谭咏麟-上善如水【声音字幕同步PPT】

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水文化 Part2 粤语教学课件

水文化
钱财:
食水(sik6 seoi2)
(利用職務之便收取利益叫食水)
1.喝水。指在水中生活。《孔子家语·执辔》：“食水者善游而耐寒，食土者无心而不息。” 2.船身入水的深度。借指船的载重量。清薛福成《应诏陈言疏》：“又有铁甲小船，所以缠护砲臺，四面伏击，最为灵活坚利。惟食水过深，不能远越重洋。” 郑观应《盛世危言·商船下》：“管理船务者，要常知公司有船若干，食水深浅，现往何处。” 参见“ 吃水 ”。 3.传说中水名。 4.中医用语。肿胀病状。清姚衡《寒秀草堂笔记·宾退杂识》：“白荳蔻五钱，一玻璃瓶，能暖脾胃，去食水，下小水。” 5.供饮用的水。秦牧《沙面晨眺》：“这样做的结果，大水塘渗入了粪溺，食水也变臭了。” 6. 当我们的形容的对象是人的时候, 食水就有了新的意义,指在流通中间环节赚了一把，甚至是指索贿受贿、敲诈勒索！ “食水”即赚取了钱财.
e.g.呢单生意, 你食水好深啵! 读音: ni1 daan1 saang1 ji3 , nei5 sik6 seoi2 hou2 sam1 bo1. 意思: 这桩生意, 你也赚太多了啊!
水文化
钱财:
油水(jau4 seoi2)
(从中取利叫油水) 主要是指不正当的物质收益，或额外好处的意思
“油水”这个词在元朝明初就已经有了, 《水浒传》第三十六回：大汉（指“混江龙”李俊）道：“张家兄弟（指“船火儿”张横），你在这里又弄这一手！船里什么行货？有些油水么？”又：明朝“西湖居士”《诗赋盟传奇脱难》：“天送来一个应举秀才，跟一个家人，行李十分沉重，着实有些油水。”
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
水之于茶水/ 饮料/汤水
水之量词, 洗衣服的次数
水之量词, 船往返一次/货

, Phong Nguyen 1

1 On the AES Candidates
1.1 On the AES Evaluation Platform
In order to compare the AES candidates, we had to agree on a platform. For this purpose NIST chose an \AES Evaluation Platform" based on a 200MHz Pentium Pro. Although we have to compare allrm,
2
http://www.dmi.ens.fr/ granboul/recherche/AES.html
2
cipher measure estimate Cast256 749 600 Crypton 499 408 Deal 2752 2528 323 304 DFC E2 587 471 Frog 2752 HPC 402 380 2356 Loki97
Report on the AES Candidates
Olivier Baudron1, Henri Gilbert2 , Louis Granboulan1, Helena Handschuh3 , Antoine Joux4, Phong Nguyen1, Fabrice Noilhan5 , David Pointcheval1, Thomas Pornin1, Guillaume Poupard1, Jacques Stern1 , and Serge Vaudenay1
group organized at the Ecole Normale Superieure. Several candidates are evaluated. In particular we outline some weaknesses in the designs of some candidates. We mainly discuss selection criteria between the candidates, and make case-by-case comments. We nally recommend the selection of Mars, RC6, Serpent, ... and DFC. As the report is being nalized, we also added some new preliminary cryptanalysis on RC6 and Crypton in the Appendix which are not considered in the main body of the report.

少司命 - 杯酒释兵权【声音字幕同步PPT】

此棋落为这一局输赢认真生千根重花恋黄昏
一夜风小楼听雨灯辉摇梦
此棋落为这一局输赢认真生千根重花恋黄昏
一夜风小楼听雨灯辉摇梦曲渐散烟缕归尘
琵琶弦弹出命运染上指尖的尘
青史里乾德元年写下潇洒永恒斟满烫喉的酒歌舞内玄机藏多深纵我掌控天下依旧不能让灵魂安枕鲜血化作墨色演绎悲欢相交的剧本谁能屈指一算便知俗世凶吉的前程
千古功过谁论英雄只是过客陌路人城外河畔桨声雾中帆影如坎坷半生
少司命 - 杯酒释兵权
杯酒释兵权演唱：少司命作词：烟花窗外霜叶飘零砸疼彷徨眼神
月光入秋更深揣测着人心得几分江山如何坐稳一声叹息一缕白发成
琵琶弦弹出命运染上指尖的尘青史里乾德元年写下潇洒永恒斟满烫喉的酒歌舞内玄机藏多深
纵我掌控天下依旧不能让灵魂安枕目光炽热刀刃一段过往在眼中烧焚而我控兵只是不愿再见前朝的遗恨独守冰冷宫廷要在忐忑不安中生存那些枯萎年轮又将岁月流转在掌纹

高中语文千言万语总关音：声情并茂——押韵和平仄ppt7 人教课标版精品课件

古诗中的押韵
迢迢牵牛星，皎皎河汉女。
望岳
纤纤擢素手，札札弄机杼。岱宗夫如何，齐鲁青未了。
终日不成章，泣涕零如雨。造化钟神秀，阴阳割昏晓。
河汉清且浅，相去复几许？荡胸生层云，决眦入归鸟。
盈盈一水间，脉脉不得语。会当凌绝顶，一览众山小。
诗歌分类
古体诗（古风）
五言绝句
旧诗 (古典诗歌) 近体诗
七言
诗
五言
（格律诗）律诗
歌
七言
词、曲排律
新诗(现代诗歌)
解剖本诗形式学习近体诗形式特点
山居秋暝王维
首空山新雨后， 1、近体诗，五言律诗。联天气晚来秋。 2、律诗每首四联，每联对颔明月松间照，上下句叫“出句”“对句”。仗联清泉石上流。 3、中间两联必须对仗。
对颈竹喧归浣女， 4、凡双数句都必须压韵
《寄扬州韩绰判官》
青山隐隐水迢迢，秋尽江南草未凋。 A 。
《叹花》
自恨寻芳到已迟，往年曾见未开时。 D 。
A、二十四桥明月夜，玉人何处教吹箫。
B、十年一觉扬州梦，赢得青楼薄幸名
C、春风十里扬州路，卷上珠帘总不如。
D、如今风摆花狼藉，绿叶成阴子满枝。
诗歌的平仄
律诗平仄的基本要求： ①同句交替 ②上下句相对 ③上下联平仄相“粘”，即相同。（后联出句第二个字的平仄必须跟前联对句第二字的平仄一致，平粘平，仄粘仄。） ④一三五不论，二四六分明（一三不论，二四分明）。
谢谢聆听门前小土坡在夜色下显得有些陌生而拘谨，似乎把我当成远方客人。得知我要回来，一进门就看到母亲正朝着门口快步走来，她打量着我一直笑，拉我进屋。 “快坐下，坐车很难受吧？”母亲像个得到心爱玩具后的孩子般兴奋，我便坐在沙发上。 “去洗洗手吧，一路上出汗多”，我刚要起身，母亲又赶忙示意我别动，对我说：“我给你端来，你别起来。”不等我回话，转身到院子里了。母亲端来水，递给我毛巾，转身又小跑着到厨房去了。我知道母亲在给我做捞面。记得初中时候一天上午放学，由于母亲忙农活做饭晚了，我一生气准备不吃饭就上学去。母亲也是这样让我坐着，转身小跑到厨房为我做捞面。吃了无数次母亲做的捞面，但从没认真看过她擀面条的样子。想到这里，我轻轻来到院子里，厨房门开着，我站在离厨房几米远的地方，正好可以看到母亲。厨房里装的还是以前那种白织灯，夜色包围下加上腾空的水蒸气，白织灯散发的昏黄光线显得有点力不从心。母亲就在灯下，正用擀面杖擀面，擀面杖很粗大，她似乎要用很大的力气。面团在前后滚动的擀面杖下由崎岖粗糙变得慢慢平整，终于像一张纸一样平铺在案板上。就像从小到大我走过的路，多少荆棘坑洼，都被母亲用双手铺平。

The multi-angle view of MISR detects oil slicks under sun glitter conditions

The multi-angle view of MISR detects oil slicks under sun glitter conditionsGuillem Chust ⁎,Yolanda SagarminagaAZTI-Tecnalia,Marine Research Division,Herrera kaia portualdea z/g,20110Pasaia,Spain Received 15February 2006;received in revised form 4September 2006;accepted 9September 2006AbstractWe tested the use of the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR)for detecting oil spills in the Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela,that were caused by a series of accidents between December 2002and March 2003.The MISR sensor,onboard the Terra satellite,utilises nine cameras pointed at fixed angles,ranging from nadir to ±70.5°.Based upon the Bidirectional Reflectance Factor,a contrast function and a classification accuracy assessment,it is shown,for two images examined under sun glint conditions,that the MISR sensor provides a better capability for oil spill discrimination,than the single-view MODIS-250m data.Analysis of the multi-angle MISR red band indicates that oil spills appear with greater contrast in those view angles affected by sun glitter as a result of local changes in surface roughness caused by the hydrocarbons.Although limited by cloud cover,the capability of the MISR instrument for oil spill discrimination,together with its weekly temporal resolution and open data access,have the potential for improving the operational monitoring of oil releases.©2006Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved.Keywords:Multi-angle view;MISR;Coastal zones;Oil spill;Sun glitter1.IntroductionThe anthropogenic release of oil into the oceans from tankers,ships and pipelines may have significant ecological and socioeconomic impacts on coastal environments.A substantial part of oil pollution originates from operative discharges from ships (European Space Agency,2002;Pavlakis et al.,1996).Early detection of accidental or deliberate oil spills can prevent serious damages on littoral habitats and assist in the identi-fication of polluters.At present,there exist multiple instruments capable of detecting oil spills (Bedborough,1996;Brekke &Solberg,2005;Fingas &Brown,2000;Fingas &Brown,1997;MacDonald et al.,1993),using both space and airborne platforms:radar (SAR,SLAR),UV,microwave radiometers,photographic cameras,video cameras,electro-optical sensors within the visible and infrared,and laser fluorosensors.As the studies of Fingas and Brown (2000)and Brekke and Solberg (2005)conclude,each instrument has strengths and deficien-cies,so there is no single instrument that is best at detecting spills but rather multiple sensors are needed to provide the best discrimination.Active sensors such as Synthetic ApertureRadar (SAR),have been used commonly for ocean pollution detection (e.g.DiGiacomo et al.,2004;Gade &Alpers,1999);they are preferred to optical sensors due to their all-weather and all-day capabilities (Brekke &Solberg,2005).However,SAR data have also several disadvantages:1)there is generally no daily sampling on a routine basis,2)their application to oil spill detection is limited to a small range of wind speed (1.5–6m/s,Liu et al.,2000;at high wind speeds,N 10m/s,few oil spills can be detected in the SAR images,Gade et al.,2000);likewise,the wind conditions can also limit the use of optical sensors since high winds mix the oil into the surface waters,thus removing its presence as a surface slick;3)features such as phytoplankton and freshwater slicks may have similar appearance as oil slicks on SAR,which results in ambiguous detection of the oil itself (Lin et al.,2002),and 4)the images may be expensive to purchase.Although optical sensors are affected by cloud cover,they have the advantage of permitting the discrimination between algal blooms and oil spills,based on multispectral information (Brekke &Solberg,2005).For instance,the Visible and Near Infrared (VNIR)bands of MODIS have been shown to be effective in detecting oil slicks in Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela (Hu et al.,2003),although oil reflects particularly well in the thermal infrared portion of the spectrum (Salisbury et al.,1993).Remote Sensing of Environment 107(2007)232–239⁎Corresponding author.Tel.:+34943004800;fax:+34943004801.E-mail address:gchust@pas.azti.es (G.Chust).0034-4257/$-see front matter ©2006Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.024Remotely sensed land surface reflectance has been shown to depend upon changing sun and sensor viewing geometry.This dependence,termed the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function(BRDF),is highly anisotropic for volumetric targets such as atmospheric aerosols and vegetation.Oceanographic features can also manifest anisotropy,and this phenomenon can be highlighted under sun glitter conditions.Sun glitter involves the direct reflection of sunlight from the water surface.The presence of glitter in an image has been considered often to represent a serious data loss.Conversely,the acquisition of imagery containing areas dominated by sun glitter can,in certain circumstances,be of considerable value(Khattak et al., 1991;MacDonald et al.,1993).This is the case of surface wind speed(Cox&Munk,1954),oceanic internal waves(Matthews, 2005),shallow water bottom topography(Hennings et al., 1994)and river plume frontal boundaries(Matthews et al., 1997).Furthermore,water surfaces affected by sun glitter often manifest brightness reversal between two different views,in which relatively bright features at one angle appear dark in the other view.Such a region of brightness reversal can be indica-tive of a locally rough or smooth surface texture(Matthews, 2005),this may be found,for example,in the surroundings of internal waves or ship wakes.The optical response of the state of the sea surface roughness can be described by either the BRDF,or by the contrast distribution function(Otremba& Piskozub,2001).The need for multi-view observations has led to the incorporation of such measurements in several spaceborne missions(Asner et al.,1998)such as the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER),Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer(MISR),POLarization and Directonality of the Earth's Reflectance(POLDER),and the Advanced Land Observing Satellite(ALOS).In this contribution,the use of the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer(MISR)is compared to the MODIS bands, at250m,for detecting oil spills in Lake Maracaibo,a coastal lagoon connected to the Gulf of Venezuela.Between December 2002and March2003,oil companies operating in the Lake Maracaibo suffered a series of accidents,which led to extensive oil spills.The detection of oil marine pollutants by the MISR has not been investigated extensively;this is despite a short Note which appeared on this particular issue by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory(NASA,/ gallery/galhistory/2003_may_21.html).This omission is not surprising,since the multi-angle view of MISR was designed mainly for distinguishing different types of atmospheric particles(aerosols),cloud geometry,land surface covers,and for use in the construction of3-D models(Diner et al.,1998). Specifically,the questions addressed here are:which MISR view angles are the most appropriate to detect oil-contaminated waters?and at which sunlight conditions?Likewise,can the multi-angle measurements enhance the oil discrimination in relation to a single-angle optical imager?2.MISR and MODIS imagery of oil slicksThe MISR sensor consists of nine pushbroom cameras,one viewing the nadir(vertically downward)direction(designated An)and four each viewing the forward and backward directions along the spacecraft ground track,labelled Df,Cf,Bf,Af,and Aa,Ba,Ca,Da,respectively.The corresponding viewing zenith angles are:70.5°(Df,Da),60°(Cf,Ca),45.6°(Bf,Ba),26.1°(Af,Aa)and0°(An).The overall time delay,between the Df and Da cameras,is7min.It observes the Earth in four visible and near infrared(NIR)spectral bands(446,558,672,and 866nm),with a cross-track ground spatial resolution of275m–1.1km.Only images sampled at medium-resolution(275m) were used in this study,i.e.the red band(672nm)at all nine view angles,and the four spectral bands at nadir view.The MISR swath width is380km(cross-track).The operational data products from MISR are described in Bull et al.(2005).The medium-resolution MISR radiance imagery(Level 1B2),from1December2002to9March2003,has been examined for Lake Maracaibo(Fig.1).The location of spills in MISR images was extracted from the studies undertaken by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory(NASA),with MISR(/gallery/galhistory/2003_may_21.html);like-wise,by Hu et al.(2003)who had identified already oil spills in the Lake with MODIS-250m data,acquired on the same dates,and used airborne photography for ground truth.The spills dispersed in the Lake as an oil film floating on the surface. Of the19image sets available for this period(obtained from the NASA Langley Research Center Atmospheric Sciences Data Center),images were selected that were free of clouds.Amongst these images,the most apparent oil spill patches were visually identified in those collected during December2002and January 2003(26/12/02,4/01/03,20/01/03and27/01/03),using the 275-m resolution red band.Finally,multiple angle analysis was performed on the image sets acquired on26December2002and 20January2003(Fig.1),which presented several oil spills and optimal cloud cover conditions.The corresponding MODIS images acquired on these two dates have been analysed also,for comparative purposes.The MODIS sensor aboard the Earth Observing System(EOS) satellites Terra and Aqua,provides a morning and afternoon view with global,near-daily repeat coverage.Such data are distributed by the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Center(U.S.Geological Survey Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science).The Level1B calibrated-radiances of MODIS band1(645nm,red)and band2(856nm,near infrared)were used.These bands have a spatial resolution of 250m.The MODIS swath width is2330km.The observational geometry parameters of the two selected dates involved in sun glitter conditions were contained in the corresponding products(the general conditions are described in Hennings et al.,1994,and in Matthews,2005).The geometric parameters are defined as follows(see also Bull et al.,2005). Solar zenith is the angle between the+z axis(which points into the earth,in the direction opposite the ellipsoid normal)and a vector anchored at the ground point extending into the earth in the direction of photon travel from the sun.Solar azimuth is the angle measured clockwise from the local north vector to the projection onto the x,y plane of the photon travel direction vector.This“photon travel azimuth”convention differs from the familiar“look azimuth”by180°.Camera zenith is the angle233G.Chust,Y.Sagarminaga/Remote Sensing of Environment107(2007)232–239between the −z axis and the “camera vector ”,which is anchored at the ground point and is directed toward the camera in the direction of photon travel.Camera azimuth is the angle measured clockwise from the local north vector to the projection onto the x ,y plane of the camera vector.For the images analysed,solar zenith (ζ)and azimuth (Φ)angles were:ζ=38.2°,Φ=330.9°(26/12/2002),and ζ=36.8°,Φ=324.5°(20/01/03).For Af view,the camera azimuth angles were 340.3°and 16.2°on 26/12/02and 20/01/03,respectively;the camera zenith angles were:30.1°and 28.5°on 26/12/02and 20/01/03,respectively.Near-surface wind speeds were low to moderate:4.4m/s (26/12/2002)and 5.6m/s (20/01/03);as measured byQuikSCATFig.1.Series of MISR (672nm)images of a portion of the Lake Maracaibo taken by cameras viewing 0°(camera An),26.1°forward (Af),and 45.6°forward (Bf).Black arrows on the An camera image indicate the oil spills used in the BRF analysis in the present paper;the white arrows indicate other main slicks used in the validation of supervised classifications.The inset image shows the location of Lake Maracaibo within the coastal region of the Gulf of Venezuela.234G.Chust,Y.Sagarminaga /Remote Sensing of Environment 107(2007)232–239(Level3Daily,0.25×0.25°Gridded Ocean Wind Vectors,JPL SeaWinds Project).These wind values fall within the range at which hydrocarbons dampen sea waves.3.Bidirectional reflectance factor and discrimination of oil slicksRadiance values were converted initially to the top-of-atmosphere bidirectional reflectance factor(BRF),for each band and view angle.The Bidirectional Reflectance Factor (BRF)is defined as the observed radiance divided by the radiance from a perfect Lambertian reflector,under conditions in which the illumination is from a single direction(Martonchik et al.,1998).We used the following equation to calculate the top-of-atmosphere BRF(see Bull et al.,2005):BRFð−l;l0;U−U0Þ¼p Lð−l;l0;U−U0Þd D2E0;b;where L is the measured radiance from MISR Level1B2radi-ance product,μis the cosine of viewing zenith angle,μ0is thecosine of solar zenith angle,Φ−Φ0is the difference betweensolar and viewing azimuth angles,D is the approximate dis-tance,in astronomical units,between the centre of the Earth andthe centre of the Sun,at the time that the MISR observes the firstpixel in the swath,and E std0,b(W m−2μm−1)is the standardised band-weighted solar irradiance.The BRF sampled within the oil slick patches and theirsurroundings(oil-free water)were analysed at different viewangles(i.e.9cameras)within the red band,and they have beencompared with glitter conditions and glitter angle.The BRFsamples were extracted by selecting visually all pixels withinthe oil slick patches,excluding boundary pixels,and unpollutedareas adjacent to each slick;one slick was chosen for each date(indicated in black arrows in Fig.1).The glitter conditions andglitter angle were contained in the corresponding productsdescribed in Bull et al.(2005),obtained also from the LangleyAtmospheric Data Center.Glitter conditions are represented bya binary mask image,providing a glitter contaminated/non-contaminated pixel information at1.1×1.1km.Glitter angle(°)is the angle between a vector from the observed point to thecamera and a vector pointing in the specular reflection direction;it is provided at17.6×17.6km spatial resolution.The potential discrimination of oil pollutants,using MISRand MODIS-250m,has been assessed by1)a comparison ofradiance means between oil slick patches and their surroundings(using a contrast function and the Wilks'Lambda test)for eachspectral band at nadir,and for each view angle;and2)super-vised classifications and the associated accuracy assessment.The contrast function(Otremba&Piskozub,2001),at a givenwavelengthλ,is expressed by the following relationship:cðf r;U r;kÞ¼L pðf r;U r;kÞ−L cðf r;U r;kÞL cðf c;U r;kÞwhere L p(ζr,Φr,λ)is the upward radiance above the polluted sea surface in a direction defined by a zenith angleζr and an azimuth angleΦr,and L c(ζr,Φr,λ)is the upward radiance above the clean sea surface.The Wilks'Lambda is based on a discriminant analysis and tests the hypothesis that the means are equal across classes(i.e.polluted vs clean waters).Wilks' Lambda close to0indicates that the classes are different.A per-pixel supervised classification method based on maximum likelihood algorithm was used to assess the discrimination between the oil slicks and two types of oil-free water.These two types of unpolluted waters have been defined to cover the maximal range in radiances on the water state of the Lake,at red wavelengths;thus,Type1refers to relatively high radiance values and Type2refers to relatively low radiances.Two independent training sites have been created;one to calculate the statistics needed for the classification;the other to evaluate the reliability of classifications.Several slicks for each date were used for classification(indicated in black and white arrows in Fig.1).Prior to performing the classification process,the Jeffries–Matusita separability index(Thomas et al.,1987)was calculated between pairs of classes using the first training site set.As measures of classification accuracy,the producer's accu-racy(PA)and the user's accuracy(UA)for each class,were used (Stehman,1997).These accuracy measurements are derived from the confusion matrix which is created from the comparison between the classification and the verification data(a set of training sites independent of that used for the classification process).Several classifications were performed combining those MISR bands and cameras with higher discrimination potential, based on the Wilks'Lambda test;likewise,one classification with MODIS(using NIR and red bands).4.Results and discussionFig.1shows a portion of the images at different view angles acquired by the275-m resolution MISR red band(672nm)of a part of Lake Maracaibo on26December2002and20January 2003.On these two dates,oil slicks were identified mainly in the three views affected mostly by sun glitter(Fig.2c,d):nadir, 26°and46°forward,i.e.An,Af and Bf cameras,respectively. At nadir and46°forward,all the oil slicks appear as darker zones on the image.At26°forward,which is the view closest to the specular reflection on the two dates(Fig.2c,d),the oil slick appears brighter on26December2002.On20January2003, where the glitter angle(29.8°)is not as close to the specular angle as on26December2002(10.9°),the slicks to the north and east appear darker,whilst the central slick is less visible.As previously shown,the differences in sun glitter conditions between the two dates depend mainly upon the different solar azimuth angle(Δ=6.4°)and Af camera azimuth angle (Δ=35.8°).Two large oil slicks,one for each date(indicated with black arrows in Fig.1),have been selected subsequently for analysis, to extract BRF values,contrast function and Wilks'Lambda. For December2002,Fig.2a shows that the differences in the BRF values are greater for the Af and Bf cameras,in which calm water regions are expected to be affected maximally by sun glitter(Fig.2c).At the An view,the oil has also an im-portant contrast value(Table1).The Wilks'Lambda provides slightly different results;it indicates that Bf is the camera within235G.Chust,Y.Sagarminaga/Remote Sensing of Environment107(2007)232–239the red band that better discriminates polluted waters,followed by An;whilst Af,the closest to the specular reflection,is not as capable as An and Bf.Although the Wilks'Lambda test indicates that slicks can be discriminated statistically on all of the cameras,those which are far from the specular reflection have less discrimination potential.For January 2003,the oil slick shows maximal BRF differences in the Af and An cameras,followed by Bf (Fig.2b);this is in accordance to the sun glitter conditions (Fig.2d),high contrast and low Wilks'Lambda values (Table 1).For the two dates,both the contrast and the Wilks'Lambda indicates that NIR is the most appro-priate,amongst the four VNIR spectral bands at nadir,to discriminate oil slicks,this is followed by the red band in most of the cases (Table 1).The red and the NIR bands of MODIS have similar values of contrast and Wilks'Lambda compared to the corresponding bands of MISR's An camera (Table 1).These results indicate that the direct reflection of sunlight arrives from the oil-contaminated water at 26°view on 26December 2002.The oil-contaminated waters in that date man-ifest brightness reversal between the moderately near specular angles (nadir and 46°forward-looking view)and the very-near specular angle (26°view).Such regions of brightness reversal can be indicators of local roughness changes in surface texture (Matthews,2005);and,as is well known,oil slicks tend to dampen surface capillary waves,making the water smoother than the surrounding oil-free water.As a general rule,the optical contrast of an oil film on a sea surface,at specific wind conditions and at red wavelengths,depends on three domains of the glitter angle:1)at angles (N 40°)not affected by sun glitter,slicks are practically not detected;2)at angles (b 15°)very near to the specular angle,the slicks appear brighter than the unpolluted areas;and 3)at angles (15°–40°)moderately near to the specular angle,the slicks appear darker,since oil is more absorbing than the surrounding water.This is the case for December 2002,whilst for January 2003a brightness reversal is not present,because of higher sun glitter angles (N 15°).The threshold values of glitter angles indicated here are obtained from the two images;in order to estimate these thresholds with confidence,more images are needed.Since An,Af,and Bf were identified as the cameras with high discrimination potential,four classifications were performed,combining these cameras with spectral bands at nadir:1)An view (NIR and red bands);2)An (NIR and red),Af and Bf;3)An (4bands),Af and Bf;and 4)An (NIR and red),and all cameras excluding Af.By comparing the first two classifications,the contribution of multi-angle with respect to just the An view is tested.The third classification tests the joint contribution of spectral bands with multi-angle view.By excluding Af,thefourthFig.2.The top-of-atmosphere BRF values from the MISR (672nm)image within the oil slicks on the Lake present on (a)26December 2002and (b)20January 2003,compared with the surrounding clean water at different view angles.Error bars represent ±standard deviation.For December 2002,the oil and unpolluted patches contained 307and 206pixels,respectively;for January 2003,the oil and unpolluted patches contained 15and 243pixels,respectively.The glitter angle and glitter condition of the area affected by spills at the corresponding dates:(c)26December 2002;and (d)20January 2003.236G.Chust,Y.Sagarminaga /Remote Sensing of Environment 107(2007)232–239classification tests the effect of removing brightness reversal in the image set of 2003.The Jeffries –Matusita index indicates high separability between oil and clean water Type 1in all cases at the two dates,including MODIS (Table 2).Conversely,low values of separability index were found between the oil and clean water Type 2,in two of the cases:using An (red and NIR)for MISR,and red and NIR for MODIS.The classification accuracy assessment (Table 2)has revealed that the two classifications combining Af and Bf cameras with spectral bands in An produced high values of producer's (PA)or user's accuracy (UA)(higher than 81%for December 2002and higher than 70%for January 2003).The classification using only the red and NIR bands in An produced low accuracy values (PA or UA inferior to 50%).These latter values are similar to the corresponding classification of the MODIS bands.The classification using all cameras excluding Af produced higher accuracy values for the December 2002(PA=65%and UA=75%)than that of MODIS (PA=53%and UA=30%).This observation indicates that the varying appearance of spills as a function of view angles alone (without the presence of brightness reversal)can improve oil discrimination in comparison to a single-view optical imager.However,the presence of brightness reversal,in particular,enhances this discrimination potential.In the case of January 2003,the classification using all cameras excluding Af produced a low producer's accuracy value (46%);once again,this indicates the importance of the Af camera in oil discrimination.The general low accuracy determinations in January 2003,compared with December 2002,is due to the absence of brightness reversal;likewise,to the size of the oil patches.In January 2003,the oil patch was small and thin and,hence,the radiance value is affected by the neighbouring pixels.5.Conclusions and perspectivesThe findings of the present study show,at least for the two images examined here,that the 275m resolution MISR sensor provides a capability for oil spill discrimination in coastal environments which is better than MODIS-250m sensor under sun glint.The results of the MISR red band,at different angle views,indicate that oil spills appear in more contrast in those views affected by sun glitter.The changes in the radiance-related quantities,as a function of view angle,depend on the composition,density,and geometric structure of the reflecting surface (i.e.water state);they are exemplified by glitters,shadows,and volumetric scattering (Diner et al.,2005).The results obtained here enable the conclusions to be reached that,spectrally,oil slicks can be detected within the red band;this contrast is highlighted under glitter conditions,as a result of local changes in surface roughness caused by the presence of hydrocarbons.Dampening of water surface waves by oil slicks occurs at low to moderate winds,which were the prevailing conditions on the two dates discussed here.For the two sets of images examined,three domains of oil radiometric response as a function of view angle have been identified:1)at angles unaffected by sun glitter,slicks were not identified or appeared slightly darker than adjacent unpolluted areas;2)at angles affected by sun glitter,but moderately near to the specular direction,slicks appeared darker because they are more absor-bent than unpolluted waters;and 3)at the specular angle,or very near to,the slicks appeared brighter.The specific range of sun glitter angles which dictates the radiometric contrast depend on wind speed conditions (Otremba &Piskozub,2001).This phenomenon is well established in SAR imagery,where the presence of hydrocarbon smoothes water surface roughness and causes a reduction in the backscattering.The detection of oceanic surface films by MISR depends on the factorsTable 2Jeffries –Matusita separability index and classification accuracies of oil slicks vs clean waters combining different bands and cameras of MISR and MODIS-250m (spills of 26December 2002and of 20January 2003).Key,PA:Producer's accuracy;UA:User's accuracy;Clean 1:oil-free water type 1;and Clean 2:oil-free water type 2(see text for explanation)SensorBands and camerasDecember 26,2002January 20,2003Jeffries –Matusita PA UA Jeffries –Matusita PA UA Oil vs Clean 1Oil vs Clean 2Oil Oil Oil vs Clean 1Oil vs Clean 2Oil Oil MISRAn (NIR,red)1.990.5449.7121.88 1.870.5347.5829.49An (NIR,red),Af,Bf2.00 1.9698.3793.30 1.99 1.4870.63100.0An (NIR,red,green,blue),Af,Bf2.00 2.0081.58100.0 1.99 1.9173.6194.29An (NIR,red),all cameras excluding Af 1.99 1.9665.2075.34 1.97 1.9945.7282.55MODISNIR,red1.990.7953.4429.531.880.5677.1748.76Table 1Contrast values and Wilks'Lambda test in oil slicks in relation to the surroundings waters,on 26December 2002and 20January 2003,for 275-m spatial resolution MISR and MODIS-250m SensorBandCameraDecember 26,2002January 20,2003ContrastWilks'Lambda Contrast Wilks'Lambda MISRBlue An −0.0170.135⁎⁎−0.0230.755⁎⁎Green An −0.0520.073⁎⁎−0.0430.937⁎⁎NIR An −0.1650.044⁎⁎−0.1780.571⁎⁎Red Df 0.0500.360⁎⁎−0.0080.995Red Cf 0.0270.240⁎⁎−0.0220.958⁎⁎Red Bf −0.1720.046⁎⁎−0.0490.919⁎⁎Red Af 0.4200.238⁎⁎−0.2050.504⁎⁎Red An −0.0920.056⁎⁎−0.1020.761⁎⁎Red Aa 0.0420.408⁎⁎−0.0070.998Red Ba 0.0220.412⁎⁎−0.0030.999Red Ca 0.0230.569⁎⁎−0.0050.997Red Da 0.0330.691⁎⁎−0.0080.985⁎MODIS-250mRed –−0.0930.095⁎⁎−0.0990.690⁎⁎NIR–−0.1930.091⁎⁎−0.2170.464⁎⁎⁎0.001b p b 0.05;where p is the p -value associated to the Wilks'Lambda test.⁎⁎p ≤0.001.237G.Chust,Y.Sagarminaga /Remote Sensing of Environment 107(2007)232–239。

流行音乐金牌词作人 ppt

个人发表原创歌词600多首的姚谦今华语乐坛举足轻重的大师级词人。
姚谦歌曲创作曾经乏人问津，但他写的歌词如今却是当红炙手，尤其他擅长描绘情境式的情感，让歌词多了影像的空间，柔美细腻，像「我愿意」和「味道」就是代表。姚谦自己分析，他的文字早期受到张爱玲、朱天文的影响很深，中期之后他则迷上七等生文笔，所以他歌词中的意境状态、人物的深层情绪、甚至连光影投射都叙述入微。「我写歌很慢，非得把旋律听到熟透才能下笔，多数歌词也都有我个人的亲身感触。」
林作夕
1．不断演变的海岸线，长出了，最哀艳的水仙。出自《脸》。 2．心花怒放，开到荼蘼．出自《开到荼蘼》。
3．可能在我左右，你才追求孤独的自由。
出自《红豆》 4．天黑，刷白了头发，紧握着，我火把。出自《彼岸花》。
5．爱上一个认真的消遣，用一朵花开的时间；遇见一场烟花的表演，用一场轮回的时间。出自《流年》。 6．我见过一场海啸，没见过你的微笑；我捕捉过一只飞鸟，没摸过你的羽毛。出自《新房客》。 7．第一口蛋糕的滋味，第一件玩具带来的安慰，太阳上山，太阳下山，冰淇淋流泪；第二口蛋糕的滋味，第二件玩具带来的安慰，大风吹，大风吹，爆米花好美。出自《催眠》。
《秋天别来》《暧昧》王菲《我愿意》王心凌《爱的天国》萧亚轩《最熟悉的陌生人》辛晓琪《味道》张学友《如果爱》李玟《好心情》江美琪《亲爱的你怎么不在我身边》》《那年的情书》。。。。。。
“我写歌速度很慢，最快一首歌曲也要三天，因为我要旋律听透才会开始写词。我觉得一首歌不但要感动人，还要做到上得了口，音乐不应分派系，旋律是最重要的。听透旋律后，我会让歌词贴着旋律走。而且通常我的歌词有目的性，要确定是为谁做的，我会考虑他们的特点是什么，例如萧亚轩的a、ao音非常好听，王菲的i非常迷人，我给她们写歌词就会多写这类词。”

有独白的粤语歌-谭咏麟-豪情夜【声音字幕同步PPT】

[01:12.94]梦也在笑了（Oh Yeah） [01:16.20]长夜也在笑了（Oh Yeah）
[01:19.53]共祝今宵共祝今宵
[01:22.91]这一生满欢笑这爱共情要共醉不许它再醒
世界共醉不许它冷清永远共醉不许心冷冰
来吧再尽兴
[02:42.33][02:35.46]共胜 [02:39.04]尽兴 [02:39.04]尽兴
[00:48.80]明月都笑著振奋 [00:51.85]寻觅那梦已在近 [00:55.11]长夜都脱下晦暗 [00:59.99]共醉了（Oh Yeah） [01:03.03]一切也在笑（Oh Yeah）
[01:06.31]灯也兴奋的笑（Oh Yeah） [01:09.57]地毡也痴醉的笑（Oh Yeah）
有独白的粤语歌-谭咏麟-豪情夜
豪情夜--谭咏麟编辑:
水晶灯倍觉动人奋
眉目中跳跃乐韵长夜里是笑声与热吻
燃亮快乐爱在渗
[00:32.02]抱住了百万人 [00:35.25]倾出这真心 [00:38.79]倾出这欢欣 [00:42.05]倾出这高温 [00:45.41]豪情夜跳入这乐韵

二月映泉-优质教学PPT

8．如今，我国的传统节日已基本失却了早先的信仰内核，但许多传统节俗活动仍存活在民众的生活中，在传承中发展变化，从内容到形式都更加丰富多样。
•
9．人们借助历史上留存下来的汉代画像石可以对汉代社会，甚至对先秦文化也有所了解，可以直观感受伏羲女娲的神话传说和荆轲刺秦王的历史故事。
命运的强者，对于敢于和命运抗
争的人来说，苦难是一笔巨大的
财富。让我们勇敢地面对苦难吧！
随堂练习1.填上合适的词。
（）的力量（）的旋律（）的叹息
（）的呐喊（）的倾诉（）的哭泣
2.写出近义词。
萦绕（）委婉（）赞叹（）
流泻（）抗争（）舒缓（）
3.把词语补充完整。
月光如（）恩重如（）委婉（）（）
6．作为最深层次的认同，文化的认同在维护民族团结和和睦之中具有最根本的作用，因此就要建设好各民族共同的精神家园，培养中华民族的共同体意识。
•
7.我国的传统节日是维系中国社会人际关系的重要感情纽带。在节日里，人们尽享天伦之乐，亲朋好友、邻里乡亲互赠节礼，使节日洋溢着浓浓的人情味。
茫茫月夜月光似水树木葱茏藤萝摇曳
一泓清泉静影沉璧月光照水水波映月
阿炳想起……
听着,听着,阿炳的心颤抖起来。他禁不住拿起二胡,他要通过琴声把积淀已久的情怀,倾吐给这茫茫月夜。他的手指在琴弦上不停地滑动着,流水月光都变成了一个个动人的音符,从琴弦上流泻出来。
图解结构
二泉映月
10．作为中国绘画重要画科的山水画，东晋已经产生，在南朝和隋唐得到较快发展，五代和宋代则迎来了其发展的黄金期，其后山水画又进一步得到发展。

必修二《琵琶行》精品课件

琵琶行白居易
学习目标：
1.理解“同是天涯沦落人，相逢何必曾相识”的内涵。
2.鉴赏诗歌的音乐描写。
&
自读，思考：
1.本文是一首叙事诗，叙了什么事？
2.二人各有怎样的遭遇？哪句话将二人联系起来？
3.“相逢何必曾相识”，是什么使素不相识、萍水相逢的诗人和琵琶女联系在一起？全诗写了琵琶女的几次弹奏？
3.赏曲的感伤：琵琶女愤激幽怨的曲调引发了诗人的情感共鸣
4.听诉的感伤：琵琶女悲剧命运激起了诗人深深的怜悯
5.自我的感伤：诗人早年，才华横溢，誉满天下，今朝沦落，孤独幽怨
&
说说下面句子描写音乐的妙处：
王小玉便启朱唇，发皓齿，唱了几句书儿。声音初不甚大，只觉耳有说不出来的妙境：五脏六腑里，像熨斗熨过，无一处不伏帖，三万六千个毛孔不畅快。唱了十数句之后，渐渐的越唱越高，忽然拔了一个尖儿，像一线钢丝抛入天际，不禁暗暗叫绝 ……
一生以44岁被贬江州司马为界，可分为前后两期。前期是兼济天下时期，后期是独善其身时期。
白居易29岁时中进士，38岁任左拾遗，写了大量讽喻诗，这些诗使权贵切齿、扼腕、变色。元和十年六月，白居易44岁时，宰相武元衡和御史中丞裴度遭人暗杀，武元衡当场身死，裴度受了重伤。对如此大事，当时掌权的宦官集团和旧官僚集团居然保持镇静，不急于处理。白居易十分气愤，便上疏力主严缉凶手，以肃法纪。可是那些掌权者非但不褒奖他热心国事，反而说他是东宫官，抢在谏官之前议论朝政是一种僭越行为；于是被贬谪为州刺史。王涯说他母亲是看花时掉到井里死的，他写赏花的诗和关于井的诗，有伤孝道，这样的人不配治郡，于是他被贬为江州司马。实际上他得罪的原因还是那些讽喻诗。
&

统编版高中语文必修上册琵琶行并序课件

这类句子比较特殊，文字上只交代一方，而意义彼此互见。理解时，要瞻前顾后，不能偏向哪一方，也不能把它割裂开来理解。只有如此，才能正确、完整，全面的掌握这类句子的真正意思。
【名校课堂】获奖PPT- —学年统编版高中语文必修上册《琵琶行并序》课件（最新版本）推荐
【名校课堂】获奖PPT- —学年统编版高中语文必修上册《琵琶行并序》课件（最新版本）推荐【名校课堂】获奖PPT- —学年统编版高中语文必修上册《琵琶行并序》课件（最新版本）推荐
（互文）（借代）
“惨”！（离愁、沦落）
侧面烘托：音乐的美
【名校课堂】获奖PPT- —学年统编版高中语文必修上册《琵琶行并序》课件（最新版本）推荐
【名校课堂】获奖PPT- —学年统编版高中语文必修上册《琵琶行并序》课件（最新版本）推荐
互文，也叫互辞，是古诗文中常采用的一种修辞方法。即上下两句或一句话中的两个部分，看似各说两件事，实则是互相呼应，互相阐发，互相补充，说的是一件事。由上下文义互相交错，互相渗透，互相补充来表达一个完整句子意思的修辞方法。
琵琶行（并序）
【名校课堂】获奖PPT- —学年统编版高中语文必修上册《琵琶行并序》课件（最新版本）推荐
学习目标： 1、领会本诗运用多种手法描绘音乐
形象的写作特点，赏析诗文的音乐美。 2、领会本诗运用环境描写渲染气氛、烘托人物思想感情的写作特点，赏析诗文的意境美。
【名校课堂】获奖PPT- —学年统编版高中语文必修上册《琵琶行并序》课件（最新版本）推荐
【名校课堂】获奖PPT- —学年统编版高中语文必修上册《琵琶行并序》课件（最新版本）推荐

谭咏麟-不必伸手给我【声音字幕同步PPT】

如果心里闷烦惟哼一句旧歌那怕夜冷风凄劲未惧前路恨愁多让热情在心坎内
那怕夜冷风凄劲未惧前路恨愁多让热情在心坎内那怕夜冷风凄劲未惧前路恨愁多
让热情在心坎内那怕夜冷风凄劲未惧前路恨愁多
.. .. .. .. ..
谭咏麟-不必伸手给我
^_^...寒夜冷月荒径我独行带走许多心里负荷谁又会在我身边过停一刻去问我如何
长路我亦需要继续行谁又能给我扶助前面也是会只得我如果心里闷烦惟哼让热情在心坎内 ^_^...寒夜冷月荒径我独行带走许多心里负荷
谁又会在我身边过停一刻去问我如何长路我亦需要继续行谁又能给我扶助前面也是会只得我

谭咏麟-门外门内【声音字幕同步PPT】

[01:49.81]还想見你 [01:52.54]要是我 [01:53.65]我没有
[01:54.53]没共你分离 [01:56.39]大门外的他早己轻抚你
[02:00.11]你或者 [02:01.39]已忘记 [02:02.27]告别以后有没有自卑
想捉你命运
彷佛我至亲
到这夜我又算是谁人总算旧情侣旧情侣定然变敌人
到这夜我又算是谁人早已放下你告別你任由你下沉
如何弥补往日遺憾抚心再自问不需我費心
你正度过着快乐凌晨当我旧朋友现时已成为你恋人
如何容忍我做良朋
[01:31.57]是我没有福气 [01:34.78]留低了你 [01:37.21]要是有 [01:38.31]有后悔
[01:39.19]我后悔分离 [01:41.14]大门外的我 [01:42.94]只有祝福你 [01:44.78]怎样说亦对不起你 [01:48.35]是我没有骨气
谭咏麟-门外门内
门外门內谭咏麟
作曲﹕陈晓东作词﹕林夕编曲﹕John Laudon
监制﹕Joseph Ip 想跟你会面这一个雨天
我再度企在你大门前想再度游戏扮神秘站在你面前
但重聚不过为怀念一早已道別竟彷似昨天
我却害怕站到大门前跟你像朋友但朋友没联络多年
为何还需此刻改变想祝你幸运感触却更深
为何还想制造遺憾抚心再自问只得到苦心
怕破坏你极美丽凌晨当我旧朋友现时已成为你恋人
没旁人可比这相亲
Байду номын сангаас我或者
要忘記我是这样痛恨我自己我是这样痛恨我自己

谭咏麟-大大时代【声音字幕同步PPT】

強忍千枝招惹別人劇鬥是人造天災
黃金的身價可升可跌令人恨愛波幅裡怎去躲開不去競賽隨潮流浮動見頂多好彩哪裡都會是舞台＃
※平凡人從未了解多精彩其實最重要的不要亦會來※
＃誰都知身價可升可跌是場競賽倒一個總有個起來時代再大也都斗膽去改
強忍千枝招惹別人劇鬥是人造天災
黃金的身價可升可跌令人恨愛波幅裡怎去躲開不去競賽隨潮流浮動見頂多好彩哪裡都會是舞台＃
谭咏麟-大大王雙駿監製：王雙駿
排隊身影未散借了的青春未還頭頂的光環想要力挽便靠膽
迷惘與幻覺之間想創造過波瀾想得到絕讚
眼望繁華搖板興衰裡循環
＊迎面有煙花散開落到海上現實未存在夢想到超買即使未能盛載泡沫做大大時代＊
＃誰都知身價可升可跌是場競賽倒一個總有個起來時代再大也都斗膽去改
※平凡人從未了解多精彩其實最重要的不要亦會來※
強忍千枝招惹別人劇鬥是人造天災
黃金的身價可升可跌令人恨愛
波幅裡怎去躲開不去競賽隨潮流浮動見頂多好彩哪裡都會是舞台＃
黃金的機會裡最終主宰的是誰甚麼都追隨不理會幾歲
＊迎面有煙花散開落到海上現實未存在夢想到超買即使未能盛載泡沫做大大時代＊
＃誰都知身價可升可跌是場競賽倒一個總有個起來時代再大也都斗膽去改

二泉映月PPT课件

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（1~2）节
时间：地点：
人物：
事件：
中秋之夜无锡惠山
写中秋之夜在二泉边师父告诉阿炳要等他长大后才能听懂泉声。
师父，小阿炳
泉边赏月
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请同学们找出文中描写景物的句子.
无锡的惠山，树木葱茏，藤萝摇曳。山脚下有一泓清泉，人称“天下第二泉”。
场景一：冬天，大雪纷飞，寒风刺骨，双目失明的阿炳是怎么卖艺的呢？
场景二：夏天，骄阳似火，烈日炎炎，阿炳是怎么卖艺的呢？
场景三：一天，阿炳生病了，烧到39、 40度，浑身发抖，他又是怎么卖艺的呢？
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十多年过去了，师父早已离开人世，阿炳也因患眼疾而双目失明。他整天戴着墨镜，操着胡琴，卖艺度日。
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他的手指在琴弦上不停地滑动着，流水、月光都变成了一个个动人的音符，从琴弦上流泻出来。
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起初，琴声委婉连绵，有如山泉从幽谷中蜿蜒而来，缓缓流淌……随着旋律的升腾跌宕，步步高昂，乐曲进入了高潮……月光照水，水波映月，乐曲久久地在二泉池畔回响，舒缓而又起伏，恬静而又激荡。
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起初，琴声委婉连绵，有如山泉从幽谷中蜿蜒而来，缓缓流淌。这似乎是阿炳在赞叹惠山二泉的优美景色，在怀念对他恩重如山的师父，在思索自己走过的人生道路。随着旋律的升腾跌宕，步步高昂，乐曲进入了高潮。它以势不可当的力量，表达出对命运的抗争，抒发了对美好未来的无阻向往。月光照水，水波映月，乐曲久久地在二泉池畔回响，舒缓而又起伏，恬静而又激荡。
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