2019-2020学年无锡市江南中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析

2019-2020学年无锡市江南中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
TheBest Placeto Camp in Each State
Washington-SecondBeach, Olympic National Park
Campers put up their tents right on the sand of thisPacific Northwestbeach. Make a campfire, photograph sunset over the sea and try to absorb this charming spot with your entire being.
Alaska-Bartlett Cove Campground, Glacier (冰川) Bay National Park
In a state full of natural riches,Glacier Bayis a wonder, home to high peaks, whales, 700 miles of coastline, and light blue glaciers that flow directly into the sea. Set within temperate rainforest along Bartlett Cove, the park's only campground is impressively green and an easy jumping-off point for boat tours.
Arizona-Havasupai Campground, Havasupai Reservation
Getting to Havasupai is a challenge. Permits are snatched (剥夺) up almost instantly, and even if you get one it's a 10-mile hike from the border to reach this rural campground that hugs Havasu Creek. Make the journey, however, and you're rewarded with a series of great waterfalls and natural pools.
Arkansas-BuffaloNationalRiver
America's first national river travels 135 miles through the Ozark Mountains, winding its way over rapids, forming peaceful pools and passing rocky cliffs topped by green forest. Plan a float trip and absorb the scenery at
a leisurely pace, pausing for hikes to visitLostValley's caves or the 200-foot waterfalls.
1.Which state may attract people preferring glaciers?
A.Alaska.
B.Washington.
C.Arizona.
D.Arkansas.
2.What makesArizonaa popular camp choice among tourists?
A.The blue glaciers and green rainforests.
B.The winding national river and cliffs.
C.The soaring peaks and long coastline.
D.The beautiful waterfalls and pools.
3.What can you do when camping inArkansas?
A.Take a long trip on foot.
B.Visit caves and waterfalls.
C.Put up a well-equipped tent.
D.Enjoy a view of sunset.
B
Most animals living in crowded conditions have particularly strong immune systems, so it long puzzled researchers that honeybees do not.
Part of the answer, discovered in 2015, is that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by moving parts of proteins from disease-causing pathogens to them before they are laid. These act as antigens totriggerthe development of a protective immune response in the developing young. But that observation raises the question of how the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place? Dr. Harwood wondered if the nurse bees were taking in parts of pathogens and passing them to royal jelly they were producing while eating the food brought to the hive.
To test this idea, he teamed up with a group at theUniversityofHelsinki, inFinland, led by Dr Heli Salmela. Together, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini hives equipped with baby bees to look after. Instead of honey, they fed the nurses on sugar water, and for three of the hives they added P. larvae, a bacterium causing a hive-killing disease, to the sugar water.
In this case, to stop such an infection happening, Dr Harwood and Dr Salmela heat-treated the pathogens and so killed them in advance. They also labelled the dead bacteria with a fluorescent dye, to track them easily. And, sure enough, it was confirmed that parts of P. larvae were getting into royal jelly released by those bees which had been fed with the sugar water containing that.
All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, through their royal jelly, passing antigens onto the queen for vaccinating her eggs. They also mean the nurses are vaccinating baby bees as well, because baby bees, too, receive royal jelly for the first few days after they come out.
4. What does the underlined word “trigger" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Cut out.
B. Set off.
C. Slow down.
D. Put off.
5. Which is the main experimental subject in Paragraph 3?
A. Queen bees.
B. Nurse bees.
C. Bee eggs.
D. Baby bees.
6. Why was P. larvae added to the sugar water?
A. To test if it would cause a hive-killing disease.
B. To check how the bacterium would affect the hive.
C. To see whether the target bees would favor the taste.
D. To confirm the bees would pass pathogens to royal jelly.
7. What is the text mainly about?
A. How bees multiply.
B. How antigens function.
C. How bees get vaccinated.
D. How immune system works.
C
Where do you find beauty? Fashion Magazines? Music Videos? One American photographer is finding beauty in unexpected places. And a new documentary about his work might help change the traditional standards of “who” is beautiful.
Rick Guidotti put aside his career as a fashion photographer to turn his lens to people living with genetic, physical and behavioral differences. He says what changed his perception of beauty was a chance encounter with an albino （白化病）girl.
“I was just tired of people telling me who was beautiful. Every season that face would change but I was always told who was beautiful. As an artist, I don't see beauty just on covers of magazines. I see it everywhere. So it was my initial intention that opened my eyes a little wider and wider.” Said Guidotti.
Guidotti has created Positive Exposure, a not-for-profit organization that uses photography and video to transform public views and promote a world where differences are celebrated. Guidotti and Positive Exposure are featured in a new documentary called On Beauty.
The cast and crew recently hosted a screening at Georgetown University in Washington. One of the women featured in the film is Jayne Waithera. “I never thought I was beautiful because nobody said that to me, but meeting him was my profound moment. I remember that particular day he took my picture and I felt so good like I felt there's somebody who, really loves me and sees me for who I am and who sees me more than my condition.” said Waithera.
The documentary is the idea of producer Joanna Rudnick. After seeing Guidotti's photos, she decided to tell his story. Joanna and Guidotti are traveling from city to city to promote On Beauty. “As I travel from community to community, I'm taking photographs and I'm encouraging individuals with a positive sense of who they are. They're seeing beauty in their reflection but I'm also encouraging their families and they in turn are encouraging their communities as well. All is based on the philosophy of change how you see,see how you change.”
8. What made Rick change his understanding of beauty?
A. A girl diagnosed with albino.
B. His job as a fashion photographer.
C. The beauty on the covers of magazines.
D. Influence from the people working with him.
9. What can we infer about Jayne Waithera?
A. She showed great interest in taking photos.
B. She used to be disappointed at her work and life.
C. She was greatly influenced by the experience with Rick.
D. She believed Rick was the best photographer in the world.
10. Which of the following words can best describe On Beauty?
A. abstract and different
B. traditional and academic
C. tolerant and encouraging
D. creative and interesting
11. What's the best title of the text?
A. True Beauty In The Eye Of A Photographer
B. Beautiful Or Not Beautiful,That's A Question
C. Be Who You Are Not Who You Want To Be
D. A Different photographer, A Different Magazine
D
In many countries of the world, people can confidently tell youthe meaning of their town or city, but most people who live inManchester,OxfordorBirminghamwould not be able to explain what the name of their city means. The name of every British town and city, however, has a long history.
Two thousand years ago, most people living inBritainwere Celts. Even the word “Britain" is Celtic (凯尔特语).Then the Romans arrived and built camps which became cities called “castra". This is why there are so many place names inEnglandwhich end in "-chester" or “-caster"Manchester, for example.
The Romans never reachedWalesorScotland, and many placenames there are Celtic. For example,Welsh place names that begin with “Llan" come from the Celtic word for "church".
After the Romans leftBritain, it was attacked by the Anglo-Saxons who were from the area of Europe that is nowGermanyandHolland. The names of their villages often ended in “-ham" or “-ton". Some got their names from the leader of the village.SoBirminghamfor example, means "Beormund's village”
The Anglo-Saxons were farmers and the landscape was very important to them, so we have villages called Upton (village on a hill)——a good place to build a village and Moreton (“village by a lake”)where floods could make life hard. Place names that end in “-ford" (a place where you could cross a river) also describe the location of Anglo-Saxon villages.
Finally, in 1066EnglandbecameNorman—theNormansgave us the place name "grange", which means farm.
And how aboutLondon? Experts cannot agree. The Romans called the city Londinium, but they were not the first inhabitants (居民). People once believed that theUnited Kingdom’s capital city got its name from the castle of a King called Lud but this is very unlikely. Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning a fast-flowing river. Like a number of British place names, its history is lost in time.
12. The origin of British place names is unfamiliar to many local people because of
A. the death of local languages
B. the long lost history of the names
C. their lack of interest in it
D. the frequent changes to the names
13. According to the article,Stratfordis most likely a town .
A. on a hill
B. near a castle
C. beside a river
D. with a church
14. Which of the following shows the correct order of the arrival of inhabitants inBritain?
A. The Celts—The Romans—TheNormans—The Anglo Saxons
B. The Celts—The Romans—The Anglo Saxons—TheNormans
C. The Romans—The Celts—The Anglo Saxons—TheNormans
D. The Romans―The Anglo Saxons—The Celts—TheNormans
15. What doesLondonmean in Celtic?
A. River
B. Londinium
C. Lud
D. Castle
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
What Can We Seein a Logo?
We see hundreds of logos on signs, vehicles, websites, and even on the clothes we wear. All of these logos are designed to attract our attention.____16____However, recently research supports the idea that remembering what a logo looks like is a very difficult task.
Researchers gave 85 students a simple assignment to draw the Apple logo purely from memory. Surprisingly, only one student in the study could accurately draw the logo from memory.____17____Researchers have developed a theory that they think might help to explain this blind spot in our memories.
Logos are typically designed to be simple and easy to recognize with a quick glance. Yet the frequent
exposure to these logos can actually make our brains overlook them. This process is known as “attentional saturation (注意力饱和).”____18____
Even though the brain is accustomed to ignoring unnecessary details, it is also programmed for recognition. When we see images such as logos over and over again, we become familiar with them. This constant exposure leads to something scientists refer to as gist (梗概) memory.____19____This general sense of memory has its own benefits. In fact, familiarity with a popular logo can even make people feel more comfortable about purchasing or using certain products.
Logos are everywhere we look today. A fancy design or a thoughtful color1 combination may be a good start for a logo concept, but there are other factors to consider.____20____A clever design may be interesting, but most people will forget the details—especially if our brains have anything to say about it.
A. This may be inspiring to logo designers.
B. People will know the product behind the logo.
C. So why is it so difficult for people to recall the details of images?
D. They also help us remember a product or service connected to that image.
E. It means that our brain remembers the basic idea without all of the details.
F. Our brains actually signal us to ignore information we don’t think we will need to remember.
G. Logo designers need to know that people will only remember what they believe is worthwhile.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项James Cook and his wife Samantha Jones started their beekeeping work eight years ago and have gained much experience. They are___21___at solving the problems their bees face, which____22____harmful insect-killing farm chemicals. The year 2020 was their year to___23___their own business after working several___24___for other beekeepers, when they were in California's farms. The farm was always full of white flowers that could____25____into nuts or fruits in the fall. It was____26____because the many beekeepers travelled with their bees to pollinate (授粉)the crops in the summer.
Then the coronavirus health crisis hit. Cook and Jones became____27____. Did they stay or did they go? They were stuck in____28____. Actually by that time, they had planned to____29____their hives(蜂巢)to a valley friendly to beesso as to let the bees_____30_____their contact with farm chemicals. They know agricultural workers are of importance and honey also can be_____31_____on normal condition for a long time. So after struggles, they_____32_____to stay and set out to create their_____33_____Bird and the Bees Honey.
Now, Cook and Jones and their small crew are working day and night in order that they can build their honey____34____. They are____35____tired and in debt because they took a____36____to get the business up and running. But they were also hopeful.
Cook, who is 35, said starting a business in the_____37_____times will he hard. However, they think it____38____to do it and the_____39_____is teaching them a lesson to look for the____40____and appreciate the beauty that you can find.
21. A. confused B. amazed C. sad D. expert
22. A. gather B. avoid C. involve D. focus
23. A. get down to B. get rid of C. give up D. put off
24. A. months B. years C. days D. minutes
25. A. get B. put C. break D. change
26. A. possible B. necessary C. important D. rare
27. A. inspired B. impressed C. concerned D. occupied
28. A. trap B. difficulty C. exam D. mood
29. A. donate B. contribute C. hand D. take
30. A. suffer from B. bring about C. recover from D. get into
31. A. made B. stored C. harvested D. picked
32. A. pretended B. decided C. happened D. promised
33. A. brand B. fame C. solution D. product
34. A. family B. food C. honor D. factory
35. A. merely B. rarely C. extremely D. gradually
36. A. break B. bow C. jog D. loan
37. A. magical B. unique C. stressful D. unforgettable
38. A. practices B. aims C. appreciates D. pays
39. A. tale B. experience C. fact D. truth
40. A. comfort B. optimism C. honey D. dream
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
The water is sitting in around 1000 tanks at the former nuclear power station, but the amount is growing___41.___(day) as rainfall and groundwater___42.___(enter) the site continue to be polluted. With an
average of 160 tonnes a day being added last year, the International Atomic Energy Agency expects existing capacity will be full by mid-2022.
That is___43.___the Japanese government is reportedly going to approve a strategy___44.___discharging the water to the ocean, as___45.___(recommend) by scientific advisers. The release would start in around 2022 and continue for decades.
The news sparked immediate___46.___(complain) from Japanese fishing groups and covering warnings that China___47.___(ban) Japanese seafood imports. But are people right to be worried about the___48.___(environment) and health effects of releasing such a large amount of contaminated water?
Much of the existing water___49.___(filter) already by a process designed to remove more than 62 radioactive contaminants. The Japanese government and Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the firm____50.____runs the site, have emphasized that the main radionuclide(放射性核) remaining is tritium(氚). Francis Livens at the University of Manchester, UK, says this is very hard to separate because it is a radioactive isotope(同位素) of hydrogen, and so part of the water molecules themselves.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。

修改：在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分One of my hobbies are running. I really like running, so first of all it's very cheap. It doesn't cost you some money. You can do it anywhere, as example, on a city street. If you run a lot, maybe three or four time a week, you will definite stay in shape, After you run, it's very important drink some water. You should drink a little the water before you run and may-be you should drink a little as well when you run,especially if you ran for more than 30 minutes. Naturally, stretches are very important. Most people actually stretch before they run and I like to stretch after I run.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你的英国网友Tom即将参加一个主题为“Life in the future”的演讲比赛，来信和你探讨对未来生活的设想。

就此请你用英语给他回封信。

内容包括：
1.饮食方面；
2.交通方面；
3.教育方面。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1. A
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. B
6. D
7. C
8. A 9. C 10. C 11. A
12. B 13. C 14. B 15. A
16. D 17. C 18. F 19. E 20. G
21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32.
B 33. A 34. D 35.
C 36.
D 37. C 38. D 39. B 40. B
41. daily
42. entering
43. why 44. of
45. recommended
46. complaints
47. would ban
48. environmental
49. has been filtered
50. that/which
51.(1).are → is
(2).so → because
(3).some → any
(4).as → for
(5).time → times
(6).definite → definitely
(7).drink前加to
(8).去掉the
(9).ran → run
(10).and → but
52.略。