Eskimos

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美国概况

美国概况I.简要介绍【General Introduction】一、地理位置【Location】美利坚合众国【The United State of America】，又叫美国【the States/the US/USA】或者山姆大叔【Uncle Sam】美国主要大陆面积地处北美洲中部，北部与加拿大接壤，南部与墨西哥接壤。

美国大陆东临大西洋【the Atlantic Ocean】，西面太平洋【the Pacific Ocean】，南部则是墨西哥湾【the Gulf of Mexico】。

二、美国国旗【American National Flag】美国国旗最初于1777年7月14日面世，国旗上有13条条纹，象征着美国最初的13个州，现在的美国国旗上有50颗星星，象征着现在美国的50个州，美国国旗总共有三种颜色：白色、红色、蓝色。

II.地理【Geography】美国的国土面积是930万平方公里，国土面积位居世界第四，位于俄罗斯、加拿大、中国之后。

美国是由50个州组成的联邦共和制国家。

美国最大的州是阿拉斯加【Alaska】，最小的州是罗德岛【Rhode Island】，美国大陆最大的州是德克萨斯州【Texas】，阿拉斯加和夏威夷于1959年成为美国第49和第50个州，是晚加入的两个州。

美国的大湖区与密西西比水系相连接，构成了世界上最大的内陆淡水水体，同时它也是世界上最大的水路运输通道。

一、地理区域【Geographical Regions】包括夏威夷在内，美国可分为八个自然区域【physical region】，分别是：1.新英格兰地区【New England】2.大西洋中部诸州【the Mid Atlantic States】3.中西部地区【the Midwest】4.南部地区【the South】5.大平原地区【the Great Plain】6.落基山脉和山间地区【the Rockies and Intermountain Region】/ 美国西部地区【the American West】7.太平洋沿岸地区【the Pacific Coast】8.新建州【the New States】1. 新英格兰【New England】新英格兰地区是由东北部的6个州组成的，分别是：缅因州【Maine（位于美国东北角的州）】、新罕布什尔州【New Hampshire】、佛蒙特州【Vermont】、马萨诸塞州【Massachusetts】、罗德岛州【Rhode Island】、康涅狄格州【Connecticut】。

牛津沪教版英语六年上Unit-4-What-would-you-like-to-be复习

A. cookingB. cookC. cooksD. Cooker
2. Shanghai World Expo began _________ May 1, 2010.
A. inB. forC. atD .on
3. A big fare began around 2 p.m. _________ November 15, and soon the building was on fire.
put sb out (1)使某人失去知觉e.g. The thief put me out and stole my money.
贼打昏了我偷了我的钱。
(2)发布，出版或广播某事物e.g. They put out new books , but no one bought them.
他们出版了新书，但是没有人买。
10. It means“No”. We shouldn’t ______(smoke).
11、The cartoon is ________.The children are very ______.(excit)
三Rewrite the sentences as required (根据要求改写句子)
3、postman n.邮递员
[复数]postmen
[词性转换]post n.邮件；岗位
I would like to be a(post) in the future.
Teddy's brother brings letter. He is a _________
A.policeman B.fireman C.postman kman
2、I usually start work at half past eight in the morning.我通常在上午八点半开始工作。

初中eskimos教案

初中eskimos教案课程目标：1. 学生能够了解到爱斯基摩人的生活环境和文化特点。

2. 学生能够通过观察和讨论，了解爱斯基摩人的生活方式和传统。

3. 学生能够提高自己的观察力、思考力和表达能力。

教学重点：1. 爱斯基摩人的生活环境和文化特点。

2. 爱斯基摩人的生活方式和传统。

教学难点：1. 爱斯基摩人的生活环境对他们的生活方式的影响。

2. 爱斯基摩人的传统和文化特点的内涵。

教学准备：1. 教师准备相关的图片、视频和资料。

2. 学生准备笔记本和笔。

教学过程：Step 1: 引入（5分钟）1. 教师向学生展示一些爱斯基摩人的图片和视频，引起学生的兴趣。

2. 教师提出问题：“你们对爱斯基摩人有什么了解？”让学生自由发言。

Step 2: 探究爱斯基摩人的生活环境（15分钟）1. 教师介绍爱斯基摩人的生活环境，包括极地的气候、冰川、海洋等。

2. 教师引导学生观察爱斯基摩人所处的环境，并思考这样的环境对他们的生活方式有何影响。

Step 3: 了解爱斯基摩人的生活方式（15分钟）1. 教师介绍爱斯基摩人的生活方式，包括狩猎、捕鱼、建造冰屋等。

2. 教师引导学生思考这样的生活方式是如何适应极地环境的。

Step 4: 探究爱斯基摩人的传统和文化特点（15分钟）1. 教师介绍爱斯基摩人的传统和文化特点，包括语言、宗教、艺术等。

2. 教师引导学生讨论爱斯基摩人的文化特点对他们生活方式的影响。

Step 5: 总结和表达（10分钟）1. 教师引导学生总结今天的学习内容，并让学生分享自己的感受和体会。

2. 教师鼓励学生用自己的话表达对爱斯基摩人的理解和看法。

Step 6: 作业布置（5分钟）1. 教师布置作业，要求学生写一篇关于爱斯基摩人的小作文。

教学反思：本节课通过图片、视频和资料的展示，让学生了解了爱斯基摩人的生活环境和文化遗产。

在教学过程中，教师引导学生观察、思考和讨论，提高了学生的观察力、思考力和表达能力。

同时，教师也注意到了学生的学习兴趣和参与度，通过提问和引导，激发了学生的学习热情。

江苏译林牛津英语7B-Unit3单元测试及答案

译林7B Unit3单元测试一、单项选择。

( )1. Let’s take ____exchange students ______Chongqing Restaurant.A. / , go toB. the , toC. / ,go to theD. the , to the ( )2. I hope you ______ come to see me very soon.A. canB. to comeC. mustD. will( )3. Why don’t you ________our local theatre?A. to visitB. visitC. visitingD. visits( )4. sheep there on the farm?A. How many; isB. How many; areC. How much; isD. How much; are( )5. The bicycle_____ me 300 yuan.A. spendsB. takesC. costsD. pays( ) 6. Miss Green teaches English.A. usB. ourC. weD. ours( )7. We often have ______homework to do on Sunday.A. too manyB. many tooC. much tooD. too much( )8. How do you ________ yesterday’s film?A. think ofB. think aboutC. likedD. find( )9. Is there ________ in today’s English class?A. anything importantB. important anythingC. something importantD. important something( )10. So much work usually makes them _______ very tired.A. to feelB. feelsC. feelingD. feel( )11. There’s _____ juice in the kitchen. Please go and buy some.A. a littleB. fewC. muchD. little( )12.Kate often helps her mother some cooking.A .do B. does C. doing D. is doing( )13.My mother is busy today. There are many clothes after work.A.washesB. washingC. to washD. wash ( )14 My father is looking forward to _________ his old friend from Xinjiang.A. seeB. seeingC. sawD. looking at( ) 15.Thank you_______ me your book..A. borrowB. for borrowingC. at lendingD. for lending( ) 16. They will build a new bridge _____ the river in front of my house.A. onB. overC. aboveD. near( ) 17. Kitty, your cousin is ________. We all like her.A. such lovely a girlB. such a lovely girlC. a so lovely girlD. so a lovely girl( ) 18. –How many apples are there in the basket? --________.A. NoB. No one.C. NoneD. Nothing.( ) 19. Miss Green teaches ________ English.A. usB. ourC. weD. ourselves( ) 20. I usually go to school _______.A. on bicycleB. by a bicycleC. on my bicycleD. ride a bicycle ( ) 21. ____ girl with ______ apple in her hand is my best friend, Lucy.A. A, theB. The, aC. A, anD. The, an( ) 22. We can see the teacher’s desk _______ the classroom.A. beforeB. afterC. in front ofD. in the front of( ) 23. That boy is Simon. And the girl next to ________ is Amy.A. heB. hisC. himD. she( ) 24. This is _______ English class. I hope you can enjoy English.A. our the firstB. the our firstC. our firstD. first the our( ) 25. The room isn’t big enough for us ________.A. to liveB. to live inC. live inD. living in( ) 26. I didn’t go to bed _______ ten o’clock last ni ght.A. afterB. whenC. toD. until( ) 27. --What can you see on the table? –We can see four ___ and six ______.A. bottle of milk, tomatoB. bottle of milks, tomatosC. bottles of milk, tomatoesD. bottles of milks, tomatoes( ) 28. English will help us ______ in our work and study.A. lotB. a lotC. a lot ofD. lots of( ) 29. Last Sunday, Uncle Wang _______ us _______ his home town.A. show, aroundB. show, visitC. showed, to visitD. showed, around( ) 30. Do you have _______ chicken _______ beef?A. some, andB. any, andC. some, orD. any, or( )31. She has few friends, _______ she?A. doesn’tB. hasn’tC. doesD. is( ) 32. If you don’t have enough rest, yo u _______ ill.A. maybeB. areC. may beD. may( ) 33. Hello, Tom! Would you please _____ with me?A. goB. to goC. goingD. for going( ) 34. He is more friendly ______ I think.A. afterB. becauseC. thanD. then( ) 35. When she got up, she felt a little _______ and took some medicine.A. illB. sickC. badlyD. A and B二．完形填空。

外研社英语八年级上册 Module 10 The weather 单元检测 (含答案)

Module 10 The weather一、根据汉语或首字母提示写出单词1 If you go to visit London, don’t forget to take an _____ (雨伞) because the weather there is changeable (易变的).2 Our English teacher isn’t in the classroom. He is _____ (可能) in his office.3 At night temperatures sometimes fall to _____ (零下的) 20℃.4 You should drive more carefully. The road is w_____. You know, it rained heavily last night.5 You had better take a bus to the train station. It is about 5 m_____ from here.二、完形填空There was a time when I thought cats, dogs and other animals were a big trouble. I 1 animals and I didn’t like people having pet animals at home.One day, my uncle came to our house and gave me some nice biscuits. I 2 many and threw some to a alley (小巷) 3 . The dog was happy and wagged its tail. After that, I 4 it thoroughly (彻底地).Then one day while I was in a shop, a man took away my handbag and tried to 5 . I really didn’t know what to do at that time. I felt scared (害怕) and 6 . Suddenly a dog appeared and chased the man. The man turned around quickly and gave the handbag to me. I7 the dog. It was the dog I had fed with the 8 .From then on, I began to like 9 . I decided to be nice to animals 10 take care of them. Now I have a pet dog. His name is Jimmy. You know where he is from.1 A. kept B. hated C. borrowed D. loved2 A. bought B. cooked C. made D. ate3 A. dog B. cat C. monkey D. bird4 A. knew B. learned C. forgot D. talked5 A. come down B. turn down C. run away D. put away6 A. nervous B. hungry C. excited D. tired7 A. listened to B. looked at C. felt like D. talked about8 A. noodles B. hamburgers C. cakes D. biscuits9 A. animals B. festivals C. friends D. movies10 A. but B. and C. so D. or三、阅读理解Do you know Eskimos (爱斯基摩人)? Let me tell you something about their lives. Eskimos live near the North Pole (北极). There are only two seasons there, winter and summer.There is no sprin g or autumn there. The winter nights are long. You can’t see the sun for more than two months, even at midday. The summer days are long. For more than two months, the sun never goes down and there’s no night. Eskimos have warm clothes. They make their clot hes fromthe skins (毛皮) of animals. From skins they make coats, caps and shoes.Near the North Pole trees can’t grow, for it is too cold there. Eskimos have to make their houses from skins, snow or stone. When they get out in storms and can’t get back home, they make houses of snow. They leave these houses when the storm is over. Life is hard for Eskimos, but they still like to live there.1 Near the North Pole there are _____ in a year.A. two seasons — winter and summerB. two seasons — spring and autumnC. four seasonsD. two seasons sometimes and four seasons sometimes2 Eskimos use skins of animals to make _____.A. clothesB. housesC. bedsD. both A and B3 There are no _____ near the North Pole.A. daysB. nightsC. treesD. animals4 Eskimos make houses of snow to protect themselves from _____.A. animalsB. stormsC. snowD. rain四、任务型阅读There are four seasons in Beijing, the capital of China — short windy spring, long hot summer, cool pleasant autumn and long chilly winter. The hottest month is July and the coldest is January. September and October with the pleasant and cool weather are thought as the best time to visit this city.SpringTo visit this city in spring (early April till the end of May) you need to bring lightweight (薄型的) clothing: long-sleeved shirts (长袖衬衫) or T-shirts, plus one or two jackets and sweaters. It is warm, windy and dry but the temperature changes sharply between the day and the night. Dress warmly when going out at night. Also guard (保护) yourselves against sandstorms with outdoors wind gear (设备）.Summer①Summer (from early June to mid-September) is very hot with much rain. This calls for light clothes as the temperature in July and August ranges (变化) between 30℃ and 40℃. Short and heavy rainstorms may come suddenly in the afternoon on sunny days.AutumnThe short but beautiful autumn (from mid- September to the end of October) is travellers’ all-time favourite. Autumn in this city enjoys mild temperature and a lot of sunshine. Long-sleeved shirts and thin coats are necessary for autumn. From late October the temperature comes down sharply, so warm clothing is a must.WinterThis city has a cold, dry and long winter from early November to the next March. The chilly days have no let up (缓和) despite (尽管) sunny days. The average temperature in December, January and February is below 0℃. Be sure to wear wool sweaters and thick coats for winter.1 How long is spring in Beijing?____________________________________________________________2 Which is the longest season in Beijing?____________________________________________________________3 What does the underlined word “must” mean in Chinese?____________________________________________________________4 把句子①翻译成汉语____________________________________________________________5 When is the best time to visit Beijing?____________________________________________________________五、根据短文内容及所给提示，补全文中单词或用所给单词的适当形式填空Hello! I’m back from my 1 (假期). I went to a beach with my parents. We s 2 two weeks there. We lived in a hotel. Our room 3 (face) the sea, so we could see the sea at any time of the day! There 4 (be) a shopping street and many restaurants around. We bought many things and enjoyed lots of seafood. I also bought s 5 special for all of you.The workers in the hotel were nice and 6 (friend). They always answered our questions 7 (带着) a smile. We had many kinds of food and drinks for breakfast. The food was so d 8 that I ate a lot every morning. The Happy Hour was 9 (等) for us after we came back from the beach! 10 (一切) was perfect.六、书面表达假如你是Li Na，你要应聘某气象台的天气预报员一职，面试内容是根据下表内容写一篇天气预报广播稿。

2021年秋季北京邮电大学网络教育英语入学测试模拟题及答案15

2021年秋季北京邮电大学网络教育英语入学测试模拟题及答案15(三)It was wonderful up there.Ralph wanted to reach out and 1 a star,for they 2 so close.He could see the earth 3 smaller and smaller.The ship circled around a 4 star called Mars,and his space friends 5 Ralph understand that this was their home.He wanted to ask all kinds of 6,but 7 could answer him.There was nothing to eat or drink.These people had only 8 coloured pills which they ate 9 they were hungry.Soon it became 10 harder for Ralph to breathe than he 11 at first.He left 12 light that he could not even stand 13 his own feet.“If I could only have some water,”he 14,“and a ride back down to the earth!”The spacemen knew that it was 15 for Ralph to leave.He could not live up there 16 longer without special air and a suit like theirs.So they took him to a part of the ship where there was 17 enough for just one man.A door closed over his head and 18 a minute Ralph was flying down to the earth 19 his own rocket ship.Suddenly he felt the rocket 20 down and then stop.He was back on the earth.1.A.get B.touch C.hit D.knock2.A.felt B.saw C.looked D.watched3.A.getting B.being C.going D.falling4.A.far B.long C.high rge5.A.told B.caused C.let D.made6.A.problems B.questions C.words D.phrases7.A.no one B.someone C.anyone D.everyone8.A.few B.a little C.little D.no9.A.where B.because C.if D.when10.A.very B.quite C.rather D.even11.A.felt B.seemed C.appeared D.looked12.A.very B.so C.as D.too13.A.by B.above C.in D.on14.A.hoped B.expected C.wished D.wanted15.A.day B.date C.time D.hour16.A.no B.any C.too D.very17.A.floor B.ground C.place D.room18.A.in B.after C.for D.before19.A.in B.by C.on D.from20.A.fly B.fall C.slow D.go(四)The people who lives in the far North are called Eskimos(爱斯基姆人).In the world 1 ice and snow it is 2 to grow plants for food.The Eskimos must hunt and fish 3 the whole year to 4 themselves and their families with food.In winter,they hunt the seal(海豹)5 the polar(极地的)bear.When they hunt the seal,they 6 a hole in the ice and try to 7 the seal when it comes up to breathe.In summer,the Eskimos hunt 8 animals,9 they also hunt birds and catch fish.10 that is useful is saved.The Eskimos use the 11 from animals for food.They melt(融化)the fat from their bodies and use the 12 as fuel(燃料).They make tools out of animals’bones.The skin and furs of animals are used for making clothing.If an Eskimo is 13 lucky,he may kill a whale(鲸鱼),14 a dead whale may wash up on the shore near his house.The whale is an especially useful animal,because it gives a great 15 of oil.There is 16 wood at all where the Eskimos live.Eskimos 17 all their wood from the sea.Sometimes floating wood from places farther south washes up on the shore.For transportation(运输),Eskimos 18 sleds(雪橇).The sleds are pulled across the ice and snow,or over the frozen ground,bydogs.Most Eskimo houses are 19 of stones.Instead of a door,there is a long,low tunnel(地道)20 into the house.People have to crawl(爬)through the tunnel in order to enter the house.1.A.in B.with C.of D.covered2.A.important B.impossible C.impolite D.interesting3.A.in B.during C.through D.over4.A.supply B.find C.look for D.give5.A.or B.and C.but D.with6.A.find B.cut C.beat D.strike7.A.kill B.beat C.hold D.catch8.A.another B.other C.others D.new9.A.so B.but C.and D.or10.A.Something B.Everything C.Anything D.Nothing11.A.meat B.blood C.bones D.skin12.A.fat B.liquid C.oil D.rest13.A.much B.often C.not D.very14.A.and B.or C.otherwise D.but15.A.many B.much C.number D.deal16.A.not B.no C.none D.little17.A.find B.have C.receive D.gete B.drive C.push D.pull19.A.built B.constructed C.made D.piled20.A.going ing C.leading D.winding 参考答案：(三)1-5:BCADD6-10:BACDD11-15:ABDCC16-20:BDAAC(四)1-5:CBBAB6-10:BABCB11-15:ACDBD16-20:BDACC。

口诀记住美国50个州

美国一共有50个州:Alabama: Yes, We Have Electricity阿拉巴马州：是的，我们有电！Alaska: 11,623 Eskimos Can't Be Wrong!阿拉斯加州：一万一千六百二十三名爱斯基摩人是不会错的！Arizona: But It's A Dry Heat亚利桑那州：可是，这里的热是燥热呀！Arkansas: Literacy Ain't Everything阿肯色州：有文化并不能代表一切！California: By 30, Our Women Have More Plastic Than Your Honda加利福尼亚州：到30岁的时候，我们的妇女使用的整形塑胶的数量将会超过本田公司塑料用量的总和。

Colorado: If You Don't Ski, Don't Bother科索拉多州：如果你连滑雪都不会，那么请别来打扰我好吗？Connecticut: Like Massachusetts, Only The Kennedy's Don't Own It Yet康涅狄格州：和马萨诸塞州几乎没什么区别，只是肯尼迪家族还没有拥有它。

Delaware: We Really Do Like The Chemicals In Our Water特拉华州：我们真得很不喜欢我们的水源中携带的化学物质。

Florida: Ask Us About Our Grandkids佛罗里达州：问问关于我们的孙子孙女的事情吧。

Georgia: We Put The "Fun" In Fundamentalist Extremism乔治亚州：我们给极端的正统基督教信仰注入了一些“有趣的东西”。

Hawaii: Haka Tiki Mou Sha'ami Leeki Toru (Death To Mainland Scum, But Leave Your Money)夏威夷州：让美国大陆上的那些无用之辈去死吧，不过记得把你们的金钱留下。

中西方肢体语言的差异【英汉对照】

一、动作一样，意义不同。

1. 跺脚，在中国人看来，表示气愤，恼怒，灰心，悔恨。

而它的英文含义则是不耐烦。

2. 目不转睛地看，其中文含义是：好奇；有时是惊讶。

英文含义则是不礼貌；使人发窘；不自在。

3. 拍别人的脑袋，中文含义是：对孩子来说是一种疼爱的表现，但是对成年或青年人做出这样的动作则会引起反感，是一种侮辱性的动作。

4. 鼓掌，观众和听众鼓掌，表演或讲话人也鼓掌，在中国人看来，表示表演者或演讲者的谢意，双方一齐鼓掌来相互表示友好感情。

而在英语国家中，表演者或演讲者鼓掌则表示自己为自己鼓掌，自己为自己的表演感到骄傲，自己为自己所付出的努力感到自豪。

5. 嘘嘘声，汉语含义是反对；责骂；轰赶等。

英文含义则是要求安静。

二、同样意思，动作有差异。

1. 叫别人过来，中国人的肢体语言为把手伸向被叫人，手心向下，几个手指同时弯曲几次，而美国人的肢体语言为把手伸向被叫人，手心向上，握拳用食指前后摆动。

美国人的这种肢体语言在中国人看来是一种侮辱，或挑衅，是一种极不礼貌的行为。

2. 开玩笑时用的，表示丢人。

中国人伸出食指在脸上刮几下，而美国人则是伸出两只手的食指，手心向下，用一个食指擦另一个食指的背面3. 表示吃饱了的用语，中国人用手抚摸后轻拍自己的肚子(表示自己的肚子里已经装满食物了，不能再吃了。

而美国人一只手放在自己的喉头，手心向下，表示吃到这了，食物已经到了嗓子了，再吃就要吐出来了。

三、只在一种文化中存在的动作。

（中国没有或西方没有的某种肢体语言。

）1. 在美国，咬指甲，表示担心，不知所措，心中有重大的思想负担。

2. 在美国，用大拇指顶着鼻头，其他四指弯着一起动，表示挑战，蔑视。

3. 在美国，摇动手指），表示：警告别人不要作某事，表示对方在做错事。

The action is the same, but has different meanings. 1. Stomping，in the eyes of the Chinese people，it stand for angry. Its English meaning is impatient.2. The Chinese meaning of intently watching is curious sometimes surprised.English meaning is impolite embarrassed and uncomfortable.3. Shoot someone's head, the Chinese meaning: a performance of love for children, but for adults or young people to make this kind of action will cause offense, is an offensive action.4.The applause, the audience applauded for performance or speech, in the eyes of the Chinese people, the performer or speaker say thanks to the two sides together to show the friendly to each other. In English-speaking countries, the performers or speakers applauded for their proud performances,.5. Peeing sound, Chinese meaning is against other’s idea. English meaning is requested quiet.1. Tell others over, the Chinese body language to reach out to the cal lee, palms down, several fingers while bending a few times, and the body language of the Americans to reach out to as people, palms up, make a fist with the forefinger pitching. This action in China appears to be an insult, or provocation, it is an extremely impolite action.2. Joke with, indicating a shame, China forefinger in face scraping few times, while Americans extended the index finger of both hands, palms down, with an index finger to rub the back of another index finger.3. Fed terminologies, China stroking and patting his stomach (own stomach full of food, can not eat. Americans with one hand on his throat, palms down, means that eat the food to the throat, eat going to spit it out.三the presence of only in a culture operation. (China or the West is not some kind of body language.)1. In the United States, the nail-biting, expressed worry about what to do, the high pressure, the major burden of thinking.2. In the United States, wore nose with the thumb and other four fingers bent with challenge the contempt.3. In the United States, shaking a finger warning others not to do something, they are doing something wrong..4. 在美国，把胳膊放在胸前，握紧拳头，拇指向下，向下摆几次，表示反对某人；表示强烈反对。

爱斯基摩人介绍英文

There are two main groups that are referred to as Eskimo: Yupik and Inuit. A third group, the Aleut, is related. The Yupik language dialects and cultures in Alaska and eastern Siberia have evolved in place beginning with the original Eskimo culture that developed in Alaska Today the two main groups of Eskimos are the Inuit of northern Alaska, Canada and Greenland, and the Yupik, comprising speakers of four distinct Yupik languages and originating in western Alaska, in south central Alaska along the Gulf of Alaska coast, and in the Russian far east.
Pure white land owner
Eskimo
Eskimos (or Esquimaux) or Inuit–Yupik (for Alaska: Inupiat–Yupik)
peoples are indigenous people who have traditionally inhabited the circumpolar region from eastern Siberia (Russia), across Alaska(United states), Canada, and Greenland.

爱斯基摩人

爱斯基摩人爱斯基摩人(印第安语),3000多年前到北极地区,传说是蒙古族的后代。

“爱斯基摩(Eskimos)”一词出自印第安语，意思是“吃生肉的人”。

因为历史上印第安人与爱斯基摩人有矛盾，所以这一名字含有贬意。

因此，爱斯基摩人自称为“因纽特人”，在爱斯基摩语中即“真正的人”之意。

多住在北极圈内的格陵兰岛(丹麦)、加拿大的北冰洋沿岸和美国的阿拉斯加州。

爱斯基摩人都是矮个子、黄皮肤、黑头发，这样的容貌特征和蒙古人种相当一致。

近年来的基因研究发现，他们更接近西藏人。

爱斯基摩人是由从亚洲经两次大迁徙进入北极地区的。

经历了4000多年的历史。

由于气候恶劣，环境严酷，他们基本上是在死亡线上挣扎，能生存繁衍至今，实在是一大奇迹。

在世界民族大家庭中，爱斯基摩人无疑是最强悍、最顽强、最勇敢和最为坚韧不拔的民族。

传统的爱斯基摩人过着近乎原始的生活，他们四处打猎，靠天吃饭，生产力水平非常低，每天为食物而奔波。

与之相适应的是，爱斯基摩人有共享自然资源的传统，只有武器、日常生活用具和衣服归个人所有。

虽然他们的社会生活简单，但是家庭生活却很复杂。

爱斯基摩人的婚姻通常是一夫一妻制，但有的地区是一夫多妻制(2～3个妻子)。

家庭是爱斯基摩人社会生活的重要基本单元，也是个人生存的重要依靠家庭规模一般固定在20几人到30几人的范围。

提起爱斯基摩人就联想到他们住在雪屋中，其实这是非常片面的。

实际上有3／4的爱斯基摩人都没见过这种雪屋，常年住在雪屋的只是极地爱斯基摩人。

由于没有木材、草泥，他们只能就地取材，用雪块建造房屋。

建造圆顶雪屋需要一定的技术，要求力学上的稳定，外形要求也颇为严格。

有经验的爱斯基摩人建成的雪屋堪称建筑上的杰作。

现在真正的爱斯基摩人大约只有15万人，他们的生活今非昔比，已经相当现代化了。

在20年的时间里，从原始的传统生活一跃而进入了现代文明，其速度之快和变化之大不能不说是一个奇迹。

然而巨大的文化反差也同时打乱了爱斯基摩人固有的心理平衡，他们也面临了很多社会问题。

爱斯基摩人

爱斯基摩人-民族
• 爱斯基摩人是北极土著居民中分布地域最广的民族，其居住地域从亚洲东海岸一直向东延伸到拉布拉多半岛和格陵兰岛，主要集中在北美大陆。通常西方人把爱斯基摩人分为东部爱斯基摩人和西部爱斯基摩人。西部爱斯基摩人指阿留申群岛、阿拉斯加西北部和加拿大西北部麦肯齐三角洲地区讲因纽特语的居民。这些地区的爱斯基摩文化深受相邻地区亚洲和美国印第安人文化的影响。东部爱斯基摩人指北美北极地区的中部和东部讲因纽特语的居民。当人们不分青红皂白笼统地称之为爱斯基摩人的时候，并没有意识到这些爱斯基摩人实际上说着不同的语言。当然，这些语言属于同一个语系，即现在所说的爱斯克兰特语。人们相信这个语系和东亚地区的某些语言有关系，只是至今还没有找到足够的证据说明这一点。爱斯基摩人自己称呼自己的名字很多，在不同的方言中称谓各异，如：因努伊特人(Inuit)、因努皮雅特人(Inupiat)、尤皮克人(Yupik)及阿鲁提伊特人 (Alutiit)等等，其义为＂人民＂或＂真实的人民＂。爱斯基摩一名源出蒙塔格奈语(Montagnais,一种阿尔冈昆语〔Algonquian〕)，自16世纪以来，即由欧洲人及其他民族用以指称北极居民。此名一度被认为涵义是＂食生肉者＂，现今则认为是＂雪鞋＂。加拿大和格陵兰的北极居民宁愿自称为因努伊特人，而在阿拉斯加地区则仍以爱斯基摩人这一名称深受当地居民欢迎。
•
•
这双漂亮的靴子是由海豹皮，驯鹿皮，狗毛等和彩色的线缝制而成
爱斯基摩人-分布
• 北极地区的土著民族，自称因纽口约13万(2000)，分别居住在格陵兰(5.3万)、美国的阿拉斯加(4.1万)、加拿大北部(3.4万)和俄罗斯白令海峡一侧(约2千)。属蒙古人种北极类型。 • 现今已知最早的爱斯基摩文化出现于阿留申群岛中乌姆纳克岛(Umnak Island)上的一个地点，据记载，距今大约为 3,018±230年左右。在西方人的眼光中，他们是典型的爱斯基摩人。东部爱斯基摩人的分布面积占整个爱斯基摩人居住范围的 3／4而人口却只占1／3。由于东部地区的自然资源没有西部的丰富，所以今天西部地区的爱斯基摩人的物质生活水平和文化水平都要比东部地区的高一些。爱斯基摩人居住地分散，地区差异很大，所以文化差异也很大。[2]

爱斯基摩文化

爱斯基摩人 - 简介爱斯基摩人图册爱斯基摩人（Eskimo）是北极地区的土著民族，自称因纽特人（Inuit），分布在从西伯利亚、阿拉斯加到格陵兰的北极圈内外，分别居住在格陵兰、美国、加拿大和俄罗斯。

属蒙古人种北极类型，先后创制了用拉丁字母和斯拉夫字母拼写的文字。

多信万物有灵和萨满教，部分信基督教新教和天主教。

住房有石屋、木屋和雪屋，房屋一半陷入地下，门道极低。

一般养狗，用以拉雪橇。

主要从事陆地或海上狩猎，辅以捕鱼和驯鹿。

以猎物为主要生活来源：以肉为食，毛皮做衣物，油脂用于照明和烹饪，骨牙作工具和武器。

爱斯基摩人 - 历史这双漂亮的靴子是由海豹皮，驯鹿皮，狗毛等和彩色的线缝制而成图册“爱斯基摩(Eskimos)” 一词是由印第安人首先叫起来的，即“吃生肉的人”。

因为历史上印第安人与爱斯基摩大有矛盾，所以这一名字显然含有贬意。

因此，爱斯基摩人并不喜欢这名字，而将自己称为“因纽特( Inuit)”或“因纽皮特( Inupiat)”人，在爱斯基摩语中即“真正的人”之意。

爱斯基摩人是由从亚洲经两次大迁徙进入北极地区的。

经历了4000多年的历史。

由于气候恶劣，环境严酷，他们基本上是在死亡线上挣扎，能生存繁衍至今，实在是一大奇迹。

他们必须面对长达数月乃至半年的黑夜，抵御零下几十摄氏度的严寒和暴风雪，夏天奔忙于汹涌澎湃的大海之中，冬天挣扎于漂移不定的浮冰之上，仅凭一叶轻舟和简单的工具去和地球上最庞大的鲸鱼拼搏，用一根梭标甚至赤手空拳去和陆地上最凶猛的动物之一北极熊较量，一旦打不到猎物，全家人，整个村子，乃至整个部落就会饿死。

因此，应该说，在世界民族大家庭中，爱斯基摩人无疑是最强悍、最顽强、最勇敢和最为坚韧不拔的民族。

[1]爱斯基摩人 - 分布于北极地区各种因努伊特语使用者的分布图册北极地区的土著民族，自称因纽特人，分布在从西伯利亚、阿拉斯加到格陵兰的北极圈内外。

总人口约13万(2000年)，分别居住在格陵兰(5.3万)、美国的阿拉斯加(4.1万)、加拿大北部(3.4万)和俄罗斯白令海峡一侧(约2千)。

中西方肢体语言的差异【英汉对照】

一、动作一样，意义不同。

1. 跺脚，在中国人看来，表示气愤，恼怒，灰心，悔恨。

而它的英文含义则是不耐烦。

2. 目不转睛地看，其中文含义是：好奇；有时是惊讶。

英文含义则是不礼貌；使人发窘；不自在。

3. 拍别人的脑袋，中文含义是：对孩子来说是一种疼爱的表现，但是对成年或青年人做出这样的动作则会引起反感，是一种侮辱性的动作。

4. 鼓掌，观众和听众鼓掌，表演或讲话人也鼓掌，在中国人看来，表示表演者或演讲者的谢意，双方一齐鼓掌来相互表示友好感情。

而在英语国家中，表演者或演讲者鼓掌则表示自己为自己鼓掌，自己为自己的表演感到骄傲，自己为自己所付出的努力感到自豪。

5. 嘘嘘声，汉语含义是反对；责骂；轰赶等。

英文含义则是要求安静。

二、同样意思，动作有差异。

美国人的这种肢体语言在中国人看来是一种侮辱，或挑衅，是一种极不礼貌的行为。

2. 开玩笑时用的，表示丢人。

而美国人一只手放在自己的喉头，手心向下，表示吃到这了，食物已经到了嗓子了，再吃就要吐出来了。

三、只在一种文化中存在的动作。

（中国没有或西方没有的某种肢体语言。

）1. 在美国，咬指甲，表示担心，不知所措，心中有重大的思想负担。

2. 在美国，用大拇指顶着鼻头，其他四指弯着一起动，表示挑战，蔑视。

3. 在美国，摇动手指），表示：警告别人不要作某事，表示对方在做错事。

The action is the same, but has different meanings. 1. Stomping，in the eyes of the Chinese people，it stand for angry. Its English meaning is impatient.2. The Chinese meaning of intently watching is curious sometimes surprised. English meaning is impolite embarrassed and uncomfortable.3. Shoot someone's head, the Chinese meaning: a performance of love for children, but for adults or young peopleto make this kind of action will cause offense, is an offensive action.4.The applause, the audience applauded for performance or speech, in the eyes of the Chinese people, the performer or speaker say thanks to the two sides together to show the friendly to each other. In English-speaking countries, the performers or speakers applauded for their proud performances, .5. Peeing sound, Chinese meaning is against other’s idea. English meaning is requested quiet.1. Tell others over, the Chinese body language to reach out to the cal lee,palms down, several fingers while bending a few times, and the body language of the Americans to reach out to as people, palms up, make a fist with the forefinger pitching. This action in China appears to be an insult, or provocation, it is an extremely impolite action.2. Joke with, indicating ashame, China forefinger in face scraping few times, while Americans extended the index finger of both hands, palms down, with an index finger to rub the back of another index finger.3. Fed terminologies, China stroking and patting his stomach (own stomach full of food, can not eat. Americanswith one hand on his throat, palms down, means that eat the food to the throat, eat going to spit it out.三the presence of only in a culture operation. (China or the West is not some kind of body language.)1. In the United States, the nail-biting, expressed worry about what to do,the high pressure, the major burden of thinking. 2. In the United States, wore nose with the thumb and other four fingers bent with challenge the contempt.3. In the United States, shaking a finger warning others not to do something, they are doing something wrong..4. 在美国，把胳膊放在胸前，握紧拳头，拇指向下，向下摆几次，表示反对某人；表示强烈反对。

爱斯基摩人

主要靠鹿皮作原料缝制而成，其款式别具一格，衣领上带着风帽，上下身连成一体。做衣服所用的线是用驯鹿筋加工而成，针则是用兽牙、兽骨磨制的。
hat
coat
Polar bear
boots
food
所住环境被冰雪覆盖，极其寒冷，几乎没有植物性食品，树木极少，食物来源只靠驯鹿、海豹、海象、鲸等肉类，鲸脂，以及鱼类。 In this cold area trees can’t grow.
1.Where do Eskimos live? In the ____area. (cool; hot; warm; cold)
2What do they use to make their clothing?
3Whawhen they are out in a storm? Houses of ____.
Hunting：是爱斯基摩人的传统生活方式。或者说，在北极地区狩猎是爱斯基摩人的“特权”。他们世世代代以狩猎为主。在格陵兰北部，他们在冬夏之交猎取海豹，6～8 月以打鸟和捕鱼为主，9月猎捕驯鹿。而在阿拉斯加北端，全年以狩猎海豹为主，并在冬夏之交猎取驯鹿，4～5月捕鲸。
Coats—skin of animals
snow houses
transportation
狗拖雪橇是爱斯基摩人的主要陆上交通工具。
The Eskimos live near the North Pole. They wear warm clothing all the year round. They make most of it themselves. They make it from the skins of animals. From skins, they make coats and hats and even boots.

北极圈因纽特人

Dogs
柯亚克
米亚克
极地
Canadian Eskimo Dog爱斯基摩犬
Dogs played an integral role in the annual routine of the Inuit. During the summer they became pack animals, and in the winter they pulled the sled. Yearlong they assisted with hunting by sniffing out seals' holes and pestering polar bears. They also protected the Inuit villages by barking at bears and strangers.
极地
极地
Inuit Art艺术
Art played a big part in Inuit
society and continues to do so
today. Small sculptures of
animals and human figures,
usually depicting everyday
极地
T极h地e typical Inuit diet 因纽特人饮食
The Inuit have traditionally been fishers and hunters. They still hunt whales , walrus（海象）, caribous(北美驯鹿), and seals. The traditional Inuit diet is very high in fat. While it is not possible to cultivate plants for food in the Arctic, the Inuit have traditionally gathered those that are naturally available. Grasses, tubers(块茎), roots, berries, and seaweed were collected and preserved depending on the season and the location.

Unit 5 (百科全书)主题写作-2023-2024学年八年级英语上册同步精品课堂(牛津上海版)

Picture 7: A week later, Sammy (26)_______ (get) the (27)_______. He said, ‘I’m rich now. I’ll be (28)_______.’
Picture 8: That night, Sammy had a dream. He (29)_______ (see) a man called (30)_______. The man (31)_______ (say) to him, ‘The way to be happy is to (32)_______ (own) as few (33)_______ as (34)_______. You know what to do with the money, don’t you?’
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b) ___________________________________________________ (the, spring, go, Eskimos, fishing, in).
c) Eskimos ____________________________________________ (Canada, Greenland, live, northern, in).
d) Their ______________________________________________ (are, very, in the cold winter, important, boots).

完形9

完形9Do you know Eskimos (爱斯基摩人)? Let me tell you something about their 1 .The Eskimos live near the North Pole (北极). There are only two 2 there, winter and summer, There are no spring 3 autumn there. The winter nights are 4 . You can't 5 the sun for more than two months, even at noon. The summer days are long. For more than two months, the sun never 6 and there is no night.The Eskimos have 7 clothes. They make their clothes from the skin of animals. From these skins they make coats, caps and 8 .Near the North Pole trees can't grow, for it is too 9 there. The Eskimos 10 make their houses from skins, snow or stones (石头). When they 11 in storm and can't 12 home, they make house of snow. They 13 these snow houses when the storm is 14 .Life is 15 for the Eskimos, but they still like to live there.1. A. work B. life C. holiday D. families2. A. weather B. seasons C. months D. years3. A. not B. or C. and D. as4. A. short B. warm C. long D. cold5. A. see B. watch C. look D. look at6. A. rises B. goes up C. drops D. goes down7. A. beautiful B. metal C. warm D. cool8. A. goods B. drinks C. medicine D. shoes9. A. cold B. hot C. dry D. wet10. A. will B. should C. never D. have to11. A. go out B. go over C. keep on D. get on12. A. get back B. got off C. get on D. get in13. A. make B. leave C. stay D. break14. A. over B. coming C. going D. hard15. A. easy B. interesting C. hard D. lucky。

2020-2021学年牛津译林版英语七年级下册 Unit 3 提优复习卷

七下Unit3 Welcome to Sunshine Town 提优复习卷一、单项选择（每小题1分，满分10分）1. _______old man is my grandfather，he is really _______old man.A. The; anB. An; anC. The; theD. An; the2. －_______pork do we need ?A. How manyB. How longC. How muchD. How far3. You can see fine _______there.A. works of artB. work of artC. work of artsD. works of arts4. He gets up early _______every Monday morning.A. inB. onC. atD. ／.5. She is i1l. She stays _______for two days.A. in the bedB. in bedC. in a bedD. at bed6. It ______ Peter's bag. _______ yours is in your desk.A. may be; MaybeB. may be; May beC. maybe; MaybeD. maybe; May be7. I don't like _______ scarf. I like ______.A. me; yourB. mine; yourC. me; yoursD. my; yours8. －The meat smells very ______. Who cooked it? －My mother. She is good at cooking.A. wellB. goodC. badD. badly9. Why not ______ an English club to practise _____ English?A. join; speakingB. to join; speakingC. join; to speakD. to join; to speak10. —Sorry, I don’t know how to look after these flowers. —______.A. Not at allB. You’re welcomeC. Never mindD. That’s right二、完型（每小题1分，满分10分）It is Sunday today. Jim goes shopping by himself(独自). After he spends a long time 1 ，he is very 2 . There 3 a McDonald’s opposite the street. He never 4 at a fast-food restaurant and doesn’t know 5 food to buy. When he looks at the menu(菜单). it is hard for 6 to choose. There are not only all kinds of hamburgers，7 many kinds of chicken. He doesn’t know what to choose. He thinks of 8 the cashier for some 9 ，but he is too shy(害羞的)to do that. 10 he chooses a small chicken meal. After the meal，he thinks，“With so many choices，it’s not very fast!”1. A .shopping B .shop C .shops D .shopper2. A .full B .big C .small D .hungry3. A .am B .are C .is D .be4. A .plays B .eats C .runs D .swims5. A .how B .why C .what D .where6. A .his B .her C .him D .she7. A .but also B .but so C .and very D .but too8. A .asks B .to asked C .asking D .ask9. A .helping B .help C .to help D .helps10. A .At first B .First C .last D .At last三、阅读理解（每小题2分，满分20分）AFree classes in March & April 20161. How many free classes are mentioned in this passage?A. FiveB. FourC. ThreeD. Two2. The art classes are_______.A. 120 minutes long every timeB. on Saturday morningsC. always in parks or hillsD. about art history only3. You can email at _______ if you want to take computer classes.A. dharris@B. kgrady@C. bpope@D. scash@4. Mary likes playing tennis, so she can go to _______ class.A. Barbara Pope'sB. Sherry Cash'sC. Kathy Grady'sD. Denise Harris's5. In Denise Harris's class，you _______.A. should bring your own computerB. can only watch experimentsC. learn to care for the worldD. can't ask questionsBWelcome to Shanghai! It is a beautiful and modern city in China. It is also one of the biggest cities in the world. There are many tall buildings，great bridges and busy streets everywhere. It isn’t easy for you to find your way if you are new here. Don’t worry! You can read the map first and take the underground to the places you want to visit. It also has lots of taxis in the whole city. You can get to any place by taxi. Walking along the streets，you can realize the city changes very fast.Shanghai is famous for shopping, eating and traveling. Traveling around Shanghai is cheap and easy. Every year millions of visitors come and enjoy exciting night lives and beautiful views. If you want to cross the Huangpu River, you can choose taxis, buses, ferries(渡船)or underground. Going by ferry is the cheapest way. In Shanghai you can taste all kinds of Chinese food. If you want to enjoy different operas, Shanghai Opera House is the best place.6. According to the passage, visitors can’t see everywhere in Shanghai.A. buildingsB. streetsC. mountainsD. bridges7. The underlined word “realize” means “__________”in Chinese.A. 宣布B. 报告C. 意识到D. 猜测8. The cheapest way to cross the Huangpu River is taking a(n)_______.A. undergroundB. busC. taxiD. ferry9. Which of the following is NOT right?A. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.B. Shanghai is famous for Western operas.C. It is a little bit difficult for a new visitor to find his or her way in Shanghai.D. People can enjoy operas in Shanghai Opera House.10. The best title for this passage is“_________”.A. Traveling in ShanghaiB. Traffic and Food in ShanghaiC. The Buildings in ShanghaiD. Friendly People in Shanghai四、词汇检测（满分15分）A) 根据下列句子及所给汉语注释或者首字母, 写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。

口诀记住美国50个州

口诀记住美国50个州美国一共有50个州 :Alabama: Yes, We Have Electricity阿拉巴马州：是的，我们有电！Alaska: 11,623 Eskimos Can’t Be Wrong!阿拉斯加州：一万一千六百二十三名爱斯基摩人是不会错的！Arizona: But It’s A Dry Heat亚利桑那州：可是，这里的热是燥热呀！Arkansas: Literacy Ain’t Everything阿肯色州：有文化并不能代表一切！California: By 30, Our Women Have More Plastic Than Your Honda加利福尼亚州：到30岁的时候，我们的妇女使用的整形塑胶的数量将会超过本田公司塑料用量的总和。

Colorado: If You Don’t Ski, Don’t Bother科索拉多州：如果你连滑雪都不会，那么请别来打扰我好吗？Connecticut: Like Massachusetts, Only The Kennedy’s Don’t Own It Yet 康涅狄格州：和马萨诸塞州几乎没什么区别，只是肯尼迪家族还没有拥有它。

Delaware: We Really Do Like The Chemicals In Our Water特拉华州：我们真得很不喜欢我们的水源中携带的化学物质。

Florida: Ask Us About Our Grandkids佛罗里达州：问问关于我们的孙子孙女的事情吧。

Georgia: We Put The ;Fun; In Fundamentalist E_tremism乔治亚州：我们给极端的正统基督教信仰注入了一些“有趣的东西”。

Hawaii: Haka Tiki Mou Sha’ami Leeki Toru (Death To Mainland Scum, But Leave Your Money)夏威夷州：让美国大陆上的那些无用之辈去死吧，不过记得把你们的金钱留下。

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完形9

2020-2021学年牛津译林版英语七年级下册 Unit 3 提优复习卷

口诀记住美国50个州

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