2019-2020学年北京市房山区长阳中学高三英语上学期期末考试试卷及答案解析

2019-2020学年北京市房山区长阳中学高三英语上学期期末考试试卷
及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
A brother and a sister have been reunited (重逢) after more than 60 years, thanks to a letter in the Welwynand Hatfield Times. For years John Hannant kept a photo of his long-lost sister, hoping they would meet again.
Margery, the eldest of three children, had signed up with the Royal Air Force as part of the war effort, when John was still a baby.
The family lost touch and as many years passed only a single letter gave a clue to her whereabouts (下落). The clue was enough for a WHT reader to recognize Margery and put the family back in touch.
John, 67, said he had been searching for a long time and a friend suggested writing to the paper.
“That’s the one that made it, the letter to the paper,” he said. “It’s like a dream that comes true. The last time we ever heard from Margery was in 1953 after the terrible floods. She wrote home to know if we were all right.My sister Dorothy wrote back, but Margery had moved again and never got the letter.”
Having retired from his job as a gardener at Park House, Mr Hannant decided to take action.
He and his wife Doreen traveled to Margery’s home in Chelwood Avenue, Hatfield, which she shares with her husband Jack Cooke.
Now 88, Margery was recovering from her heart operation, but immediately recognized her brother. John said, “It’s something I never thought that was going to happen but I always hoped it would.” AS well as finding his sister, John has also discovered he now has a nephew, a niece and six grandnieces and grandnephews.
1.The headline of the news would be “________”.
A.An unforgettable and moving experience
B.The Hannant family lost touch because of war
C.A brother and a sister reunited after 60 years
D.The importance of a letter to WHT
2.Margery left her family because ________.
A.she attended the air school
B.she joined the Royal Air Force
C.she had to feed her family
D.a big flood hit her hometown
3.Who helped the family reunite after many years?
A.Margery’s husband Jack Cooke
B.The photographer of the photo of Margery.
C.A neighbour of Mr Hannant.
D.A reader of WHT.
B
Haley Curfman, 25, of Blackwell, Oklahoma, is a teacher at Blackwell Public School and last yearshe bought a plain(朴素的) white dress, which she set up a station in her classroom for her students to decorate, encouraging them to go and draw on the dress whenever they had free time. Haley set up a station at a table with the dress and some color1 ed markers so that her students could draw on it, having first seen the idea on Pinterest.
After the kids had finished the design, she then surprised them all by wearing the dress to class, sharing pictures of herself in it on Facebook in a post that has since been shared over 200, 000 times.
For teachers looking to do something similar for their own students, Haley said that she bought the dress off Amazon for less than $ 20 about six months ago and pre-washed the dress before she started the project. She used markers from Walmart. But she said these things can be bought in other places. She said, “To do the project, I set up a station at a table with the dress and markers. It takes anywhere from two weeks to a month to complete as we just work on it here and there when time allows. You'd better give the students enough time so they don't have to hurry.”
“Teachers have been sharing their dresses, T-shirts, etc. with me that they've been creating since the 1950s with the same idea. It is amazing, and I love the fact that you are sharing them with me! Thank you all so much for your kindness and support,” she wrote on Facebook.
Asked why she came up with the idea, Haley told Scary Mommy. “We don't have art in our school, so, I always try to do little creative projects when possible.”
4. What did Haley use the plain white dress to do?
A. To teach her students painting.
B. To prepare for her presentation.
C. To ask her students to draw on it.
D. To help her students with their homework.
5. What do we know about the finished dress?
A. It took Haley by surprise.
B. It is kept by Haley at home.
C. It is the product of a new idea.
D. It has enjoyed popularity online.
6. What should a teacher do if he or she wants to follow Haley's example?
A. Buy the same dress online.
B. Give the kids enough time.
C. Buy the same markers in Walmart.
D. Leave the finished work untouched.
7. Why did Haley carry out the project?
A. To teach art to her students.
B. To show her idea on Pinterest.
C. To share it with other teachers.
D. To exciteher students' creativity.
C
China's Mars probe Tianwen-1 successfully landed on the surface of the red planet on May 15, 2021, leaving a Chinese footprint on Mars for the first time and in its first attempt, becoming the only other nation besides theUSto get such an achievement. The Tianwen-1 probe touched down at its pre-selected landing area in the southern part of Utopia Planitia, a wide plain on Mars, at 7:18 a.m.(Beijing Time), after three months scanning the whole planet on Mars docking orbit, the China National Space Administration(CNSA) announced.
Tianwen-1, including an orbiter, a lander and a rover, was launched from the 'Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site on the coast of southernChinas islandprovinceofHainanon July 23, 2020. It was the first step inChina's planetary exploration of the solar system, with the aim of completing orbiting, landing and roving on the red planet in one mission. According to the administration, the country's first Martian probe will conduct scientific investigations about the Martian soil, environment, atmosphere as well as water.
China's planetary exploration program has been named “Tianwen”, which was named after a long poem by the famous ancient poet Qu Yuan. The name represents the Chinese nation's willpower in pursuing truth, the country's cultural inheritance of its understanding of nature and universe, as well as the unending exploration in science and technology.
China's first Mars rover has been named “Zhurong”, which means the god of fire in an ancient Chinese story. The name indicates Chinese people's blessing for the rover to light the flame ofChina's planetary exploration. The rover has six wheels and four solar panels, and carries 13 scientific instruments. According to the CNSA, Zhurong has started its scientific exploration after moving from the landing platform onto the Red Planet's surface on May 22.
More than 40 Mars missions have been launched since the 1960s, but only about half have succeeded. It is the first time in the world that orbiting, landing and roving on Mars has been completed in one launch mission,
andChinahas come to the forefront of Mars exploration in the world.
8. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. China is the only nation to launch a probe to Mars.
B. Tianwen-1 landed in the northern part of the planet.
C. Tianwen-1 scanned the southern part of the planet.
D. The Mars probe will carry out scientific investigations.
9. How did the planetary exploration program get its name?
A. From a long poem by Qu Yuan.
B. From an ancient Chinese story.
C. From Chinese nation's willpower.
D. From theChinaNational Space Administration.
10. Why does the author sayChinahas come to the leading position of Mars exploration?
A. The rover carried many scientific instruments.
B. China completed three tasks in one attempt.
C. The rover successfully moved from the landing platform onto Mars.
D. The CNSA is continuously exploring science and technology.
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. Tianwen-1 completed its mission.
B. Tianwen-1 represented the god of fire.
C. Tianwen-1 successfully landed on Mars.
D. Tianwen-1 was launched from Wenchang.
D
Some years ago a young man applied to a large United States optical firm for a job as a lens designer. He apologized for lack of training, but on announcing that he owned two copies of the classic Conrady's Applied Optics and Optical Design, one for his office and a second for his bedside table, he was hired on the spot. Perhaps the story will be repeated some day with Buchdahl's Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics as a similar certificate of qualification.
Hamiltonian theory describes with powerful generality the overall properties of optical systems considered as ‘black boxes’, although it does not describe the detailed structure needed to construct the systems and achieve these properties. Buchdahl's book is therefore on the subject of geometrical optics, but it is not about how to design lenses. It is, however a compact comprehensive account of the fundamentals of the theory written with the lens designer's needs very much in mind. Every lens designer worth his salt has at some time in his career
attempted to apply the broad concepts of Hamiltonian optics to the solutions of practical problems. Success has been sufficiently rare that the theory, as such, has made little direct contribution to techniques for optical instrument design. The failures have been frustrating because of the obvious fundamental power of the theory and because of its conceptual elegance. The indirect effects have been large, however, both in contributing to an understanding of fundamental principles that govern the overall behavior of optical systems and in pointing the way to other, more practical, theoretical approaches.
Buchdahl approaches the subject not only as a capable mathematical physicist, but as one who with a knowledge of practical optics has made a significant contribution to geometrical optical theory. Buchdahl's approach has, over the last decade, had a major impact on modern lens design with computers. Thus, he brings to this exposition of Hamiltonian optics a familiarity with practical optics not usually found in authors on this subject.
The author claims his book to be non-mathematical, and indeed it might be so viewed by a professional mathematician. From the point of view of many physicists and engineers, it will appear to be quite mathematical. Moreover, this is a tightly written book. The subject matter is developed with precision, and the author expects the reader, at very point, to be master of the preceding exposition.
12. Hamiltonian theory met with failures as a result of ______.
A. newer finding related to the wave particle nature of light
B. very complicated concepts too difficult to understand by most lens designers
C. too much mathematical detail in the theory
D. not enough practical information offered by the theory to allow for use by lens crafters
13. The author of this passage implies that Introduction to Hamiltonian Optics is necessary to ______.
A. the students who are major in mathematical geometry
B. those who want to grasp the basic principles of optical systems
C. the lens designers who look for instructions on practical designs
D. those who are interested in physics
14. The article points out that the great benefits of Hamiltonian optics have been found is ______.
A. indirect ways of learning mathematics
B. a fundamental power within the theory
C. the conceptual elegance of the theory
D. the practical applications of the theory in finding new approaches to old problems
15. This passage is probably excerpted from ______.
A. a review of a book
B. a chemistry textbook
C. an optician's essay
D. a general science text
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
Can We Stop Food Longing Through Imaginary Eating?
Are you fighting an urge to reach for chocolate? Then, let it melt in your mind, not in your mouth. According to the recent research, imagining eating a specific food reduces your interest in that food, so you eat less of it.
This reaction to repeated exposure to food—being less interested in something because you’ve experienced it too much—is called habituation._____16_____
The research is the first to show that habituation can occur through the power of the mind. “If you just think about the food itself—how it tastes and smells—that will increase your appetite,” said Carey Morewedge, a well-known psychologist. “It might be better to force yourself to repeatedly think about chewing and swallowing the food in order to reduce your longing._____17_____Visualizing yourself eating chocolate wouldn’t prevent you from eating lots of cheese,” he added.
Morewedge conducted an interesting experiment. 51 subjects were divided into three groups. One group was asked to imagine putting 30 coins into a laundry machine and then eating three chocolates._____18_____Another group was asked to imagine putting three coins into a laundry machine and then eating 30 chocolates. Lastly, a control group imagined just putting 33 coins into the machine—with no chocolates._____19_____When they said they had finished, these were taken away and weighed. The results showed the group that had imagined eating 30 chocolates each ate fewer of the chocolates than the other groups.
_____20_____Physical signals—that full stomach feeling—are only part of what tells us we’ve finished a meal. The research suggests that psychological effects, such as habituation, also influence how much a person eats. It may lead to new behavioral techniques for people looking to eat more healthily, or have control over other habits.
A. What’s more, this only works with the specific food you’ve imagined.
B. People were advised to try different methods to perform the experiment.
C. For example, a tenth bite is desired less than the first bite, according to the study.
D. All of them then ate freely from bowls containing the same amount of chocolate each.
E. It meant those who repeatedly imagined eating would concern about some specific food.
F. This requires the same motor skills as eating small chocolates from a packet, the study says.
G. This study is part of the research looking into what makes us eat more than we actually need.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项It was my first day at school. I felt nervous and___21___.
I went to all my classes with no___22___. It felt like no one cared.
I listened___23___to all the lessons and waited for the lunch break at one. Then finally the bell___24___. It was time to talk and have fun.
In the lunch line I met a new friend who___25___a hijab（穆斯林女性戴的面纱）on her head, and___26___I am Jewish, we got along well, and I was so___27___when she said, “Sit with us, at our table. " She___28___to the table next to the door.
So I___29___, and took my tray（托盘）and was about to___30___with her across the floor when suddenly I felt a push, "Hey, I saw you on the bus,“ said a tall girl in a long skirt, "I saw your Jewish star necklace. You should___31___with us. ”
At that moment I___32___, and that's when I noticed, to my___33___the nations of the world___34___themselves. That’s what I saw through my own eyes.
The Spanish only sat with the Spanish, the Hindus only with Hindus, the Russians always with Russians, and never the Arabs with the Jews.
I saw the reason why___35___gets started. Everyone___36___to their own kind. The___37___room was a map of the world. Why was everyone so___38___?
And so I turned down this girl, and went with the first, and there was no___39___. I built a bridge between two worlds when I sat with those who were___40___from me.
21. A. happy B. scared C. tired D. relaxed
22. A. teachers B. passions C. goals D. friends
23. A. anxiously B. carefully C. casually D. sadly
24. A. failed B. broke C. fell D. rang
25. A. designed B. wore C. made D. put
26. A. unless B. when C. though D. if
27. A. worried B. relieved C. angry D. grateful
28. A. led B. faced C. viewed D. pointed
29. A. ignored B. agreed C. refused D. promised
30. A. walk B. run C. communicate D. meet
31. A. joke B. learn C. talk D. sit
32. A. looked out B. looked down C. looked around D. looked on
33. A. disappointment B. horror C. surprise D. delight
34. A. enjoying B. isolating C. connecting D. helping
35. A. love B. help C. quarrel D. war
36. A. objects B. refers C. sticks D. adds
37. A. sitting B. living C. cafe D. lunch
38. A. cold B. blind C. bored D. mean
39. A. confidence B. hurt C. trouble D. demand
40. A. different B. separate C. far D. free
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
A Chinese saying goes that “Firewood, rice, cooking oil, salt, sauce, vinegar___41.___tea are the seven necessities to begin a day.” Without doubt, tea___42.___(welcome) all over the world. According to the UN, tea is___43.___(much) than just a hot drink. It’s a big part of many cultures around the world.
You___44.___(possible) know that people inChinause top-grade tea___45.___(show) respect when receiving important guests. Meanwhile, the British tradition of afternoon tea is an important part of that country’s identity. MakingMalaysia’s pulled tea has become a sort of art form, where drinkers take pride in its entertainment aspects. As an___46.___(express) of Moroccan hospitality (好客) and tradition, mint tea—a mix of green tea, spearmint leaves and sugar—is served during gatherings and negotiations.
Apart from___47.___(it) cultural significance, tea is also a medicine,___48.___(use) from ancient times to modern days. Li Shizhen,___49.___was a Chinese Ming Dynasty herbalist, once said, “Tea is cold and lowers the fire.” The health benefits of tea are still being discovered today: preventing heart disease, obesity and cancer have all been linked___50.___drinking green tea, according to theNationalCenterfor Biotechnology Information in theUS.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Last Saturday , our school organize one-day field trip to Hongxing village. At 8 am, We took the school bus to Hongxing village,that lies in the western suburb of our city.When we arrived in, we were showing around the farm and learned about the modern methods of farming. On the farm, we picked off apples and experienced the happy of harvest. At noon, we tasted local food or experienced local customs. After dinner,they visited the newly-built houses to have good look at the new look of the countryside.
I learned a lot of knowledges that I can't get from the book. And I am extreme surprised at the changes of new countryside construction .
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

A few years ago, the company I worked for sent my wife and me to live in New York for a year. I’ve always loved running, so I was really happy when I found out I lived next to Central Park. This meant that every morning I could go for a run before I went to work.
Because a lot of people had told me to be careful of robbers in the park, so usually I didn’t take anything with me. How could they rob me if I didn’t have anything? But one morning, my wife gave me a $ 10 bill and asked me to buy some bread on the way.
It was a beautiful morning and the park was quiet with very few people walking or jogging (慢跑)around. While I was running through the park, another jogger knocked into me. He apologized and continued running. For a while, I didn’t think too much of it. However, when I noticed the wide path where I was running, I thought it was kind of strange. The warning of robbers in the park occurred to me. “It could have been a robber!” I suddenly became alarmed, so I checked my pocket and found that the money was missing. Without thinking twice, I ran after that jogger. I finally caught up and held him by the arm. I shouted, “Give me the $ 10 bill! Now!” I am not usually a hot-headed(性急的) person, but I got really angry this time. I couldn’t believe the robbery was actually happening to me. Filled with anger, I shook my fist at him. This seemed to frighten him. He quickly put his hand in his pocket and gave me the money. Then he ran away as fast as he could.
I bought the bread and went home. As soon as I got home, I couldn’t wait to tell my wife my story. “You won’t believe what happened to me,” I started with pride. She immediately stopped me, “I know, you left the money for the bread on the kitchen table.”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Paragraph1
Looking at the money on the table, I stood there, shocked. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2:
For several days, I waited at the same spot. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________
参考答案
1. C
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A
16. C 17. A 18. F 19. D 20. G
21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. D 32.
C 33. C 34. B 35.
D 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A
41. and
42. is welcomed
43. more 44. possibly
45. to show
46. expression
47. its 48. used
49. who 50. to/with
51.(1).organize→organized
(2).that→which
(3).去掉arrived后的in
(4).showing→showed/shown
(5).happy→happiness
(6).or→and
(7).they→we
(8).have后加a
(9).knowledges→knowledge
(10).extreme→extremely 52.略。