蝉花虫草居群遗传学研究

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of C cicadae is
cicadae(Miq.)Samson,with
wide range of host.
DALP(Direct amplification
of length polymorphism)Was applied to detect DNA cicadae,five primer
recent years,and
now this
fungal
resource
is in
endangering.In
order to better
conserving
and
sustainable using the resource,its genetic diversity and genetic structure
关键词:蝉花虫草;居群;DALP;虫草多糖;虫草酸;
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae
X.Q.Shing
is

traditional medicine in China,being similar its price is only
one
active constituents to Cordyceps
摘要
摘要
蝉花虫草Cordyceps
cicadae
X.Q.Shing是一种传统药用真菌,与冬虫夏草
Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.)Sate.含有相似的活性成分,其价格仅为冬虫夏草的l~2%,
因而被用作冬虫夏草的代用品。近年,由于虫草需求量大增,导致冬虫夏草价格 直线上升,进而推动了对蝉花虫草的需求,加之生态环境破坏,使得蝉花虫草资
sinensis(Berk.)Sacc.,but
as a
to two
percent of c.sinensis.Therefore,it is used
substitute of c.sinensis.because the
demand of Cordyceps has been increasing straightly these recent twenty years,and the
位点,其中多态位点179个,多态位点百分比PPB为87.75%。物种水平,平均观
察等位基因数(胁)是1.8775,平均有效等位基因数(肫)是1.3572、平均遗传
多样性指数(日)是0.2208,Shannon,S多样性指数(,)是O.3462;居群水平, Na、Ne、日与J分别是1.3810、1.1967、0.1 178与0.1802。基因分化系数Gst为 0.4737。基因分化系数Gst表明蝉花虫草在物种水平有52.63%的遗传变异来自居 群内,47.37%的遗传变异来自居群间。 子座部分多态位点百分比PPB为85.29%,物种水平,Na、Ne、H、1分 别为1.8529、1.3745、0.2270和0.3522;居群水平,Na、Ne、日、1分别为1.4090、 1.2448、0.1441、0.2163。Gst为0.4399。比较发现,菌核部分的PPB高于子座。 菌核部分和子座部分居群间基因流(Nm)的估计值分别为O.5554和0.6366,表明 蝉花虫草居群间存在较强的遗传分化,基因流受到阻碍(Nm<1)。
源面临枯竭的局面。为了更好的保护和利用蝉花虫草,本文从分子和形态学水平 探讨了蝉花虫草居群遗传变异和遗传结构,为更好的保护和利用蝉花虫草资源提 供其遗传背景资料。同时,本文还讨论了蝉花虫草多糖和虫草酸在居群、个体及
虫草不同部位的分布式样,以期为蝉花虫草的人工培养起到指导作用,为可持续
利用蝉花虫草提供有价值理论依据。 蝉花虫草主要分布于我国南方各省,大致可分为西南地区和东南部沿海地区。 在西南地区的分布比较集中于金沙江、怒江、澜沧江河谷地带。海拔在lO~3000m, 由于产地海拔等的不同,采收时间可以从7月份持续至11月份。蝉花虫草无性型 真菌为蝉拟青霉Paecilomyces cicadae(Miq.)Samson,其寄主范围极广。 DALP研究显示,在蝉花虫草菌核部分,5组引物7个居群中检测到204个
price of C.sinensis has been rising terribly

lot.As

result,the
demand of C.cicadae
reduced
rapidly in
is also increasing as well,the number of wild population has been
II
摘要
通过蝉花虫草、冬虫夏草及阔胞虫草Cordyceps crassispora M
Zang,Yang et Li
的遗传关系比较,得出蝉花虫草与冬虫夏草及阔胞虫草有很近的亲缘关系,而阔 胞虫草则是冬虫夏草的一个类群,它们尚未达到种级分化。 蝉花虫草12个形态性状的变异主要分布于个体间,其中子座重与菌核重存在 一定程度的负相关,而冬虫夏草子座与菌核则是呈正相关。说明蝉花虫草与冬虫 夏草形态建成机制不一样。 对蝉花虫草不同部位虫草多糖和虫草酸的研究发现,蝉花虫草子座部分的多
of gene
differentiation(GsO Was
0.4737 between populations and
populations.namely
rest
47.37%genetic variation occurring
population.
among
52.63%within
In the 7 stroma populations of.C.cicadae,the PPB Was 85.29%,the total Na,Ne,
Ne wasl.1967;the
O.1 1 78;the total
diversity(硒Was
O.2208 and the average O.3462
H Was
Shannon’s Information
index∽Was
and
the average 1 was 0.1 802.The
coefficient
sinensis(Berk.)Sacc.,but
as a
to two
percent of c.sinensis.Therefore,it is used
substitute of c.sinensis.because the
demand of Cordyceps has been increasing straightly these recent twenty years,and the
price of C.sinensis has been rising terribly

lot.As

resultdae
reduced
rapidly in
is also increasing as well,the number of wild population has been
were measured by morphological and DALP analysis.In addition,this paper also
discussed the
distribution patterns of polysaccharide
and mannitol
in the sclerotium and
糖及虫草酸含量明显低于菌核部分含量,而菌核部分虫草多糖含量全部变异存在 于居群内个体间,菌核部分虫草酸含量仅有7.84%的变异存在于居群间,变异主要
存在于个体间;而子座部分虫草多糖和虫草酸在居群和个体间的的变异大致各占
一半。这对于蝉花虫草的人工培养具有指导作用,根据虫草多糖和虫草酸成分在
居群间和居群内的分布样式,选取优良菌株和优化培养条件,以期提高虫草多糖 和虫草酸成分生产效益。
H,1were
1.8529,1.3745,0.2270 and 0.3522,the
averageNa,Ne,H,1were
1.4090、
amplified
1 79 were polymorphic, the 7 populations,the
bands(PPB)Was 87.75%.In
1.8775
alleles(№)Was
and
the average Na was1.3 8 1 0,the
alleles(Ne)wasl.3572
and the average
摘要
通过蝉花虫草、冬虫夏草及阔胞虫草Cordyceps crassispora M
Zang,Yang et Li
的遗传关系比较,得出蝉花虫草与冬虫夏草及阔胞虫草有很近的亲缘关系,而阔 胞虫草则是冬虫夏草的一个类群,它们尚未达到种级分化。 蝉花虫草12个形态性状的变异主要分布于个体间,其中子座重与菌核重存在 一定程度的负相关,而冬虫夏草子座与菌核则是呈正相关。说明蝉花虫草与冬虫 夏草形态建成机制不一样。 对蝉花虫草不同部位虫草多糖和虫草酸的研究发现,蝉花虫草子座部分的多
关键词:蝉花虫草;居群;DALP;虫草多糖;虫草酸;
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae
X.Q.Shing
is

traditional medicine in China,being similar its price is only
one
active constituents to Cordyceps
糖及虫草酸含量明显低于菌核部分含量,而菌核部分虫草多糖含量全部变异存在 于居群内个体间,菌核部分虫草酸含量仅有7.84%的变异存在于居群间,变异主要
存在于个体间;而子座部分虫草多糖和虫草酸在居群和个体间的的变异大致各占
一半。这对于蝉花虫草的人工培养具有指导作用,根据虫草多糖和虫草酸成分在
居群间和居群内的分布样式,选取优良菌株和优化培养条件,以期提高虫草多糖 和虫草酸成分生产效益。
covers
Jinsha,Nujiang and
Lancangjiang
River.The
l O--。3000m,owing to differrent altitude,the
collecting time continues from July to Paecilomyces
November.The anamorph
diversity of C cicadae.In the 7 sclerotium populations of C groups were screened.Among 204 DNA fragments i.e.the percentage of polymorphic total observed number of total effective number of total Nei’S gene
II
摘要
stroma of C cicadae.The main results were
as
following:
The
C cicadae is distrubuted in some provinces of South China,which
can
be of
two principal areas:the southwest area and coastal regions of southeast China.In the southwest China,the C cicadae is distributed in the valley of altitude
recent years,and
now this
fungal
resource
is in
endangering.In
order to better
conserving
and
sustainable using the resource,its genetic diversity and genetic structure
同一寄主被不同虫草无性型菌株感染所形成子实体差异如分布于云南省兰坪县等地区的蝉花虫草ccicadae和拟黑虫草cordycepsnigrellayketdshimizu寄主相同通过分离纯化得到两种在形态上完全不一样的无性型真菌这反映了虫草无性型在种问上的差异
云南大学 硕士学位论文 蝉花虫草居群遗传学研究 姓名:曾文波 申请学位级别:硕士 专业:植物学 指导教师:虞泓 20080401
were measured by morphological and DALP analysis.In addition,this paper also
discussed the
distribution patterns of polysaccharide
and mannitol
in the sclerotium and
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