专业八级-926_真题-无答案

专业八级-926
(总分100,考试时间90分钟)
PART Ⅰ LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.
Now listen to the mini-lecture.
Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word (s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.
The most important decision that a company has to make regarding advertising is where to advertise. We refer to these means of (1) he media". There are three categories of media: (2) , broadcast, and direct. The first category consists of newspapers and megazines. Newspapers are generally (3) , which allows samll (4) businesses to advertise of magazines is that they have (5) groups of readers. The big disadvantage of magazine ad vertisement is that it can be very expensive. The disadvantages of radio ads are that they must be short and that they are not (6) .
Television ads are (7) by millions of people all over the country because most TV programs are broadcast nationally. On the other hand, ads on TV are enormously expensive. Obviously, only **panies can (8) to advertise on television. The **mon direct medium is the mail, another direct medium is (9) , and the third type of direct medium is signs and (10) .
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
SECTION B
Questions 1 to 5 are based on a conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.
Now listen to the conversation.
【点此下载音频文件】
1.
A. Twenty days before Christmas Day.
B. Twenty-three days before Christmas Day.
C. A month before Christmas Day.
D. Two months before Christmas Day.
2.
A. Anne and Dick.
B. Amme and Jim.
C. Jim and Tom.
D. Mary and Davi
3.
A. Some discs.
B. A bedside reading lamp.
C. A pair of gloves.
D. A box of cigars.
4.
A. Ten.
B. Eleven.
C. Twelve.
D. Thirteen.
5.
A. The husband of the man's aunt, Mantha, was dead.
B. The man has twin nieces.
C. The woman's sister, Mary, is very short of money, so the woman suggests giving her
some money.
D. The two speakers have made out a list of all the Christmas presents they are certain to buy. SECTION C
Questions 6 to 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.
Now listen to the News.
【点此下载音频文件】
6.
A. Long range investments.
B. Profitable investments.
C. The number of investing countries.
D. The number of countries receiving foreign investment.
7.
A. A vigorous private sector.
B. A legal framework.
C. A flexible labor market and prompt service of debt.
D. All abov
8.
A. Mexico.
B. Urugray.
C. China.
D. Venezucl
Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each question.
Now listen to the news.
【点此下载音频文件】
9.
A. human beings
B. the mystery
C. the sense of smell
D. the space
10.
A. 10,000 different odors
B. 10 different odors
C. 1,000 different odors
D. 100 different odors
PART Ⅱ READING COMPREHENSION
In this section there are several reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.
TEXT A
African bushmen are being **puters so they can use their skill at tracking wild animals to take part in a project that will help conservation and tourism.
The project is being run by Louis Liebenberg, a South African tracking expert, who has teamed up with Lindsay Steventon, a computer expert. They are equipping bushmen with handheld **puters so they can record sightings of animals in the wild. **puters, known as Cyber Trackers, can then be taken to a base and the information downloaded onto a PC.
The project will create a remarkable database for scientists, who will have wildlife information collated throughout the year by bushmen whose knowledge of local animals is unrivalled.
To make the system easy to use for the largely illiterate bushmen, each type of animal is given a screen icon that corresponds to its appearance. Different breeds of the same animal are stored as sub menus, again using icons to note their distinguishing features.
Once an animal is spotted and its icon is pressed, the tracker can make further observations about the creature. Option include the pace at which it is moving, what it is eating, whether it is fighting or sleeping, the condition of its droppings and its apparent state of health.
If only the tracks of an animal are spotted, the bushmen can enter details of the species and which direction it was moving in. This may lead to later sightings and additional data. When an entry is to be committed to the PalmPilot's memory, the bushman presses a button and a GPS receiver stamps a position on the data. To ensure accuracy the tracker has to estimate how far away the animal is, so its position and not his is recorded.
The bushmen will also use the PalmPilots to record water levels and how plants are faring. Fluctuations in either can harm animal populations.
When the PalmPilot is attached to a base PC, the sightings can be downloaded and displayed on its screen as lines showing the movement and behaviour of individual animals as well as groups. This allows movement and feeding patterns to be examined.
Liebenberg hopes that as well as building a useful research tool these maps will give guidance on where tourists should be taken to optimise their chances of seeing elusive animals such as leopards and rhinos.
"A tracker could check on the PC where the latest sightings have been recorded and get a good idea where the best place would be to take tourists, "he says." It could mean that instead of having to pay for three days in the bush, tourists need only budget for two days."
The system is now being tested on a small scale but Liebenberg says that it has already given
more insight into changes in the feeding patterns of the desert species of the endangered black rhino.
"What happened before was that a scientist **e down from a university for a few days a year, make some observations and that would be it m the total knowledge of rhino eating pat terns," he says, "With the Cyber Tracker the bushmen were able to log where the rhinos were, what they were eating, and how much of that food was left. We found the rhinos change food every couple of months as a new type of plant flourishes. It was always assumed they ate the same sorts of leaves and grass after the end of the dry season."
"This has huge implications for rhino populations because the trackers' data can show which other animals are eating what the rhinos feed on. In this case it was kudu, a common type of ante lope, which is often served in restaurants. In future, the park ranger will be able to look at the rhino population and what they are eating and, if there are too many kudu in the area, he can cull some so there is **petition for food. It may sound harsh, but kudu **mon and this relative of the black rhino is not, so you don't want them to start losing condition."
Steventon, who works for Microsoft in Seattle, wrote the software for the Cyber Tracker. He has thought about upgrading the system so it can send back data from the field but is wary about doing so.
"We would love to transmit data back by radio or satellite but we are worried it could be intercepted by poachers who would love to get their hands on this sort of information," he says.
The Kruger National Park, the main reserve in South Africa, is seeking funding to buy the system for its trackers. A group of researchers are already using Cyber Tracker in Namibia. In Zimbabwe it is employed to monitor trees whose bark is used by local people for basket weaving. Researchers want to lead them to trees that can withstand stripping while others recover.
To equip each researcher with a hand-**puter and the software should cost less than￡500. The software in the base station will cost each national park ￡700.
The project was the brainchild of Liebenberg, who since a young age, has been captivated by the tracking skills of bushmen in his native South Africa. "When you consider one of these guys can look at a rhino print and identify the actual rhino it came from and whether it is injured, it seems crazy not to use their knowledge," he says.
"We were a little worried about how they would take to the technology but they're unbelievably quick at getting to grips with it -- far better than most of the park managers, who can be technophobic."
The Cyber Tracker project won $ 50,000 funding last week in the Rolex Awards for Enterprise. The initiative was one of five award-winning projects. The others covered sea-horse preservation, ancient Bolivian textile reclamation, safer kerosene lamps for houses without electricity and their first expedition to explore and map the eaves at the southern end of Patagonia in Chile.
11. If wildlife data is transmitted by radio or satellite ______.
A. poachers will learn where rare animals are
B. the bushmen will go on strike
C. the Cyber Trackers will break down
D. Microsoft will sue the Kruger National Park
12. What data can the **puters NOT record?
A. The direction in which an animal is moving.
B. The black market value of an animal's skin.
C. Fluctuations in water levels.
D. The apparent state of an animal's healt
13. The tone of the passage is ______.
A. scientific and factual
B. vague and imaginative
C. curious and enthusiastic
D. worried and pessimistic
14. Which of the following statements does the passage support?
A. The new scheme will eliminate the poaching in national parks.
B. Bushmen are too poorly educated to use modem technology.
C. Use of the Cyber Tracker will help to preserve rare animals.
D. The new system has doomed the kudu population.
TEXT B
Some heartening statistics were reported last year by the Journal of the National Cancer Institute: the mortality rate for breast cancer dropped nearly five percent between 1989 and 1992, the Largest decline since 1950. The numbers were even more dramatic for young women: between 1987 and 1992, the mortality rate plummeted nearly 18 percent among white women younger than 40.
But discouraging news also surfaced: the mortality rate among black women has gone up, and the number of reported breast cancer cases is rising as well. Twenty years ago a woman's lifetime risk of breast cancer was one in 12; now it's one in eight.
Nevertheless, we're on the verge of a revolution in treating this disease. Researchers now have a clear picture of how a cancer cell becomes a tumor -- and how cells break free from a tumor and glide through the bloodstream to seed a new one in another part of the body. And they better understand how the female hormone estrogen makes breast cancer cells grow. "I think we're going to get this disease licked in my lifetime, "says Dr. Susan M. Love, director of the Revlon/ U. C. L.
A. Breast Cancer Center in Los Angeles.
Until that time, information is a woman's most powerful tool. "A cancer diagnosis isn't an emergency." Dr. Love says. "A patient should take time to educate herself and find out what the options are. "Most of all, a woman needs to remember that breast cancer is not death sentence, and that more than half of all women who develop it will live at least 15 years after their diagnosis.
Much of today's good news centers on refining old therapies. Here's where we stand in treating
breast cancer.
Surgery and Radiation. The most dramatic change in breast cancer treatment in the past 20 years is that mastectomy -- removal of the entire breast and often part of the underlying chest muscle -- is no longer considered the only safe course. The chances of survival are no greater after a mastectomy that after the less disfiguring lumpectomy -- in which just the tumor is removed and the breast is left intact--followed by radiation. "There are good reasons to choose mastectomy," says Dr. Larry Norton, chief of breast cancer medicine Manhattan's Memorial Sloan-kettring Cancer Center. "But if you're a good candidate for lumpectomy, increasing your chances of a cure isn't one of those reasons."
For about 30 percent of women, mastectomy is the only reasonable choice -- for example, a woman with small breasts and a large tumor, or one whose tumor is disseminated throughout the breast. But concerns about which procedure to choose often have more to do with life-style and attitudes. A lumpectomy requires radiation following surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells, which can mean outpatient visits five days a week for five to seven weeks. Scheduling could be a problem. Nancy Reagan, for instance, decided to have a mastectomy because radiation treatments would have taken too much time.
Many women, however, choose mastectomy out of fear and lack of information. Some patients are terrified of radiation and need to understand what it's really all about, says Carol Fred, a clinical social worker at U. C. L. A's Rhonda Fleming Mann Resource Center for Women with Cancer.
After a lumpectomy the machine that administers the treatment aims radioactive particles at the affected breast only. The treatments make most women tired and can sometimes leave the skin feeling sunburned. But the breast is not left radioactive.
15. Which statement cannot be inferred from the passage?
A. The mortality rate for breast cancer dropped.
B. The mortality rate among black women has increased.
C. The number of reported breast cancer cases is rising.
D. A woman's lifetime risk of breast cancer is risin
16. Which statement does not agree with the text?
A. Mastectomy is the only reasonable choice for a woman with small breast and a large tumor.
B. Life-style and attitudes also play a role in the choice.
C. Many women make an improper decision in the treatment out of fear and lack of informa tion.
D. Women are more likely to feel tired if they accept mastectomy.
17. Which statement is true according to the passage?
A. Mastectomy used to be considered the only safe course.
B. The chances of survival after a mastectomy are greater than after lumpectomy.
C. Mastectomy can decrease the patients' chances of a care.
D. Most women prefer lumpectomy.
18. Which statement do the researchers think is wrong?
A. They know how a tumor is developed.
B. They know how a new tumor is seeded in the body.
C. They know how the female hormone estrogen makes breast cancer cells grow.
D. They know breast cancer is a death sentence to women.
TEXT C
It is incongruous that the number of British institutions offering MBA courses should have grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession. Optimists, or those given to speedy assumptions, might think it marvellous to have such a resource of business school graduated ready for the recovery. Unfortunately, there is now much doubt about the value of the degree -- not least among MBA graduates themselves, suffering as they are from the effects of recession and facing the prospect of shrinking management structures.
What was taken some years ago as a ticket of certain admission to success is now being ex posed to the scrutiny of cost-conscious employers who seek 'can-dos' rather than 'might-dos', and who feel that academia has not been sufficiently appreciative of the needs of industry or of the employers' possible contribution.
It is curious, given the name of the degree, that there should be no league table for UK business schools; no unanimity about what the degree should encompass; and no agreed system of accreditation. Surely there is something wrong. One wonders where all the tutors for this massive in fusion of business expertise came from and why all this mushrooming took place.
**panies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest in already existing managers, perched anxiously on their own internal ladders. The Institute of Management's 1992 survey, which revealed that eighty-one percent of managers thought they personally would be more effective if they received more training, suggests that this might be the case. There is, too, the fact that training alone does not make successful managers. They need the inherent qualifications of character; a degree of self-subjugation; and, above all, the ability to communicate and lead; more so now, when empowerment is a buzzword that is at least generating genuflexions, if not total conviction.
One can easily think of people, **paratively unlettered, who are now lauded captains of industry. We may, therefore, not need to be too Concerned about the fall in applications for business school places, or even the doubt about MBAs. The proliferation and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution. If the Management Charter Initiative, now exploring the introduction of a senior management qualification, is successful, there will be a powerful corrective.
We believe now that management is all about change. One hopes there will be some of that in the relationship between management and science within industry, currently causing concern and which is overdue for attention. No one doubts that we need more scientists and innovation to give us an edge in **petitive world. If scientists feel themselves undervalued and underused, working
in industrial ghettos, that is not a promising augury for the future. It seems we have to resolve these misapprehensions between science and industry. Above all, we have to make sure that management is not itself smug about its status and that it does not issue mission statements **munication without realizing the essence of it is a dialogue. More empowerment is required -- and we should strive to achieve it.
MBA: Master of Business Administration
19. According to the passage, ______.
A. managers need a degree and the ability to communicate
B. training needs to be done in groups to be successful
C. managers today must have **munication and leadership skills
D. industrial managers do not need to write letters
20. What is the writer's view in the reading passage? He believes that ______.
A. there are too many MBAs
B. the degree is overvalued
C. standards are inconsistent
D. the degree has dubious value
21. In the writer's opinion, ______.
A. science **petition
B. scientists arc undervalued
C. the management of science needs reassessment
D. management feels smug about its status
22. According to the passage, employers ______.
A. feel that they have not been consulted sufficiently about their needs
B. consider that cost-consciousness is the most important qualification
C. are more concerned about the value of the degree than graduates themselves
D. feel the MBAs will not be necessary because of shrinking management structures
TEXT D
When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment, although no one had proposed to do so, and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90
days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group -- the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.
NBAC will ask that Clinton's 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely, and possibly that it be made a law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells-routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private fun ding to be used for human cloning.
In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting. Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning. "Shapiro explained during the meeting, that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.
NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclear to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo's life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.
NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this is sue was still "up in the air".
23. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ______.
A. some NBAC members hesitate to ban human **pletely
B. a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time
C. privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC's appeal
D. the issue of human cloning will soon be settled
24. We can learn from the first paragraph that ______.
A. federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans
B. the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning
C. NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique
D. the White House has got the panel's recommendations on cloning
25. The panel agreed on all of the following except that ______.
A. the ban on federal funds for human cloning should be made a law
B. the cloning of human DNA is not to be put under more control
C. it is criminal to use private funding for human cloning
D. it would be against ethical values to clone a human being
26. NBAC will leave the issue of embryo research undiscussed because ______.
A. embryo research is just a current development of cloning
B. the health of the child is not the main concern of embryo research
C. an embryo's life will not be endangered in embryo research
D. the issue is explicitly stated and settled in the law
TEXT E
Moderate drinking reduces stroke risk, study confirms. Similar to the way a drink or two a day protects against heart attacks, moderate alcohol consumption wards off strokes, a new study found.
The study also found that the type of alcohol consumed -- beer, wine or liqour -- was unimportant. Any of them, or a combination, was protective, researchers reported in today's Journal of the American Medical Association. "No study has shown benefit in recommending alcohol consumption to those who do not drink", cautioned the authors, led by Dr. Ralph L. Sacco of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. But the new data support the guidelines of the National Stroke Association, which say moderate drinkers may protect themselves from strokes by continuing to consume alcohol, the authors said.
The protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attacks is well established, but the data has been conflicting about alcohol and strokes, the authors said. The new study helps settle the question and is the first to find blacks and Hispanics benefit as well as whites, according to the authors. Further research is needed among other groups, such as Asian, whom past studies suggest may get no stroke protection from alcohol or may even be put at greater risk.
Among groups where the protective effect exists, its mechanism appears to differ from the protective effect against heart attacks, which occurs through boosts in levels of so-called "good" cholesterol, the authors said. They speculated alcohol may protect against stroke by acting on some other blood trait, such as the tendency of blood platelets to clump, which is key in forming the blood trait, such as the tendency of blood platelets to clump, which is key in forming the blood clots that can cause strikes.
The researchers studied 677 New York residents who lived in the northern part of Manhattan and had strokes between July 1,1993, and June, 1997. After taking into account differences in other factors that could affect stroke risk, such as high blood pressure, the researchers estimated that subjects who consumed up to two alcoholic drinks daily were only half as likely to have suffered clot-type strokes as nondrinkers. Clot-type strokes account for 80 percent of all strokes, a leading cause of US deaths and disability. Stroke risk increased with heavier drinking. At seven drinks per day, risk was almost triple that of moderate drinkers.
An expert spokesman for the American Heart Association, who was not involved in the study, said it was well-done and important information. But it shouldn't be interpreted to mean, "I can have two drinks and therefore not worry about my high blood pressure or worry about my cholesterol," said Dr. Edgar J. Kenton, an associate professor of clinical neurology at Thomas
Jefferson University Medical College in Philadelphia. Instead, he said, the study provides good reason to do further research and to add alcohol to the list of modifiable risk factors for stroke.
27. According to Dr. Sacco, ______.
A. different wines work differently on drinkers at stroke risk
B. non-drinkers should also consume a moderate amount of alcohol
C. drinkers should keep to one kind of alcohol to ward off strokes
D. moderate alcohol consumption protects against strokes
28. The new study conducted by Dr. Sacco and his colleagues is unique in that ______.
A. it refutes early studies on the protective effect of moderate drinking against heart attack
B. it confirms early studies of moderate drinking against heart attacks
C. it helps to resolve the disputes over the effect of moderate drinking against stroke
D. it finds that moderate drinking can benefit people of different races equally well
29. From the fourth paragraph we learn that ______.
A. heart attacks are more likely caused by alcohol than stroke
B. moderate drinking, discourage blood platelets from clotting
C. boosting the levels of good cholesterol can lead to heart attacks
D. moderate drinking protect people by making the blood cell clump
30. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the effect of drinking against strokes?
A. Moderate drinking protects against heart attacks and strokes in different ways.
B. Even heavy drinkers suffer less chance of a stroke than non-drinkers.
C. Alcohol works only on patients who suffer clot-type strokes to protect them.
D. White people are more likely to benefit from moderate drinking than nonwhites.
PART Ⅲ GENERAL KNOWLEDGE
There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on your answer sheet.
31. Mark Twain's works are characterized by the following except ______.
A. sense of humor
B. egotism
C. jokes
D. tall tales
32. Which of the following is the world's oldest national newspaper?。