2025届高中英语北师大版高考复习学案：非谓语动词

非谓语动词（答案在最后）
●高考感悟/练真题·悟技法·锁定目标●
单句语法填空
1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ________ (want) more next time.
2．[2023·北京卷]She called for action ________ (address) the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”．
3．[2023·全国甲卷]“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, ________ (borrow) some familiar words from many age­old fables.
4．[2023·全国乙卷]From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3，000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ________ (build) system of ring roads.
5．[2022·全国乙卷]It can help to build a community with a ________ (share) future for mankind.
6．[2022·全国甲卷]A visually­challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step ________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
7．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
8．[2021·浙江卷1月]In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries ________ (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.
9．[2021·天津3月卷]China's National Highway 318, ________ (extend) over 5, 000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.
●考点研析/破重点·析疑难·精准清障●
考点一非谓语动词的形式及句法功能
1.主动形式、被动形式：非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间往往存在主谓或动宾关系：与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时，用主动形式；与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时，用被动形式。

The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.明天举行的会议非常重要。

2．时间先后关系
根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态。

(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生，用非谓语动词的一般式。

He heard the song being sung next door.
他听到隔壁有人在唱这首歌。

(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用非谓语动词的完成式。

Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
他完成作业之后就去睡觉了。

考点二非谓语动词作状语
1.不定式作状语
(1)作目的状语
I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me.
我穿过马路以便避开他，但他看到我并朝我跑了过来。

(2)only to do sth.为不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。

We hurried to the station, only to be told that the train had left.
我们急匆匆地赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。

(3)表示情绪、情感类的形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语。

常见词有：happy, lucky, glad，sorry，anxious，proud，disappointed，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，foolish，pleased，fortunate，right等。

You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.
你永远不会知道我昨天见到她有多高兴。

(4)在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。

该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。

The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on.
这把椅子看上去很硬，但实际上坐上去很舒服。

2．分词作状语：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般在句中作时间、原因、结果、方式、条件、伴随、让步等状语。

Translated into (＝When it was translated into) English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.(作条件状语)
这个句子被译成英语后，人们发现它有一个完全不同的语序。

Not knowing (＝Because he didn't know) how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could—he huddled in his cave and slept.(作原因状语)
因为不知道还能维持(生存)多久，尼古拉斯做了他能做的唯一一件事——蜷缩在他的山洞里睡觉。

Used (＝If it is used) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.(作条件状语)
如果小心使用，一罐可以用六个星期。

More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.(作结果状语)
中国已经修建了更多的公路，这让人们的出行变得更容易。

3．独立成分作状语：有些分词或不定式短语作状语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。

常考的有generally/frankly/roughly/strictly speaking, talking of, speaking of, judging from/by, taking everything into consideration, compared to/with, to be frank，to tell(you)the truth, to be honest, to make things worse 等。

Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.
从口音判断，他来自香港。

To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.
说实话，我有点累。

4．独立主格结构：非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。

但有
时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。

(1)独立主格结构的特点：①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

②独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词或不定式是逻辑上的主动或被动关系。

③独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。

(2)独立主格结构的常见构成：①名词/代词＋分词；②名词/代词＋不定式；③with/without ＋名词/代词＋分词/不定式。

Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow.
明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。

The test finished (＝When the test was finished), we began our holiday.
考试结束后，我们就开始放假了。

即学即练
单句语法填空
1．[2023·全国乙卷]________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co­existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
2．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
3．[2022·全国乙卷]________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty­nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty­six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
4．[2022·全国甲卷]He flew 4，700 kilometers from Xi'an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ________ (plan) to hike back to Xi'an in five months.
5．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
6．[2022·浙江6月卷]Blind people recognize shapes with their existing senses, in a way similar to that of ________ (sight) people, says Ella Striem­Amit, a Harvard scientist.
7．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them.
8．Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology ________ (change) lives.
9．________ (compare) with the western medicine's high fees，TCM has a reasonable price that ordinary people can afford.
10．________ (locate) in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house is big enough to enable you to have a room of your own.
考点三非谓语动词作定语
我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。

②He is always the first to arrive at school and the last to leave school.
他总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。

③The park was full of people, enjoying (who enjoyed) themselves in the sunshine.
公园里人山人海，人们在阳光下玩得很快乐。

④Tsinghua University, founded (which was founded) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。

【名师指津】(1)准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系；
(2)准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。

The problem discussed at the last meeting was of great importance.
The matter being discussed now is of great importance.
The problem to be discussed at the next meeting is of great importance.
即学即练
单句语法填空
1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Shanghai may be the ________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao's birthplace.
2．[2023·全国甲卷]Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ________ (intend) for everyone.
3．[2022·全国甲卷]Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
4．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth­floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2­metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ________ (fall) child.
5．[2022·北京卷]Fearful that he might have an intention ________ (harm) her, Helen started to run.
6．[2022·北京卷]One theory, increasingly ________ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
7．[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________ (ache) legs.
8．[2021·浙江1月卷]This may be due to some disadvantages for people ________ (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
9．[2021·北京卷]From 2000 to 2019，there were 7，348 major natural disasters around the world, ________ (result) in USD 2，970 billion in economic loss.
10．A piece of stone ________ (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.
考点四 非谓语动词作宾语
1.只接不定式作宾语的动词：
agree, plan, promise, prepare, decide, refuse, choose, wish, hope, expect, fail (未能), pretend, manage, determine, beg, arrange, threaten, claim, hesitate, wait, happen (碰巧)等。

Activities there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.
这里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行，并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。

2．只接动名词作宾语的动词及短语：
admit, avoid, consider, escape(避开), imagine, mind, miss, practise, suggest, feel like, give up, put off, object to, look forward to 等。

此外，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth. ；have fun (in) doing sth. 等结构中也用动名词作宾语。

I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.
我避免提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。

It's quite hot today. Do you feel like going for a swim ？今天很热。

你想去游泳吗？
3．接不定式与动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：
{forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 未做
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 已做 {regret to do sth.对即将做的事表示遗憾 未做regret doing sth.对做过的事表示后悔 已做
{remember to do sth.记得去做某事 未做remember doing sth.记得做过某事 已做
{stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止正在做的事
{try to do sth.尽力去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事
{go on to do sth.继续做另一件事go on doing sth.继续做原来做的事
{mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事
{can ′t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事
can ′t help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
—That would mean wasting a lot of labour.
——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。

—Really ？I don't mean to waste any labour.
——是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力。

【名师指津】 (1)动词want, need, require 作“需要”讲时，其后要用v .­ing 形式的主
动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。

与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)和demand(需要)。

(2)不定式作动词(短语)learn, decide, know, wonder, show, tell, understand, explain, teach, advise, find out 等的宾语时，前面常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等。

(3)介词后一般要接v.­ing形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，若前有实义动词do，不定式要省略to。

即学即练
单句语法填空
1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]To eat one, you have to decide whether ________ (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
2．[2022·浙江1月卷]That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ________ (continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding.”，she says, “a really positive change.”
3．[2022·全国乙卷改]So they are not producing carbon dioxide and not ________ (cause) air pollution.
4．[2022·全国甲卷改]I was unwilling to talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not ________ (stay) out with my friends too late.
5．[2021·全国甲卷]After ________ (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
6．Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean ________ (accept) the action of the person who upsets you.
考点五非谓语动词作宾补
1.不定式作宾补：不定式作宾补时，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示将要发出的主动动作。

常接不定式作宾补的动词(短语)：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, intend, invite, order, persuade, prefer, require, remind, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。

If we expect people to give up the habit of driving, we must give them an alternative they can rely on.
如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们可以依赖的选择。

Having finished her project, she was invited by the school to speak to the new students.
完成项目之后，她被学校邀请去给新生讲话。

(1)有些动词，如think, consider, believe, suppose, feel, find等后常用to be作宾补或主补。

Chinese people are considered to be the most hard­working people in the world.
中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。

(2)在sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be doing结构中，不定式用作主语补足语。

The president was reported to have visited China.
据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。

2．分词作宾补
(1)现在分词作宾补时，现在分词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且强调正在进行
的主动动作。

可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, get), find, leave, keep, catch等。

Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help?
听！你听到有人正在呼喊救命吗？
(2)过去分词作宾补时，过去分词与宾语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，且表示被动动作。

可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词：感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen, feel)，使役动词(have, make, let, get), find, leave, keep等。

He found himself surrounded by so many strangers.
他发现自己周围有那么多陌生人。

(3)使役动词have, get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点：
①have sth. done＝get sth. done让别人做某事；
②have sb./sth. doing让……一直做某事；
get sth./sb. doing使……开始做某事；
③have sb. do sth.=make sb. do sth
＝get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事。

Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car washed．
在开车进城之前，你需要洗洗车。

(4)with的复合结构：①with＋宾语＋doing表示主动，说明动作正在发生或经常发生；
②with＋宾语＋done表示被动或完成；③with＋宾语＋to do表示将要发生的动作。

The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them．这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步，他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。

With such a short time left before the deadline, it doesn't seem likely that John will finish the job.
截止日期之前只剩下很短的时间，约翰似乎不可能完成工作了。

With a lot of work to do, she wasn't allowed to leave her office.
由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。

即学即练
单句语法填空
1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________ (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
2．They make great gifts and you see them many times ________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
3．They start building their huts late in the summer，but do not get them ________ (finish) before the early frost.
4．[2024·江西南昌市八一中学模拟]Some young people know what they want to do, but many others just have a few ideas ________ (wander) around in their heads.
5．[2024·湖北恩施市一中模拟预测]Since the railway was put into operation in 2011, Yuxinou has launched more than 30 routes, with over 40 cities across 26 countries ________ (connect), and the routes have recorded over 8，000 freight train trips.
考点六非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。

若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。

It is impossible for a boy to walk or bike the entire 80 kilometers.
步行或骑行这完整的80千米是不可能的。

(2)不定式作表语时：①表示预定要发生的动作；②当主语是aim, purpose, idea, plan, wish, decision, choice等词时，常用不定式作表语；③主语为what引导的名词性从句时，表语多用不定式。

His wish is to be a doctor in the future.
他的愿望是将来当一名医生。

What I want to do most in senior high school is to improve my English.
我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。

2．动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词作主语常表示抽象的、泛指的概念，也可用it作形式主语，把作真正主语的动名词短语放在句末。

常用于固定句型：It's a waste of time doing...; It's no use/good doing...; It is useless doing...; There is no point/sense doing... 等。

Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
直面你的问题而不是逃避它们，是解决这些问题最好的方法。

It's no use complaining without taking action.
不采取行动而只是抱怨是没用的。

(2)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。

My job is cleaning the house three times a week.＝Cleaning the house three times a week is my job.
我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。

(3)remain作系动词时，意为“仍然是”时，后可接现在分词或过去分词作表语；但作不及物动词时，意为“尚待……；留待……”时，后常接to be done。

She remained standing though we repeatedly asked her to sit down.
虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下，但她还是站着。

It remains to be seen whether the newly­formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
新成立的委员会提出的方针能否实行还有待观察。

即学即练
单句语法填空
1．[2023·全国乙卷]As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ________ (record) everything I discovered.
2．[2021·全国甲卷]It is possible ________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
3．[2021·全国乙卷]Minimize the impact of ________ (visit) the place.
4．[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]They are easy __________ (care) for and make great presents.
5．[2020·北京卷]It takes them hundreds of years ________ (break) down.
●小试牛刀/夯基础·提技能·高效备考●
Ⅰ.语法填空
[2024·湖北省华中师范大学附属中学模拟]
The first time I entered the busy Chinese hotpot restaurant, I was immediately impressed by
the delicious smells and lively chatter. The waiter handed me a menu, but it was predominantly written in Chinese, 1.________ characters were completely beyond my comprehension. With some hesitation, I decided to take 2.________ leap of faith and pointed at a few items on the menu that looked 3.________ (invite)．
As the bubbling pot was set 4.________ (boil), I watched with fascination as the waiter poured a fragrant broth (肉汤) into it. 5.________ (mix) with chili peppers, Sichuan peppercorns, and other mysterious spices, the pot released a mouthwatering aroma into the air.
The moment of truth came 6.________ I tentatively dipped my chopsticks into the broth and added a slice of thinly sliced beef and a handful of vegetables. The first bite was an 7.________ (explode) of flavors.
The numbing sensation from the Sichuan peppercorns danced on my tongue, and I understood the reason for the restaurant's name, “Spicy Heaven.”
I continued to experiment, trying various ingredients and 8.________ (marvel) at not only the food, but also the adventure, the 9.________ (delight) surprise of a world of flavors in a single bubbling pot. 10.________ my limited knowledge of the Chinese language, I laughed with my newfound friends and shared stories.
Ⅱ.写作运用
完成下面短文，注意本部分语法的运用。

Dear Smith，
How are you doing? I'm writing 1.________________________________________________ (邀请你参加我们将于6月1日在学校体育场举行的英语晚会), which is a good chance 2.________________________________________ (展现你的英语才能) and motivate students' interest in English learning. During the party you will have a feast of varieties of
3.________________________________________ (我们自己准备的英语活动), including
4.________________________ (背英语诗歌)and singing famous English songs, which I think will surely give you a big surprise. Besides, I'd like to remind you that the party starts at 6: 30 pm and ends at 8: 00 pm, so please come on time if it is convenient for you. Looking forward to
5.________________________________________ (与你分享聚会中的愉快时光)!
Yours，
Li Hua 第二讲非谓语动词
高考感悟
1．答案与解析：wanting考查非谓语动词。

此处考查“leave sb.＋宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词。

2．答案与解析：to address考查非谓语动词。

句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地的人们面临“水太少或水太脏”的难题。

分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。

3．答案与解析：borrowing考查非谓语动词。

句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。

逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。

4．答案与解析：built考查非谓语动词。

这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。

5．答案与解析：shared考查非谓语动词。

此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。

非谓语动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。

6．答案与解析：to journey考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式作后置定语。

7．答案与解析：Covering考查非谓语动词。

设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。

8．答案与解析：studied考查非谓语动词。

句子的谓语是had，所以study用非谓语形式作后置定语，它的逻辑主语是countries，表被动关系。

9．答案与解析：extending考查非谓语动词。

本句已有谓语动词，故空处为非谓语动词，与句子的主语China's National Highway 318是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词作状语。

考点研析
考点二
即学即练
1．答案与解析：Having visited考查非谓语动词。

这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。

2．答案与解析：to teach考查非谓语动词。

句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。

根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。

3．答案与解析：To strengthen考查非谓语动词。

根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。

4．答案与解析：planning考查非谓语动词。

分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan (计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词表主动。

5．答案与解析：to increase考查非谓语动词。

设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。

6．答案与解析：sighted考查非谓语。

句意：哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。

sighted作定语修饰名词people，表示“能看见的、不盲的”。

7．答案与解析：to see考查非谓语动词。

句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。

根据句意，应该使用不定式作目的状语。

8．答案与解析：to change考查非谓语动词。

简单句中已有动词gave，故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。

分析句意，此处需用不定式作定语，是后置定语。

9．答案与解析：Compared考查非谓语动词。

句意：与西药的高额费用相比，传统中药的价格合理，普通人能够承担得起。

compared with...为固定结构，在句中作状语，意为“与……相比”。

10．答案与解析：Located考查非谓语动词。

be located in...意为“坐落于……”，为固定短语，在句中作状语，故填Located。

考点三
即学即练
1．答案与解析：recognized考查非谓语动词。

句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。

空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized“被公认的”。

2．答案与解析：intended考查非谓语动词。

be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。

3．答案与解析：held考查非谓语动词。

分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与the Belt and Road Forum之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，表被动。

4．答案与解析：falling考查非谓语动词。

句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。

fall为动词，意为“掉落”，child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。

故应该使用现在分词作定语。

5．答案与解析：to harm考查非谓语动词。

句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。

分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。

6．答案与解析：supported考查非谓语动词。

句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。

分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。

7．答案与解析：aching考查非谓语动词。

本空在句中作定语，ache与中心词legs是逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词aching。

8．答案与解析：living考查非谓语动词。

句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。

分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做后置定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。

9．答案与解析：resulting考查非谓语动词。

result in USD 2，970 billion in economic loss 在句中做结果状语。

故填resulting。

10．答案与解析：found考查非谓语动词。

句子的谓语为suggests，设空处在句中作非谓语和逻辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。

考点四
即学即练
1．答案与解析：to bite考查非谓语动词。

句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。

decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语。

2．答案与解析：to continue考查动词不定式。

动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth.“计划做”。

3．答案与解析：causing考查非谓语动词。

句意：所以他们不会制造出二氧化碳，也不会造成空气污染。

连词and连接两个并列的现在分词。

4．答案与解析：staying考查非谓语动词。

句意：我不愿意和他交谈，经常违反他让我不要在外面待到很晚的规定。

of为介词，后面的动词stay用动名词形式staying作宾语。

5．答案与解析：spending考查非谓语动词。

空前的After为介词，后应接动词的-ing 形式。

spend与we(句子主语)是主动关系，故填spending。

6．答案与解析：accepting根据固定搭配mean doing sth.意为“意味着做某事”。

考点五
即学即练
1．答案与解析：to be lifted考查非谓语动词。

根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填to be lifted。

2．答案与解析：decorated考查非谓语动词。

句意：句中them与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。

故填decorated。

3．答案与解析：finished考查非谓语动词。

句意：它们从夏末开始建造小屋，直到早霜才能建完。

get sth.done为固定搭配，意为“让某事被完成”，故填finished。

4．答案与解析：wandering考查非谓语动词。

分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是have，故空处用非谓语动词，ideas和wander之间是主动关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动。

5．答案与解析：connected考查非谓语。

此处为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构，over 40 cities across 26 countries为with的宾语，动词connect与宾语之间的关系为被动，此处需用过去分词connected作宾语补足语。

考点六
即学即练
1．答案与解析：recording考查非谓语动词。

spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。

这里为非谓语动词担当宾语补足语，用动名词形式。

2．答案与解析：to walk考查非谓语动词。

分析句子可知，此处是固定句型“It is＋adj.＋(for sb.)to do sth.”，It是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语。

3．答案与解析：visiting考查非谓语动词。

在介词of后应接动名词(doing)作宾语，故填visiting。

4．答案与解析：to care考查非谓语动词。

句意：它们很容易照顾，也很适合作为礼物。

这里考查“be ＋形容词＋to do”结构。

故填to care。

5．答案与解析：to break考查动词不定式。

固定句型It takes sb./sth. ＋一段时间＋to do sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事)，此处用动词不定式(to do )作真正主语，It形式主语。

故填to break。

小试牛刀
Ⅰ.语法填空
【语篇解读】本文是记叙文。

作者讲述了自己在四川吃火锅的经历。

1．答案与解析：whose考查定语从句。

空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese，其与characters是所属关系，关系词替代先行词从句作定语，故填whose。

2．答案与解析：a考查冠词。

take a leap of faith“信心剧增”，是固定短语。

故填a。

3．答案与解析：inviting考查形容词。

look是系动词，接形容词inviting“诱人的”作表语，故填inviting。

4．答案与解析：to boil考查非谓语动词。

be set to do sth.“准备好将要做某事”，此处用不定式形式，故填to boil。

5．答案与解析：Mixed考查非谓语动词。

分析句子可知，“(mix) with chili peppers, Sichuan peppercorns, and other mysterious spices”作状语，非谓语动词mix与逻辑主语the pot 是被动关系，用过去分词作状语，故填Mixed。