfather was tired when returning from a long bike ride
B．there are three ways a person can become addicted to smoking
C．keeping your hands busy will help stop smoking
D．some people have to try several times before quitting smoking
答案：1.C 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.A
知识聚焦讲练互动
要点直击
1．ban vt.禁止；取缔n．禁令；谴责
(教材原句P17)Do you think smoking should be banned?
你认为应该禁止吸烟吗？
①The students here are banned from bringing cell phones back to school.
这儿的学生不允许带手机回校。

②There is a ban on offering plastic bags for free in supermarkets.
禁止超市无偿提供塑料袋。

归纳拓展
ban (doing) sth禁止(做)某事
ban sb from doing sth禁止某人做某事
a ban on/against sth对……的禁令
place/put...under a ban禁止……
lift the ban on/against sth解除对……的禁令
易混辨析
ban/forbid/prohibit
即学即练
单句语法填空。

①There is a ban ________ talking loudly since the new manager came here.
②He was banned ______ entering the room unless permitted.
完成句子。

③People ________ in many public places in England.
在英国许多公共场所禁止吸烟。

④________ motorcycles caused great dispute in our city.
禁止摩托车在我们这个城市引起很大的争论。

答案：①on/against ②from ③are banned from smoking ④A ban on
2．It seems...that...看上去；似乎
(教材原句P18)It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
感到惊奇吧，像我这样的年纪，身体健康而且能在一个下午骑车跑20千米。

[句式分析]
本句是“it seems/seemed＋adj.＋that从句”句型，其中it作形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。

It seems curious that hunger makes us extra sensitive to foods that are fattening.
看起来奇怪的是，饥饿使我们对能引起发胖的食物格外敏感。

归纳拓展
it作形式主语的常用句型：
It is/was＋形容词＋从句
It seems/appears＋从句
It is a pity/fact/wonder＋从句
It takes sb some time to do sth.
It is/was＋形容词/名词(＋for/of sb)＋to do sth.
It is no use/good doing sth.
即学即练
单句语法填空。

①It's said ________ 50 people died in the accident.
②________ happened that I met him in the street.
单句改错。

③He is reported that he got seven gold medals.
_______________________________________________________
完成句子。

④________ (似乎) there is no way out of our difficulty.
⑤________ (真遗憾) you missed the exciting concert.
⑥____________________ (据报道) 16 students were rewarded for their bravery behaviour at the meeting.
答案：①that ②It ③He→It ④It seems that ⑤It's a pity that ⑥It is reported that
3．due to由于……；因为……；归功于……
(教材原句P18)I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy life I live.
我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，要归功于我的健康生活。

归纳拓展
due adj. 欠款的；预定的；到期的
be due to sb 应支付给某人，归功于某人
be due to do sth预定做某事
注意：due to可作表语或状语，作状语时，往往不置于句首。

联想：表示“由于；因为”的介词短语还有owing to，thanks to，as a result of，on account of，because of等。

拓展：due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的
①Have they been paid the money due to them?
他们是否已得到了应得的钱？
②Our train is due in Paris at noon.
我们的火车预计于中午到达巴黎。

③This note will fall due.
这张票据要到期了。

即学即练
单句语法填空。

①Our happy childhood is due ________ our father's hard work.
单句改错。

②It was a mistake due for carelessness.
_______________________________________________________
完成句子。

③Their plane ___________________________ in 15 minutes.
他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达。

④I'm ____________________________________________ soon.
不久就该给我加工资了。

⑤Have they been paid the money (that is) ________？
他们应得到的钱付给他们了吗？
答案：①to ②for→to ③is due to arrive ④due for a pay rise ⑤due to them 4．addicted to对……有瘾
(教材原句P18)You see，during adolescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.
你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子的时候，我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾。

[句式分析]
addicted to中to为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。

①These kids become addicted to computer games.
这些孩子沉迷于电脑游戏。

②Don't be addicted to drinking every day.
不要每天沉溺于饮酒。

归纳拓展
addict vt.使沉溺；使……上瘾
addict oneself to沉溺于；醉心于
be addicted to对……有瘾
be addicted to doing sth专心于……
addiction n．沉溺；瘾
addictive adj.使人上瘾的；沉迷的
即学即练
单句语法填空。

①He addicted himself ________ playing the violin and didn't notice a thief walk into his house.
完成句子。

②Don't _____________________ such foolish things any longer.
不要再让自己沉溺于这样愚蠢的事情。

③These are kids _________________________ computer games.
这些都是沉溺于电脑游戏的孩子。

④He _______________________ on the Internet since last year.
他去年以来一直沉迷于玩网络游戏。

答案：①to ②addict yourself to ③addicted to ④has been addicted to playing games
5．accustomed to惯常的；习惯了的
(教材原句P18)This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.
这就是说，过一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。

归纳拓展
accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
accustom vt.使习惯于
accustom oneself to习惯于(to是介词)
be/get/become accustomed to＝be used to习惯于(to是介词)
即学即练
单句语法填空。

①He quickly accustomed himself ________ this new way of life.
②She took her ________ (accustom) seat by the window.
完成句子。

③Most developed nations have become dependent on digital technology simply because they've ___________________________it.
大多数发达国家已经依赖于数码技术，仅仅因为它们已经习惯了数码技术。

答案：①to ②accustomed ③got accustomed to
6．quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开
(教材原句P18)I was addicted in all three ways，so it was very difficult to quit.
我之所以上瘾是有着这三个方面的原因的，因此，要戒烟就很难。

①I wish you'd all quit arguing.
我希望你们都停止争吵。

②She quit school at 17 and started her own business.
她17岁离开学校后开创了自己的事业。

归纳拓展
quit doing sth放弃干某事；停止干某事
quit school/one's office/job退学/辞职/离职
be quit of sb/sth摆脱某人/某事
即学即练
完成句子。

①My father has quit _________________ (smoke) at last.
我父亲终于戒了烟。

②She ______________________________ at 17 and left home.
她17岁辍学后离开了家。

③I wish you'd all _____________________________________.
我希望你们都别抱怨了。

答案：①smoking ②quit school ③quit complaining
7．effect n．效果；效力；作用；影响
(教材原句P18)When I was young，I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking.
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害我知道得并不多。

①I tried to persuade him，but with no effect.
我尽力劝他，但是他根本不听。

②Some ancient laws are still in effect.
有些古时的法律现在仍然有效。

助记：
[熟词]fact—a变e→[词根]fect(＝do作；做)→[生词]affect[af(＝ad)＋fect(＝do作；做)；对……起作用→]v.影响；感动；侵袭→effect[ef(＝ex)＋fect(＝do)；做出来的事；造成的事→]n.结果；影响
③The games don't have an effect on me but affect him a great deal.
这些游戏对我没有影响，但是对他影响很大。

归纳拓展
effect短语荟萃
bring/carry/put into effect实行；使生效
come/go into effect开始生效；开始实行
have an/no effect on对……有/没有影响
in effect事实上；在实施中；有效
of no effect无效
take effect生效；起作用
with effect有效地
without effect无效地
即学即练
单句语法填空。

①The new law is said to have come ________ effect from April.
②Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect ________ our life as well as society.
完成句子。

③He realized the beneficial _____________________________.
他认识到了锻炼的好处。

④I tried to persuade him，but ___________________________.
我尽力劝他，但他根本不听。

答案：①into ②on ③effects of exercise ④with little effect
8．strengthen v．变强；加强；巩固
(教材原句P18)It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve.
也许对你戒烟和坚定决心会有所帮助。

①It's my duty to strengthen the fence.
加固围栏是我的职责。

②The wind strengthened during the night.
夜里风力增强了。

归纳拓展
strength n．力气；体力；勇气
have the strength to do sth有勇气做某事
go from strength to strength日益壮大
on the strength of sth基于……
with all one's strength用尽全身的力气
the strength of...……的力量；……的实力
in strength大批地；大量地
即学即练
单句语法填空。

①It is an attempt ________ (strong) our ability to compete with other companies.
②The rainstorm was ____________(strong)．
完成句子。

③Through years of development，________________________.
经过多年的发展，这个国家的实力增强了。

④He hasn't got ___________________________________.
他没有足够的力气搬起那个箱子。

单句改错。

⑤Competition，they believe，strengths the national character rather than corrupt it.
_______________________________________________________
答案：①to strengthen ②strengthening ③this country's power strengthened ④enough strength to lift the box ⑤strengths→strengthens
9．every time每次
fell like想要
(教材原句P19)Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a non－smoker.
每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己，你(已经)是不吸烟的人了。

(1)every time在此处引导时间状语从句，起连词的作用。

①Every time I see him，he is working hard.
我每次见到他，他都在拼命地工作。

②Every time I went to see him，he was drinking.
每次我去看他，他都在喝酒。

③We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands.
每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。

归纳拓展
next/any/every/each time下次/任何时间/每次
immediately，instantly，directly立刻
the first/second/last time第一/第二/最后一次
the moment/instant/minute一……就……
(2)feel like (doing)想要(做)……
④I don't feel like talking with him.
我不想跟他说话。

⑤I don't feel like getting involved in any New Year's celebrations.
我不想参加任何新年庆典。

归纳拓展
feel like...摸起来像是……；有……的感觉
⑥The material feels like silk.这料子摸起来像丝绸。

[提示]
表示“想要(做)……”的短语还有would like to do，enjoy doing，be fond of doing 等。

即学即练
单句语法填空。

①________ time I call on my aunt，she is busy working.
②________ first time we saw our English teacher，she left a very good impression on us.
完成句子。

③I _________________________ with such touchy problems.
我不愿处理这种棘手的问题。

④I _______________________________ a drink.
我想喝一盅。

⑤The material _________________________________ nylon.
这材料摸上去像是尼龙。

答案：①Every ②The ③don't feel like dealing ④feel like ⑤feels like 10．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
(教材原句P19)If you weaken and have a cigarette, do not feel ashamed.
如果你因意志薄弱而又抽烟了，也不要觉得难为情。

归纳拓展
be/feel ashamed of 因……而感到羞愧
be ashamed that... 对……感到惭愧
be ashamed to do sth耻于干某事；不情愿干某事
shame n．羞愧；可惜
what a shame＋that从句真可惜……
shameful adj.可耻的；不体面的
易混辨析
ashamed/shameful/shameless
即学即练
单句语法填空。

①He was ashamed ________ (tell) his family what had happened.
单句改错。

②I was ashaming to tell him that I had failed.
_______________________________________________________
③She deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party.
_______________________________________________________
完成句子。

④I ______________________ I hadn't stopped her from going away alone.
我没有阻止她独自前往感到很惭愧。

⑤He ______________________ his family what had happened.
他羞于告诉家人发生的事情。

答案：①to tell ②ashaming→ashamed ③she后加was或is ④felt ashamed that ⑤was ashamed to tell
应用落实
Ⅰ.单句改错
每句中有1处错误，找出并改正。

1．I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as more tiring a day as today.
_______________________________________________________
2．Next time when you pay a visit to Shanghai，I'll show you around.
_______________________________________________________
3．Alcoholic drink can have bad effect on your body.
_______________________________________________________
4．He has accustomed to the life in the mountains since his childhood.
_______________________________________________________
5．I ashamed of having lied to my teacher that day.
_______________________________________________________
答案：1.more改为much 2.when去掉 3.bad前加a
4．has后加been 5.I后加was
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
在每句空白处填上适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

1．We must decide ________ a topic before we start to write.
2．A great many teenagers became ________ (addict)to playing computer games，wasting their precious time.
3．________ we know，more than seventy percent of the earth is covered by water.
4．She was fined ￡ 500 and ________ (ban) from driving for one month.
5．I'll go out for a walk while he feels like ________ (play) football.
6．I am accustomed to ________(walk) to school.
7．People can easily become ________ (mental) addicted to drugs when they start taking them.
8．His book is due ________ (come) out in October.
9．He was feeling very ________ (stress) and tired.
10．She was ________ (disappoint) to know that she had failed the course.
答案：1.on 2.addicted 3.As 4.banned 5.playing 6.walking 7.mentally 8.to come 9.stressed 10.disappointed
Ⅲ.选词填空
events that ________________ your ability to complete your assignment.
2．Has Li Lei _____________________ a date for the wedding?
3．I _________________________________ the film Hamlet.
4．I don't ___________________ walking very much today.
5．He has __________________ living in the mountain village.
答案：1.have a bad effect on 2.decided on 3.was addicted to 4.feel like 5.become accustomed to
语法突破触类旁通
语法精讲
[例句观察]
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，注意“it”的用法。

1．It is a beautiful day here and I am sitting under a big tree at the end of the garden.
2．It seems amazing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
3．It's my birthday in two weeks' time and I'll be 82 years old!
4．...and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
5．Believe me，I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.
6．This means that after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.
7．I was addicted in all three ways，so it was very difficult to quit.
8．I knew it was time to quit smoking.
9．It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve.
10．It is not easy to stop smoking.
[归纳用法]
it的用法(Ⅰ)
一、用作代词
1．it作非人称代词，常用于指代时间、距离、自然现象、量度、价值等。

It is time to get up.(指时间)
到起床的时间了。

It is going to snow.(指天气)
(天)要下雪了。

It is a long way from my school to the hospital.(指距离)
从我的学校到医院(距离)很远。

2．it用作人称代词，代替前文提到的事物或动物、指婴儿(尤指性别不明者)，未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。

Her baby's due next month.She hopes it will be a boy.
她的孩子该下个月出生。

她希望会是个男孩(性别不明)。

We bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before we can move in.(代替前文提到的事物)
我们买了一所新房子但搬进去之前还需要做很多工作。

二、用作形式主语
it充当形式主语，本身无意义，其真正的主语通常是不定式、动名词或主语从句。

it作为形式主语常用于下面句型中：
1．It be＋adj.＋(for sb)to do...(对某人来说)做……是……的
常用于此句型的形容词有：possible，necessary，important，easy，strange，natural 等。

2．It be＋n.＋doing...做……是……的
常用于本句型的名词有：good，use等。

3．It be＋adj.＋doing...做……是……的
常用于本句型的形容词有：useless，worthwhile等。

4．It be＋adj.＋that...(对某人来说)做……是……的
常用于此句型的形容词有：necessary，important，strange，natural等。

①It is impossible to get there by boat.
坐船不可能到那里。

②It is no use giving him some advice.
＝It is useless giving him some advice.
给他提建议没用。

③It is necessary that the work should be done well.
这项工作应该被完美完成是必须的。

④It's a pity that you missed such an exciting football match.
你错过了这么令人兴奋的足球比赛，真遗憾。

[名师点津]
it作形式主语没有具体的意义，只是把真正的主语移至句子的后面，避免头重脚轻。

三、用作形式宾语
1．用于“主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常使用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名
词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。

They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a short time.
他们认为在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是困难的。

He made it clear that he hated me.
他表达得很明确，他讨厌我。

[名师点津]
为了便于记忆，可以把该句型称为“6123结构”：6指的是句中常用的六个谓语动词：think/believe/consider/feel/find/make；1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾语补足语的两种形式：形容词或名词；3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词或宾语从句。

2．在动词appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love等后代替if或when等引导的从句。

I would appreciate it if you could come.
如果你能来我会很感激。

3．在动词have(称……属实)，take(以为；猜想)等后代替that引导的宾语从句。

I take it that you don't agree with me.
我以为你不同意我的见解。

4．在短语动词count on(期待)，depend on，see to(确保)等后代替that引导的宾语从句。

See to it that you are here punctually tomorrow.
明天你务必要准时到这里。

语法冲关
Ⅰ.用适当的代词填空，并指出所填代词指代的内容
1．How would you like ________ if you were watching your favourite TV programme and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？(2015·浙江卷)
2．—Who's that at the door?
—________is the milkman.
3．Susan made ________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
4．An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
5．I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
6．No matter where he is，he makes ________ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
7. I'm afraid ________ is going to snow tomorrow.
8. He thought ________ no use going over the subject.
9. ________ is very quiet in the library.
10．I had a talk with Mary and ________ was helpful.
答案：1.it 指下文从句内容 2.it 指前面提到的人 3.it 形式宾语，即that引导的从句 4.it 指前面提到的事物 5.it 指下文从句的内容 6.it 形式宾语，指后面的不定式7.it 指天气8.it 作形式宾语9.It 指环境10.it 指抽象事物Ⅱ.单句改错
每句中有1处错误，找出并改正。

1．It is fact that smoking is a danger to health.
_______________________________________________________
2．I think important that we keep up with each other.
_______________________________________________________
3．This was autumn when we met for the first time.
_______________________________________________________
4．I bought a camera yesterday，and I like one very much.
_______________________________________________________
5．It's clever for you to do like this.
_______________________________________________________
6．Is that necessary to complete the design before National Day?
_______________________________________________________
7．I was disappointed with the film.I had expected one to be much better.
_______________________________________________________
8．He felt his duty to work for human rights and progress.
_______________________________________________________
答案：1.fact前加a 2.think后加it 3.This→It 4.one→it 5.for→of 6.that →it 7.one→it 8.his前加it
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Cars，especially those 1.________ are valuable，need car covers to ensure that they are protected.
If you're looking 2.________ a car cover，you probably understand that the weather and the overall environment can harm 3.________ paint and body of a car if it is not protected 4.________(proper)．Before purchasing a car cover you need to
consider the amount of time that you have your car 5.________(cover)up.If you use your car as a daily 6.________(drive)，it is beneficial to purchase a car cover that can be easily removed and put back on.If you simply take the car out to a show now and then，it is more advisable to purchase a cover that 7.________(have)a bit more protection.Although it is not hugely common for cars 8.________(damage)，it certainly does happen and some individuals prefer to destroy nicer cars.Many thieves also drive around in order to steal parts，or even the entire car.For this reason alone，9.________ is a great idea to keep your car covered，preventing other people from 10.________(know)what type of car is under the cover.
【语篇解读】汽车，尤其是昂贵的汽车需要车罩来保护，本文介绍了如何选购车罩。

1．解析：考查关系词。

设空处引导定语从句修饰those(指物)，故填that/which。

答案：that/which
2．解析：考查介词。

look for意为“寻找”。

答案：for
3．解析：考查定冠词。

paint and body在此处表特指，故其前填the。

答案：the
4．解析：考查副词。

设空处修饰谓语，故需填proper的副词形式。

答案：properly
5．解析：考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。

设空处作宾语补足语，且cover与car 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填covered。

答案：covered
6．解析：考查名词。

设空处前有a daily修饰，故填driver(司机)。

答案：driver
7．解析：考查一般现在时和主谓一致。

设空处作谓语，与that(指代a cover)在数上保持一致，且描述客观情况，故填has。

答案：has
8．解析：考查不定式作定语的用法。

damage与cars为逻辑上的动宾关系，且有将来含义，故填to be damaged。

答案：to be damaged
9．解析：考查代词。

设空处作形式主语，真实主语是不定式短语，故填it。

答案：it
10．解析：ing形式作宾语的用法。

设空处作介词的宾语且other people 与know之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填knowing。

答案：knowing
泛读提效视野延伸
语篇理解
课文表层理解
Ⅰ.读课文P22，匹配段落大意
1．Part 1 A．Ways to protect yourself.
2．Part 2 B．Some wrong statements about AIDS.
3．Part 3 C．Background information about HIV/AIDS.
答案：1.C 2.A 3.B
Ⅱ.读课文P22，回答问题
1．What is HIV? (no more than 15 words)
_______________________________________________________
2．What is AIDS? (no more than 20 words)
_______________________________________________________
3．What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? (no more than 15 words)
_______________________________________________________
4．How does HIV affect people's health? (no more than 25 words)
_______________________________________________________
答案：1.HIV is a virus, a small living thing leading people to disease.
2．AIDS is a disease.The stage when HIV damages one's immune system is called AIDS.
3．HIV is a virus, while AIDS is the stage of the illness caused by HIV.
4．HIV virus weakens a person's immune system and eventually it damages the immune system so much that the body can no longer fight against disease.
课文深层理解
读课文P22，选择最佳选项
1．Will you be infected with AIDS by hugging a person with AIDS？How will you be infected?
A．No，by touching.
B．No，by visiting.
C．No，by kissing.
D．No，by sharing needles.
2．We can infer from the passage that ________．
A．HIV is the same as AIDS
B．HIV is different from AIDS
C．HIV weakens a person's immune system
D．you can have HIV in your blood for quite a long time
3．A person may be infected with HIV through ________．
A．blood B．sexual fluid
C．injection D．all of the above
4．The passage tells us about ________．
A．some common understanding about HIV/AIDS
B．what HIV/AIDS is and the way of transmitting
C．ways to protect ourselves
D．the definition of HIV/AIDS
答案：1.D 2.B 3.D 4.B
要点直击
1．(教材原句P22)You can have HIV in your blood for a long time，but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.
在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终会使你的免疫系统严重受损，以致使你的身体不再能抗衡疾病。

[句式分析]
so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，其中so后可接形容词或副词以及由many，much，few，little修饰的名词，也可用来修饰带形容词的可数名词单数形式，即“so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数”。

The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.
这箱子如此重，我举不起来。

归纳拓展
so...that...与such...that...句式：
so＋adj./adv.＋that从句
so＋adj.＋a/an＋名词单数＋that从句
so＋many/much/few/little＋名词＋that从句
such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that从句
such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that从句
such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that从句
即学即练
单句语法填空。

①I've had ________ many falls that I'm black and blue all over.
②Tom is so honest a boy ________ he never tells a lie.。