朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》配套题库(英国历史)【圣才出品】
英美文化基础教程课本 课后练习答案(朱永涛)
British CultureChapter 2 English history填空：1.The Crusades2.Columbus; Vasco da Gama3. the hundred years’ war4. Parliament; King Charles I5. Charles Darwin6. the Great slump7. the league of Nations ; the United Nations选择：1C 2D 3A 4C 5DChapter 4 British government system1.不用记2.On Her Majesty’s Service3.the Most Noble Order of the Garter4.head of the church of England5.acts of parliament; the prerogative of the crown; convention of the constitution;common law; parliamentary privilege6.5; 6357.the Crown; the House of Lords; the House of Commons8.parliament9.the final court of appeal in civil cases and criminal cases except criminal case inScotland10.to make laws; to control and criticize the executive government; to control theraising and the spending of money11.the Lord Chancellor12.her ministers13.the Parliament;is accountable or responsible to Parliament ; the House ofCommons; the people选择1B 2C 3A 4D 5C 6 AChapter 6 English Literature1.8th century; 6th2.their Viking raiders swept into Britain3.the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; the Roman Invasion of Britain to the middle of the12th century4.Chaucer; Shakespeare; Milton5.Thomas More; Utopia6.Hamlet; King Lear; Othello; A Midsummer Night’s Dream; As you like it;Twelfth Night; Richard II; Henry V; Julius Caesar7.the Essays8.paradise lost; Paradise regained; Samson Agonistes9.pilgrim’s progress10.Jonathan Swift11.London12.Robert Burns13.Robinson Crusoe14.William Wordsworth; Taylor Coleridge; Lord Byron; John Keats;Percy Bysshe Shelley15.Jane Austen; Charlotte Bronte; Emily Bronte16.Stevenson; Lewis Carroll; Thackeray; David Copperfield; Pickwick papers;George Eliot; Oscar Wilde; the return of the Native; Tess of the D’Urbervilles17.James Joyce; Ulysses18.George Bernard Shaw选择1D 2A 3C 4A 5A 6D 8A 9D 10DChapter 7 Religion and Beliefs1.Roman Catholic Church; Protestant Church2.the Old Testament; the New Testament3.The Queen; the Archbishop of Canterbury 坎特伯雷大主教4.God; Jesus; Holy Spirit5.Presbyterian6.The Pope7.the Methodist; the Congregation Church; the Baptist Church; the Quakers; theChristian ScientistsChapter 8 character and manner1.impolite/ill-bred2.modesty; conceit3. a sense of humor4.sportsmanshipChapter 9 Education1.5; 152.Christmas; Easter; summer3.selective; comprehensive4.Eton; Harrow; Rugby5.Being free6.Oxford; Cambridge7.St. Andrews; Glasgow8.open university9.Leads; Lancaster10.exclusiveness选择1A 2C 3D 4DAmerican CultureChapter 2 American History1.The Vikings; Christopher Columbus2.Jamestown in Virginia3.pilgrims; Roger Williams; William Penn4.1775; 17835. a second continental congress6.July 4th7.the Federalists; the Republicans; strong, efficient central authority; individualliberties8.Thomas Jefferson9.John Marshall10.Uncle Tom’s Cabin11.it put an end to slavery and decided that American was not a collection ofsemi-independent states, but a single individual nation12. being able to pay high wages and earn enormous money13. the New York Stock Exchange14. laissez-fair; government should interfere with business as little as possible;government action选择1B 2A 3D 4A 5B 6 C 7D 8A 9A 10BChapter 3 The Forms of Government1.Federalism; the separation of powers and respect for the Constitution and the ruleof law2.foreign affairs and with matters of general concern to all the states includingcommerce between the states.3.Democrats ; Republicans4.executive branch; legislative branch; judicial branch5.Ford; Nelson Rockefeller; the president Nixon resigned6.the vice-president7.4; 4; John Kennedy8.two terms9.435; 2; 100; 610.both houses; the senate; two-thirds majority11.confederation12.192013.The supreme court14.life; president; the senate;15.FBI选择：1A 2 C 3D 4C 5B 6D 7C 8BChapter 4 American Literature1.Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文; Fenimore Cooper费尼莫尔·库柏;2.Edgar Allan Poe埃德加·爱伦·坡; The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍府的倒塌3.Concord康科德; Ralph Waldo Emerson ; Henry David Thoreau 梭罗;Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔﹒霍桑4.Nature; The American Scholar; Self-reliance5.Walden 瓦尔登湖6.Scarlet Letter 红字7.Herman Melville赫尔曼·麦尔维尔8. The Adventure of Tom Sawyer; Life on the Mississippi; The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn （汤姆·索亚的历险；在密西西比河上；哈克贝利·弗恩历险记）9.Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞10.The Great Gatsby; which is about Gatsby, a man at the end of his youth, is strivingto recapture a beautiful dream he once believed in. He sees the dream turn into a nightmare. （了不起的盖茨比）11.Jonh Dos Passos 约翰·多斯·帕索斯12.the Sound and the Fury喧嚣与骚动; Light in August Light in August; Absalom,Absalom 押沙龙,押沙龙13.The Sun Also Rise太阳照常升起; A Farewell to Arms永别了，武器; For Whom theBell Tolls丧钟为谁而鸣14.John Steinbeck约翰·斯坦贝克; Ralph Ellison拉尔夫·艾里森15.Eugene O’Neill尤金奥尼尔; Long Day’s Journey into Night长夜漫漫路迢迢选择：1C 2A 3D 4B 5D 6A 7C 8C 9A 10D 11B 12C为帮助大家记忆这些作家作品，将其姓名和作品的汉译提供给大家Chapter 7 American Education1.122.age3.kindergarten classes for five-year-olds4.grammar school or elementary school5.the nation’s population explosion ; a trend toward democratizing highereducation6.The7.FootballChapter 8 American Family Life1.rural, small town living; big city life2.each resident owns his own apartment3.youth; a feeling of being respected, wanted and needed.。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【章节题库】(美国的起始)【圣才出品】
第3章美国的起始Ⅰ. Multiple choices.1. Which of the following is not characteristic of the US Constitution?（北二外2005研）A. It is the oldest written constitution in the world.B. It is the main expression of the American ideal.C. It is short and explicit in meaning.D. It has successfully translated the American ideal into practice.【答案】C【解析】美国宪法诞生于1787年在费城召开的制宪会议上，是世界最古老的成文宪法。
它是美国的最高法律和根本大法，奠定了美国政治制度的法律基础，用法律的形式表达了美国理想，使之能够成为现实。
选项C与事实不符，为正确答案。
2. Which of the following states refused to participate in the Constitutional Convention?（北二外2008研）A. VirginiaB. Rhode IslandC. New YorkD. Maryland【答案】B【解析】Constitutional Convention制宪会议。
罗得岛州没有派代表出席费城全国制宪会议。
3. Who has extolled the virtues of farmers?（北二外2008研）A. Thomas JeffersonB. Eli WhitneyC. Adam SmithD. Alexander Hamilton【答案】A【解析】托马斯·杰斐逊（Thomas Jefferson），美国第三任总统，独立宣言的主要起草人之一。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【章节题库】(英国经济)【圣才出品】
第5章英国经济Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. The service industry is also called _____.A. subsidiary industryB. light industryC. secondary industryD. tertiary industry【答案】D【解析】服务业也称第三产业，指不生产物质产品的行业，或者说是指除第一、二产业以外的其他行业。
2. Which of the following livestock has the biggest number in the UK?A. Beef battleB. Dairy cattleC. ChickenD. Sheep【答案】D【解析】2000年，英国羊的数量达到4226万只，为英国数量最多的家畜。
3. Where is the best agricultural land in Britain?A. In the southeast of England.B. In the northeast of England.C. In the southeast of Scotland.D. In the northeast of Scotland.【答案】A【解析】英国东南部是西欧平原的一部分，最适合发展农业，选A。
4. Which of the following is NOT a company in the energy sector?A. Shell.B. ICI.C. RTZ.D. British Gas.【答案】B【解析】ICI是英国帝国化学工业集团的简称，是闻名的纯碱与肥料的制造厂商，不属于能源公司，故选B。
A项为英荷皇家壳牌集团，是全球领先的国际油气集团。
C项为英国里奥廷托锌公司。
D项是英国天然气集团。
5. Which civil airline was started in 1924 after the First World War?A. Imperial AirwayB. British AirwaysC. Hawker-Siddeley AviationD. the British Aircraft Corporation【答案】A【解析】A项帝国航空是B项英国航空的前身，于1924年成立。
朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》笔记和课后习题详解-英国文化(第1~5章)【圣才出品】
第1部分英国文化第1章谁是英国人1.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. Who Are the British?1. The Scots2. The Irish3. The EnglishⅠ. Who Are the British? (谁是英国人？)1. The Scots(苏格兰人)(1) Origin: Celts.(2) Scots are proud that the English never conquered them.(3) Language①Gaelic, old Celtic language of the Scots: it is still heard in the Highlands and the Western Isles and their names beginning with M’, Mac, Mc, which means “son of” in Gaelic;②English;Character: a. said to be serious, cautious, thrifty; b. in fact they are hospitable, generous, friendly.(1) 起源：凯尔特人。
(2) 苏格兰人自豪的是，英国从来没有征服过他们。
(3) 语言①盖尔语，苏格兰的古老的凯尔特语言：在高地和西部群岛地区扔能听到人们讲这些语言，这些地区的人们的名字以M，MAC，MC开头，盖尔语的意思是“儿子”。
②英语；特点：a．据说他们严肃认真、谨慎、节俭；b．事实上他们很热情、慷慨、友善。
2. The Irish(爱尔兰人)(1) Origin: Scots and English Protestants.(2) Problem: there has been bitter fighting between the Protestants who are dominant group, and the Roman Catholics, who are seeking more social, political and economic opportunities.(3) Language①Irish or Erse, a form of Gaelic: official first language of the Republic of Ireland;②English: second.(4) Character: charm, vivacity, beauty girls.(1) 起源：苏格兰和英国新教徒。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【章节题库】(英国文学)【圣才出品】
第6章英国文学Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. In which of the following periods of the English language did William Shakespeare write?（首都师范大学2009研）A. Old English.B. Middle English.C. Late Middle English.D. Modern English.【答案】D【解析】威廉·莎士比亚（1564—1616），英国文艺复兴时期著名诗人、剧作家；古英语（Old English），从450年盎格鲁-撒克逊人入侵到1066年诺曼征服时期的英语；中古英语（Middle English），从1066年到1476年英国开始采用印刷机时期的英语；现代英语（Modern English），从1476年至今的英语。
2. Shakespeare lived in the period of _____.（中山大学2008研）A. the Middle AgesB. the Victorian ageC. the Elizabethan ageD. the Industrial Revolution【答案】C【解析】伊丽莎白一世统治时期（1558—1603），英国文学，特别是戏剧繁荣发展，达到高峰，涌现出了一大批杰出的文学大师，比如莎士比亚（1564—1616）。
3. Which of the following is not true?（北京交大2006研）A. Beowulf is a hero who helps a Danish king kill a sea monster.B. Beowulf later becomes a king of his own land, Sweden.C. Beowulf stands for Christian virtues.D. Beowulf is said to be descended from Cain, the oldest son of Adam and Eve. 【答案】D【解析】《贝奥武甫》，古代史诗，标志着英国文学的开始；故事含意深刻，主人公代表着基督教的美德。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】(英国简介(2))【圣才】
第2章英国简介（2）Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. Ireland is part of Great Britain. _____【答案】F【解析】爱尔兰是一个独立国家，位于爱尔兰岛北部的北爱尔兰才是英国的一部分。
2. “Ulster”, referring to Northern Ireland, was once an ancient Irish Kingdom. _____【答案】T【解析】阿尔斯特指的是北爱尔兰，它曾经是一个古爱尔兰王国的名称。
3. The capital of Belfast is a large city with half a million people. _____【答案】F【解析】贝尔法斯特是北爱尔兰的首府，拥有人口二十余万。
4. Northern Ireland is significant because of its manufacturing industry. _____【答案】F【解析】北爱尔兰重要不仅仅是因为它的工业发达，还因为它在历史上与英国政府的不断冲突，更多是政治意义上的重要性。
5. The majority of Irish people were descendants of the original Celtic people who inhabited British Isles before the Romans arrived 2000 years ago. _____【答案】T【解析】大部分爱尔兰人民是凯尔特人的后代，他们远在罗马人入侵英国的两千年前就在英国居住。
6. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. _____ 【答案】T【解析】大部分英国人是新教徒，大部分爱尔兰人是天主教徒。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】(英国经济)【圣才】
第5章英国经济Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. By the 1880’s the British economy was dominant in the world. _____【答案】T【解析】十九世纪八十年代，英国的经济在世界上占据主导地位。
世界上1/3的制成品来自英国，世界上1/2的煤炭和1/2的棉花来自英国。
航运量比世界其他国家的总量还要大。
2. Both the US and Canada overtook Britain in economy by 1900. _____【答案】F【解析】1900年，英国的经济被美国和德国超越，失去在世界经济体系中的主导地位。
当时加拿大的经济并没有超越英国。
3. By the end of World War Ⅱ, Britain had gone heavily into debt in order to develop its manufacturing industry and borrowed large amounts from the US and France. _____【答案】F【解析】为了给战争筹集资金，英国已经背上了沉重的债务，这意味着英国在进入战后阶段时已经面临严重的经济问题。
因此，英国在二战后所背负的债务并不是因为发展工业，而是为了支持战争。
4. Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies, especially India, which gained its independence in 1947. _____【答案】T【解析】另外，使得英国衰退的原因还有俗称大英帝国的“皇冠上的珠宝”的印度于1947年赢得了独立，使英国失去了一个巨大的“原料库”。
英美社会文化方向考研朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》考研真题
英美社会文化方向考研朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》考研真题一、英国文化第1章谁是英国人I. Multiple Choices.1. Which of the following peoples were the ancestors of the Welsh? （首都师范大学2009研）A. The Celts.B. The Romans.C. The Danes.D. The Anglo-Saxons.【答案】A @@@【解析】英国威尔士人的祖先为凯尔特人；盎格鲁-撒克逊人是英格兰人的祖先。
2. Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A. The Anglo-Saxons.B. The Normans.C. The Vikings.D. The Romans.【答案】A @@@【解析】盎格鲁-撒克逊人西元5世纪起移居不列颠群岛，并建立起一个的王国，10世纪时发展成英格兰王国。
故选A。
B项诺曼人曾于1066年入侵英国。
C项维京人就是北欧海盗，从公元8世纪到11世纪一直侵扰欧洲沿海和英国岛屿。
D项罗马人曾在公元前43年至公元410年统治英国。
3. In the seventeenth century, the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because _____.A. they wanted to increase its control over IrelandB. they had too many people and didn’t have enough space for them to live inC. they intended to expand their investmentD. they believed that Ireland was the best place for them【答案】A @@@【解析】英国政府鼓励国民从苏格兰和英格兰北部移居到爱尔兰北部是为了通过混居同化爱尔兰民族特点和文化，从而加强对其的控制。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】(英国文学)【圣才】
第6章英国文学Ⅰ. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. Much early British literature was concerned with Christianity, and Anglo-Saxons produced many versions of the Bible. _____【答案】T【解析】英国早期文学的主题多围绕基督教展开，例如盎格鲁-撒克逊人编纂过多种版本的圣经，其中以凯尔经最为著名。
2. Beowulf was a sea monster killed by a Swedish warrior. _____【答案】F【解析】贝奥武夫是来自瑞典南部济兹（Geat）的王子。
他在丹麦杀死了作恶多年的半人半魔的妖怪哥伦多。
3. “The Wife of Bath” is one of the tales contained in The Canterbury Tales. _____ 【答案】T【解析】《巴斯夫人》是英国作家乔叟的坎特伯雷故事集中的一个故事。
4. There was a general flowering of culture and intellectual life in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries which is known as “The Renaissance.” _____【答案】F【解析】15到16世纪，欧洲经历了文化和精神生活的全面繁荣，这被称为文艺复兴。
文艺复兴的时间是15到16世纪，而不是17到18世纪。
5. William Shakespeare is a great poet and much is known of his life. _____【答案】F【解析】莎士比亚被誉为英国文学史上最著名的剧作家，因其作品闻名于世界。
朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》课后习题详解（美国文化美国人的特点）【圣才出品】
朱永涛《英美⽂化基础教程》课后习题详解（美国⽂化美国⼈的特点）【圣才出品】第6章美国⼈的特点I.Explain the following in English:1.The pioneering spirit【答案】(1)In the mid-nineteenth century,it was this pioneering spirit that led American settlers to travel westward by the thousands in search of land and gold.(2)It is still an important part of the American character.(3)Today,Northerners and Midwesterners are attracted to the West because of good business opportunities and a mild climate.2.The residential shifting in America【答案】(1)In America,the desire to start a new life in a new place is noticeable throughout the nation.(2)About40million Americans change residences every year.The average American moves fourteen times in his lifetime,compared to five moves for the average Japanese.(3)Some people believe that the highly mobile American society leaves individuals with feelings of root-lessens,isolation,indifference to community welfare,and shallow personal relationships.They want the Americans to rediscover the natural human community.3.American democracy【答案】(1)The creation of American democracy is one of the greatest experiments of all times started by American founding fathers.(2)Under American democracy,’the citizens of the United States,through their elected representatives,establish the nation’s laws and determine its policies.(3)In the author’s opinion,American democracy means majority rule,but it also means protection of minority rights which are outlined in the first ten amendments to the Constitution,known as the Bill of Rights.(4)In the United States,democracy is not only a form of government;it is also a way of life.4.Equality in American society【答案】It does not mean that all human beings are equal in ability or ambition.It means,instead,that all people should be treated equally before the law and given equal privileges and opportunities,insofar as government can control these.In practice,this ideal often does not work perfectly.There have always been those who would deny the rights of others for their own self-interest.There are times when the American people need to be reminded that any denial of basic rights is a weakening of the total system.However,equal treatment and equal opportunity for all are ideals toward which American society is moving ever closer.5.Horatio Alger myth【答案】(1)Horatio Alger was a nineteenth-century American novelist who wrote stories about poor boys who became successful through hard work.(2)These popular“rags-to-riches”stories exemplified the American Dream.(3)The myth inspired a lot of Americans to work hard for success.6.The American Dream【答案】(1)It is the belief that any individual,no matter how poor,can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue.(2)The American Dream symbolized the American belief in equality of opportunity.(3)It attracted a lot of people in the other parts of the world to immigrate to America and inspired them to rise on the social and economic scales.7.Social Mobility【答案】Social mobility-movement from class to class-has always been characteristic of the United States.However,although sociologists talk of the country’s class structure,most Americans do not think in these terms.They do not see themselves as struggling to move from the lower middle class to the upper middle class. Instead they think in terms of higher income to pay for a bigger house,a trip to Europe,summer camp for their children,or more retirement insurance.8.Ralf Nader【答案】(1)In1965,he published a shocking book telling the American public that their automobiles were unnecessarily dangerous.(2)As a result of his efforts,the huge automobile industry was forced to produce a safer product.(3)His success in dealing with the auto industry inspired others to campaign for better products and triggered the consumer protection revolution in the US.9.Materialistic outlook of Americans【答案】Because of their tremendous expenditures for goods and services, Americans are often accused of being materialistic,of valuing above all else money and the comforts and pleasures that money buys.10.Idealistic outlook【答案】They ask much more of life than just day-to-day enjoyment and financial security.They ask that life be meaningful.In choosing careers,Americans consider the significance of their work just as important as the income the job will bring. Also,most Americans are still under the influence of the Protestant ethic,which considers a life of pleasure sinful and hard work ennobling.Americans place great value upon useful activity.In fact,many cannot enjoy their expanding number of leisure hours unless most of their“free”time is spent doing something constructive—such as working on the lawn or cleaning out the garage.II.Fill in the blanks:1.The New Englander is often described as_____and_____;the Southerner as_____ and_____;the westerneras_____and_____.【答案】stern,self-reliant;gracious,leisurely;casual,friendly【解析】新英格兰⼈通常被看作是严肃、⾃⽴的；南部各州的⼈是亲切悠闲的；西部的⼈则很随意并且友好。
朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》课后习题详解（1-11章）【圣才出品】
朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》课后习题详解（1-11章）【圣才出品】第2部分美国文化第1章从大西洋到太平洋I.Explain the following in English:1.New England【答案】(1)New England refers to the north-eastern six states:Maine,NewHampshire,Vermont,Connecticut,Massachusetts and Rhode Island,an area running from the Canadian shore to New York.(2)This area resembles old England in many ways.(3)Some of the earliest settlement in American history was in this area.(4)In general,this part of the country is small-scale,long-established and urban.2.The Mid-Atlantic area【答案】Pennsylvania is the main part of the mid-Atlantic area,which includes New Jersey and Maryland,bounded at the south by the Potomac River.This is the clearest dividing-line in the United States,because across the river is the south.3.The South【答案】(1)It refers to the area across the Potomac River and southwards down the Atlantic coast.(2)This was slave-owning area before the Civil War and mainly produced tobacco and cotton.(3)Economically these states are notoriously backward,but more recently there has been an industrial development,helped by federal plans and hydro-electric power.4.Washington,D.C.【答案】Washington,D.C.,formally the District of Columbia and commonly re ferred to as Washington,“the District”,or simply D.C.,is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July16,1790,approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country’s East Coast.As permitted by the U.S.Constitution,the District is under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and is therefore not a part of any U.S.state.5.New York City【答案】(1)It is the commercial capital of the United States.(2)It is at the southernmost tip of the New York State.(3)It is composed of five boroughs:Manhattan,Brooklyn,the Bronx,Richmond and Queen’s,with Manhattan Island as its center.(4)It is well-known for such places as Wall Street,the Empire State Building, Harlem and Central Park.6.The Middle West【答案】(1)It describes the north-eastern part of the central plain,or the north-eastern quarter of the United States except for the states close to the Atlantic.(2)In terms of political geography,it refers to these states:Illinois,Michigan, Indiana,Wisconsin and Ohio and so on.(3)First developed for farming,these states include huge,sparsely-populated open spaces.(4)Chicago and Detroit are two of the big industrial cities in this area.7.The Great Plain states【答案】The plains run from the Gulf of Mexico in the south up to the Canadian border and beyond-an endless open space comparable with Siberia.Few places in the world can comparewith these great plains for uniformity and monotony,and they are only part of a continuous system which goes northwards to the barren lands of the Arctic.8.The western states【答案】It consists of11states:Montana,Wyoming,Colorado,New Mexico,Idaho, Utah,Nevada,Arizona in8states plus the3states of Pacific coast:Washington, Oregon,and California.II.Fill in the blanks:1.The Republic of the United States consists of_____states with_____states at the time of independence,_____continental states which have been added since independence,_____and_____which were granted statehood in1959.【答案】fifty,thirteen,thirty-five,Alaska,Hawaii【解析】美国目前有50个州。
朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》配套题库(含考研真题)-美国文化(第1~11章)【圣才出品】
第二部分美国文化第1章从大西洋到太平洋I. Multiple Choices.1. Niagara Falls is located in the state of _____.（北二外2008研）A. North CarolinaB. VirginiaC. New YorkD. South Carolina【答案】C【解析】尼亚加拉瀑布位于加拿大安大略省和美国纽约州的交界处。
2. The high, sharp and rugged Rocky Mountains to the east of the Pacific Ocean arecalled _____.A. the “Father of Mountains”B. the “backbone of the continent”C. the “Barn of America”D. the “King of Mountains”【答案】B【解析】落基山被称为北美大陆的脊梁。
3. Which of the following descriptions of the Mississippi River is NOT true? （首都师范大学2008研）A. It flows into the Great Lakes and St Lawrence.B. It is the biggest river system in the US.C. It flows down to New Orleans and the Gulf of Mexico.D. Ohio and Missouri Rivers are branches of the Mississippi River.【答案】A【解析】密西西比河位于北美洲中南部，北起五大湖附近，注入墨西哥湾；是美国最长的河流，与其支流密苏里河构成世界最大的河流系统之一；俄亥俄河是密西西比河水量最大的支流；选项A与事实不符，为正确答案。
朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》课后习题详解（英国文化英国历史）【圣才出品】
朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》课后习题详解（英国文化英国历史）【圣才出品】第2章英国历史I.Explain each of the following in English.1.King Harold【答案】The Saxon king who was defeated and killed at the Battle of Hastings in 1066,when the French-speaking Normans under William the Conqueror invaded England from France.2.Alfred the Great【答案】He was a fine Saxon king who successfully defeated the invading Danes.3.King Arthur【答案】(1)He was the king of England in the sixth century.(2)Little was known about him,except that he was associated with Corn-wall and is the central figure of many legends about him and his Knights of the Round Table.4.The Magna Carta【答案】(1)The Magna Carta(or Great Charter)was a document signed in1215by King John under compulsion by the powerful barons.(2)The purpose of the Charter was to make King John to recognize the rights of the barons.(3)The Magna Carta is now in the British Museum,London.5.The Wars of the Roses【答案】(1)It is the name given to the struggle(1455—1485)for the throne of England between two branches of the English royal family.(2)The houses of Lancaster whose badge was a red rose,and York whose badge was a white rose.(3)The wars weakened both the nobility and the monarch.6.Henry VIII【答案】Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor.Besides his six marriages,Henry VIII is known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church.Henry’s struggles with Rome led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority,the Dissolution of the Monasteries,and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England.7.Elizabeth I【答案】Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty.She gave her name to an age,the Elizabeth age,which remains in English minds as an age of glory.Most people associate it with two things.One is the literature,for this was the age when English literature blossomed.The other is adventure on the sea.For the first time English ships began to explore the world and trade with distant countries.8.Divine Right【答案】The doctrine that a monarch derives his or her power directly from God9.Charles Darwin【答案】(1)The famous Britain scientist who wrote the important book“The Origin of Species”.(2)His theory of evolution caused reaction of the Victorians against the book, and furious debates were held in private and in public.(3)Darwin’s theory contributed to the decay of Victorianism.10.Victorianism【答案】Victorianism is the name given to the attitudes,art,and culture of the later two-thirds of the19th century.This usage is strong within social history and the study of literature,less so in philosophy.Many disciplines do not use the term,but instead prefer Victorian Era,or simply“Late19th century”.Victoriani sm as a word is often specifically directed at Victorian morality.II.Fill in the blanks.1._____were a series of wars in which armies from all over Europe tried to seize Palestine from the Muslims.【答案】The Crusades【解析】根据英美文化常识可知：欧洲各地的军队试图从穆斯林手中夺取巴勒斯坦的一系列战争被称作十字军东征。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】(英国教育体系)【圣才】
第7章英国教育体系I. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F):1. The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children. _____【答案】T【解析】英国教育的一个目的是，教授“3R”，即阅读、写作和算术三种基础科目，为学生积极参与社会提供所需的基本知识和基本技能。
教育的另一个目的是教授学生一些成为好公民所应具备的道理规范和价值观，以便能走上社会，为发达的工业化国家的经济繁荣作贡献。
2. The state seldom interferes with the decision of when, where, how and what children are taught. _____【答案】F【解析】英国的教育体制其实对儿童接受教育的时间、方式、地点和内容都有规定，家长们自己有选择权，学校中也主要是校长进行管理。
但政府并非完全不干涉儿童的教育。
3. The enduring feature of British education is the continuing debate over what should be taught in schools. _____【答案】F【解析】英国教育中一个长期以来的特点是教育的不平等性。
虽然英国社会中中产阶级和工人阶级的比例基本上是一比一，但是接受教育的机会却相差很远。
公立学校和私立学校的区别，好的大学和次要大学的区别，都体现了不平等。
英国的教育体制中设有文法学校、综合学校和职业学校等。
对于课堂上教育的内容有比较清晰的界定，在这方面英国国内已形成比较统一的观念。
朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》课后习题详解(1-12章)【圣才出品】
第1部分英国文化第1章谁是英国人I.Explain each of the following in English1.The Scottish Highlanders【答案】The Scottish Highlander consider himself the’true’Scot and he wears his national dress,the kilt,with pride.They are a proud,independent and hardy people who mainly live by farming sheep in the mountain areas.2.The British Isles【答案】The British Isles are a group of islands off the northwest coast of continental Europe that include the islands of Great Britain,Ireland and over six thousand smaller isles.There are two sovereign states located on the islands:the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.3.The National Eisteddfod【答案】The National Eisteddfod takes place each August and lasts for about a week. The highlight of the Eisteddfod is a competition for the best epic poem about Wales written and read in Welsh;the winner is crowned Bard,considered the supreme honor in Wales.4.Bard【答案】In medieval Gaelic and British culture,a bard was a professional poet, employed by a patron,such as a monarch or nobleman,to commemorate the patron’s ancestors and to praise the patron’s own activities.5.Northern Ireland(Ulster)【答案】In1922,Ireland was partitioned.The26countries of southern Ireland became the Irish Free State,later re-named the Republic of Eire.The six countries of Ulster,in the north,remained part of the United Kingdom with their own parliament, Stormont,responsible for internal affairs.6.Oliver Cromwell【答案】He was an English military and political leader and later Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England,Scotland and Ireland.7.William III【答案】William III was a sovereign Prince of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau by birth.From1672he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland,Utrecht,Gelderland,and Over Ijssel of the Dutch Republic.From1689he reigned as William III over England and Ireland;it is a coincidence that his regna number(III)was the same for both Orange and England.As King of Scotland,he is known as William II.He is informally known by sections of the population inNorthern Ireland and Scotland as“King Billy”.In what became known as the “Glorious Revolution”,on5November1688William invaded England in an action that ultimately deposed King James II&VII and won him the crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland.In the British Isles,William ruled jointly with his wife,Mary II, until her death on28December1694.The period of their joint reign is often referred to as“William and Mary”.8.The Orange Day celebrations【答案】(1)Celebrations held by Protestants on12August each year in Northern Ireland to commemorate the battle of the Royne in1690when the Protestant King William III(William of Orange)crushed a Catholic rebellion in Londonderry.(2)The celebrations were always aggressively provocative and fightings often broke out between Protestant marchers and Catholic bystanders.9.The Provisional IRA【答案】(1)IRA,the Irish Republican Army,is a nationalist organization dedicated to the unification of Ireland.(2)It was organized in1919.(3)In1969it split into an“official”majority,which disclaimed violence,and a terrorist”provisional”wing,whose attacks on British troops in Northern Ireland, random bombings,and others acts of terror in England kept tensions high.10.The Peace People【答案】(1)In the summer of1976Betty Williams,a Protestant house-wife,was so horrified at the killing of two children by a running IRA car that she decided to organize the women of Ulster,both Protestant and Catholic,into a pressure group.(2)It is a pressure group working for peace and reconciliation in Ireland. Williams and her catholic partner,Corrigan,soon gathered thousands of followers despite threats and intimidation from both sides.(3)They continued to pursue their aims and at the end of1976the two leaders were awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace.11.William the Conqueror【答案】In AD1066William of Normandy(William the conqueror)landed with a large armed force on the south coast and won a great victory over the Saxons.He and his French-speaking followers set up a strong central government which brought a new unified discipline and control to the country.II.Fill in the blanks.1.The full name of the United Kingdom is_____.【答案】the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.【解析】根据英美文化常识可知，英国的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【章节题库】(英国媒体)【圣才出品】
第9章英国媒体Ⅰ. Multiple choice.1. Which of the following is the most famous of all British newspapers?（北二外2006研）A. The TimesB. The GuardianC. Daily TelegraphD. Daily Mirror【答案】A【解析】The Times《泰晤士报》是英国第一主流大报，是该国最具影响力的报纸。
The Guardian《卫报》。
Daily T elegraph《每日电讯报》，因其时效性而得名。
Daily Mirror《每日镜报》。
2. Which of the following is a tabloid?（北二外2006研）A. New StatesmanB. The SunC. Sunday TimesD. Morning Star【答案】B【解析】The Sun《太阳报》是一家通俗小报，是全英国销量最高的报纸。
New Statesman《新政治家》是一家英国时政周刊。
Sunday Times《星期日泰晤士报》、Morning Star《晨星报》是英国共产党的机关报。
3. Which of the following newspaper is a tabloid?（北二外2008研）A. The TelegraphB. East EndersC. The News of the WorldD. None of the above【答案】C【解析】tabloid通俗小报。
The News of the World是一家英国小报。
The Telegraph《每日电讯报》，它是英国四家全国性“高级”日报中销量最大的一家。
4. Which of the following statements about the BBC is not true?（北京交大2003研）A. The BBC puts out both radio broadcasting services and TV programs.B. There is no advertising on any of the BBC programs.C. The BBC is financed by private funds.D. The BBC World Service broadcasts international news worldwide, using more than 30 languages.【答案】C【解析】BBC英国广播公司除了经营广播节目之外，还经营电视节目；所有节目中都不插播任何广告；资金来自用户的接收费；以40多种语言做全球广播。
朱永涛《英美文化基础教程》笔记和课后习题详解(英联邦)【圣才出品】
第12章英联邦12.1 复习笔记Ⅰ. The CommonwealthⅡ. Mixed Territories: the Present SituationⅢ. Color Problems in BritainⅠ. The Commonwealth(英联邦)The Commonwealth of Nations’ contains three groups of territories as follows:(1) ‘White’ territories, whose inhabi tants are mainly of British descent, and who speak English as their mother tongue, viz. Canada (with Newfoundland), Australia and New Zealand.(2) ‘Non-white’ territories, where the British have never settled, except temporarily as traders and administrators, e.g. India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West African countries and Malaya.(3) Mixed territories, whose inhabitants are partly British and partly non-British,e. g. the Central African and East African countries.英联邦领土包含如下三组：(1) 白人地区，其居民主要是英国血统，英语是他们的母语，这三个地区是加拿大（与纽芬兰），澳大利亚和新西兰。
(2) 非白人地区，除了将其用作短暂的交易员和管理员外，英国从来没有真正征服过这些地区，包括印度，巴基斯坦，斯里兰卡，马来亚和西非国家。
朱永涛《英语国家社会与文化入门》配套题库【课后习题】(英国的外交关系)【圣才】
【答案】C
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
【解析】安理会由 5 个常任理事国和 10 个非常任理事国组成。5 个常任理事国是中国、法
国、俄罗斯、英国、美国。其中，英国于 1945 年成为常任理事国。
3. How much of the globe did Britain rule in its imperial prime? A. A fourth of the globe. B. A fifth of the globe. C. A third of the globe. D. Two-thirds of the earth.
【答案】C 【解析】在英国帝国主义盛行时期，它将世界三分之一的地区纳入自己的殖民体系之中
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圣才电子书 十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
9. Britain is not a member of the NATO due to its disagreement with some European countries on defence policy. _____ 【答案】F 【解析】英国是北大西洋公约组织的一员，尽管它对某些成员国的防御政策不完全赞同。
2. Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? A. France, China, Germany, Russia and Britain. B. The United States, France, Britain, Germany and Russia. C. China, Russia, France, Britain and the United States. D. China, Britain, France, the United States and Japan.