山东科技大学有机化学2018年考研初试真题

合集下载

山东科技大学823数据结构与操作系统2004—2018考研专业课真题试卷

山东科技大学
2018年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：数据结构与操作系统科目代码：823
《数据结构》部分
一、简答题（30分，每题5分）
1、串、数组、广义表从元素间关系上可以看成线性结构，它们与
一般意义上的线性表相比有何特殊性？
2、借助栈可以实现更复杂的操作，请简述如何利用栈实现对表达
式中括号是否匹配的检验。

3、基于关键字比较的查找算法所能达到最优时间复杂度是？能否
设计一种与问题规模无关的查找算法？请给出基本思路。

4、图的广度优先遍历与树的何种遍历策略相似？请给出简单解释。

5、《数据结构》中经常采用“树形化组织”的方式来整理数据，
比如折半查找表、二叉排序树、大顶堆/小顶堆等，请简述这样
做的优点。

6、何为稳定的排序方法？何为不稳定的排序方法？哪些排序算法
是不稳定的？
二、综合应用题（40分，每题10分）
1、假设用于通信的电文共有8个字母A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H组成，字
母在电文中出现的频率分别是{0.2，0.04，0.06，0.02，0.12，
0.24，0.25，0.07}。

①试为这8个字符设计哈夫曼编码；
②试设计另一种由二进制表示的等长编码方案；。

山东科技大学普通化学2013--2020年考研初试真题

子是
(A) 2，0，0，-½
(B) 2，1，0，-½
(C) 3，2，0，-½
(D) 3，1，0, +½
2、HgCl2 分子的空间构型为
(A) 平面三角形
(B) 正四面体
(C) 直线形
(D) 三角锥形
3、下列各组量子数中，合理的为 (A) n=3, l=3, m=+2 (C) n=4, l=2, m=-2
5
1
(A) BF3 (B)BeCl2 (C)B2H6 (D)CO2
9、已知 2H2(g)+S2(g)
2H2S(g)
Kp1
2Br2(g)+2H2S(g) 2H2(g)+ 2Br2(g)
4HBr+S2(g) 4HBr(g)
Kp2 Kp3
则 Kp3 等于
(A) (Kp1/Kp2)1/2
(B) (Kp2/Kp1)1/2
(A)盐效应 (B)同离子效应 (C)盐效应和同离子效应同时起作用 (D)不能确定
12、按离子的电子构型不同，Fe2+属于
(A)8 电子构型 (B) 2 电子构型
(C) 9-17 电子构型
(D) 18 电子构型
13、下列半反应的配平系数从左至右依次为
NO3－ + H + + e = NO + H2O
(A)1，3，4，2，1 (B) 2，4，3，2，1 (C) 1，6，5，1，3 (D) 1，4，3，1，2
14、溶液中含有Ca2+、Pb2+和Ni2+三种离子，其浓度均为0.010mol·L-1，向该溶液中逐滴加入NaCO3
溶液时，最先和最后沉淀的分别是
(A)CaCO3 和 PbCO3 (B) NiCO3 和 CaCO3 (C) NiCO3 和 PbCO3 (D) PbCO3 和 NiCO3

山东科技大学考研真题

Part I Reading Comprehension (2*25=50 points)Directions: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice.Passage 1Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch the less they remember. They regard television purely as entertainment, resent programs that demand on them and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. Far from being over-excited by programs, they are mildly bored with the whole thing. These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. The author——Cardiac Cullingford confirms that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. The study suggests that there is little point in the later hours. More than a third of the children regularly watch their favorite programs after 9 p.m. All 11-year-olds have watched programs after midnight.Apart from the obvious waste of time involved, it seems that all this viewing has little effect. Children don’t pay close attention, says Cullingford, and they can recall few details. They can remember exactly which programs they have seen but they can rarely explain the elements of a particular plot. “Reca ll was in reverse proportion to the amount they had watched”. It is precisely because television, unlike a teacher, demands so little attention and response that children like it, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked. So are people who frequently talk on screen. What children like most, and remember best, are the advertisements. They see them as short programs in their own right and particularly enjoy humorous presentation. But again, they react strongly against high-pressure advertisements that attempt openly to influence them.On the other hand, they are not emotionally involved in the programs. If they admire the stars, it is because the actors lead glamorous lives and earn a lot of money, not because of their fictional skills with fast cars and shooting villains. They are perfectly clear about the functions of advertisements; by the age of 12, only one in 10 children believes what even favorite ads say about the product. And says Cullingford, educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information.1. The study of children and television shows that_______.A. it is useless for television companies to delay adult viewing to the later hours.B. It is a waste of time for children to watch adult programs on TV.C. Children should not watch television programs late into the night.D. Children are supposed to learn a lot from television programs.2. “Recall was in reverse proportion to the amount they had watched” (in Para.2) has almost the same meaning as________.A. “the more they watch the less they remember”. (in Para. 1)B. “Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked”. (in Para. 2)C.“They see them as short programs in their own right”. (in Para. 2)D. “educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information”. (in Para. 3)3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the new study of children and television?A. Some children stay up late to watch the programs they likeB. Children enjoy watching challenging programs.C. Children don’t like serious messages and high-pressured ads.D. Though children like watching ads, most of them don't believe what ads say about the product.4. Cullingford concludes that_______.A. children are excited when they watch TV.B. Watching TV has little real effect on children.C. Parents should spend less time watching TV.D. Parents should be worried about the effect of TV on children.5. Whom would the result of the new study upset?A. The advertisers.B. The children viewers.C. The movie stars.D. The educators.Passage 2Mrs. Lester kept on asking her husband to take her to the ballet. Mr. Lester hates the ballet, but when his employers invited him and his wife, he could not get out of it. As they drove to the theatre that evening, the fog got worse and worse. The traffic slowed down to a walking pace and almost stopped. When they eventually got to the theatre, the ballet was over. Mrs. Lester could not work out how it had taken them so long to get there, even taking the fog into account. The theatre was within walking distance of their house. It took her a long time to get over the disappointment.A month later, Mrs. Lester found out what had happened. Mr. Lester told a friend of his that he had taken wrong turning on purpose. This friend told his wife, and the wife immediately went around to tell Mrs. Lester. The two women began to plan revenge. One day, when Mr. Lester was not in, they broke into his study, which he always locked. His hobby was collecting old coins. Mrs. Lester had already worked out how much his collection was worth: $850! They were taking some coins out of the case when they heard a car pull upoutside the house. Mrs. Lester quickly switched the light off, and they waited, holding their breath. The front door opened and Mr. Lester came in. They heard him take his coat off. He walked towards the study door and opened it. There was no chance for the women to get away without being seen. Mr. Lester switched the light on and was astounded to see his wife standing there with a handful of valuable coins. It took both husband and wife a long time to get over this.6. Which of the following is correct?A. Mr. Lester likes to watch ballet.B. Mrs. Lester likes to watch ballet.C. Both of them like to watch balletD. Neither of them likes to watch ballet.7. It was quite ____when they drove to the theatre.A. rainyB. stormyC. cloudyD. foggy8. The theater is _____from Mr. and Mrs. L ester’s.A. an hour-drivingB. in the other side of the cityC. very nearD. half an hour of bicycle riding9. The wife of Mr. Lester’s friend is a_____.A. social workerB. house cleanerC. baby sitterD. gossip10. How many persons are mentioned in this story?A. ThreeB. FourC. FiveD. Six.Passage 3Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s education may be unusual terri tory for economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives, provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children. Girls are thus se en as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.11. The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is _______.A. rewardingB. troublesomeC. expensiveD. labor-saving12. By saying “... the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling...” (Para. 2), the author means that __.A. girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reachB. girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at homeC. girls will be capable of realizing their own dreamsD. girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys13. The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when _______.A. women care more about educationB. parents can afford their daughters’ educationC. girls can gain equal access to educationD. a family has fewer but healthier children14. What does the author say about women’s education?A. It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.B. It will yield greater returns than other known investments.C. It is now given top priority in many developing countries.D. It deserves greater attention than other social issues.15. The passage mainly discusses _______.A. unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB. the major contributions of educated women to societyC. the economic and social benefits of educating womenD. the potential earning power of well-educated womenPassage 4David Thomson is an electronics technician, trained by the U.S. Navy, who writes instruction books for complicated equipment. He believes that every person is surrounded by a force field that can broadcast emotions to other human beings. The ability to receive such fo rce fields, Thomson believes, explains how one can sense another’s fear, nervousness, aggression, panic, or friendliness.This theory of emotional communication occurred to Thomson when he told a psychiatrist, Dr. Jack Ward, that he was certain his own hypertension made those near him uncomfortable. To demonstrate the theory, Thomson constructed a transmitter capable ofgenerating an electromagnetic field similar to that of a man beset by hyper anxiety. For a year, with this in his pocket, Thomson made people miserable. He would find a hungry man delightedly preparing to eat a steak in a restaurant, turn on the transmitter, and watch as the man became tense and irritable and finally left with his steak uneaten. In another test, Thomson cleared a crowded room in fifteen minutes. Such an exodus could not be due, Thomson observed, to personality problems alone.Dr. Ward, who had become Thomson’s partner, insisted that there was already misery enough in the world. Thomson fashioned a “happiness transmitter,” which can duplicate the force field of a contented man. University psychologists in the United States report some encouraging results in current tests of the Thomson-and-Ward transmitter.The “happiness machine” has many possibilities. Thomson has speculated on its use near disturbed or anxious patients in hospitals, and in unruly crowds. Tranquility, like panic and violence, may be contagious.16. The theory is based on belief in the existence of______.A. complicated equipmentB. individual force fieldsC. nervousnessD. aggression17. The theory occurred to Thomson because he was convinced that people near him .A. could hypnotize himB. could make him feel uncomfortableC. were reading his thoughts D were affected by his hypertension18. For his first demonstrations, Thomson chose people who____.A. were in a happy moodB. seemed hyper anxiousC. were aggressiveD. Both B and C19. The Thomson-and-Ward transmitter was constructed because____.A. university psychologists suggested itB. the “misery machine” had not workedC. Dr. Ward felt there was misery enoughD. Police forces asked for it20. Thomson has speculated on_____.A. some helpful uses of a “happiness machine”B. possi ble wrongful uses of a “happiness machine”C. the disadvantages of a tranquil populationD. the final report on the psychologists’ testsPassage 5Does a bee know what is going on in its mind when it navigates its way to distant food sources and back to the hive, using polarized sunlight and the tiny magnet it carries as a navigational aid? Or is the bee just a machine, unable to do its mathematics and dance its language in any other way? To use Dondald Griffin’s term, does a bee have “awareness”, or to use a phrase I like better, can a bee think and imagine?There is an experiment for this, or at least an observation, made long ago by Karl von Firsch and more recently confirmed by James Gould in Princeton. Biologists who wish to study such things as bee navigation, language, and behavior in general have to train their bees to fly from the hive to one or another special place. To do this, they begin by placing a source of sugar very close to the hive so that the bees (considered by their trainers to be very dumb beasts) can learn what the game is about. Then, at regular interval, the dish or whatever is moved progressively farther and farther from the hive, in increments of about 25 percent at each move. Eventually, the target is being moved 100 feet or more at a jump, very far from the hive. Sooner or later, while this process is going on, the biologist shifting the dish of sugar will find the bees are out there waiting for them, precisely where the next position had been planned. This is an uncomfortable observation to make.21. The best title for the passage is_____A. Teaching the Bees to NavigateB. Testing the Awareness of BeesC. Navigational Techniques of BeesD. Behaviorists Versus Biologists: A Zoological Debate22. The word “awareness” in Paragrap h One appears in quotation marks in order to ____A. show the author’s preference for the termB. indicate that it is being used humorouslyC. acknowledge Donald Griffin’s previous use of the termD. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage23. In the second paragraph Karl von Frisch is mentionedA. to introduce his observation on bee behaviorB. to contrast his theories with those of James GouldC. acknowledge Donald Griffin’s previous use of the termD. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage24. According to the author, sugar was used in the study______A. to reward the bees for performing the experiment correctlyB. to train the bees to travel to a particular placeC. to ensure that the bees knew where the hive wasD. to ensure that the bees would obey the orders25. The result of the experiment explained in the passage seems to indicate that______A. research using bees is too dangerous to be conducted successfullyB. bees are unable to navigate beyond 100 feet their hiveC. scientists can teach bees to navigateD. bees are able to perform limited reasoning tasksPart II Vocabulary and Structure (0.5*40=20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. If you lie once, people will think of you as a liar and interpret your remarks ______.A. certainlyB. accordinglyC. approximatelyD. appropriately2. The lightning flashed and thunder ______.A. bumpedB. struckC. collidedD. crashed3. Success in money-making is not always a good ______ of real success in life.A. essenceB. qualificationC. decreeD. criterion4. Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of ______ love.A. extravagantB. prominentC. eternalD. sincere5. This is a complete ______ for enforcing the new welfare regulations.A. legislationB. blueprintC. leaseD. penalty6. The policeman tried to ______ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A. induceB. perplexC. indulgeD. lure7. He kept making ______ remarks instead of straight forward yes-or-no replies.A. opaqueB. ambiguousC. doubtfulD. oriental8. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.A. guiltB. claimC. blameD. accusation9. There is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it ______.A. checkingB. checkC. to checkD. checked10. All flights ______ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.A. having cancelledB. were cancelledC. have been cancelledD. having been cancelled11. At last they succeeded ______ the job.A. to persuade him toB. in persuading him to takeC. to persuade him takingD. in persuading him taking12. The electric shaver ______ before it can be used.A. needs repairingB. requires to repairB. should be in repair D. has to be repairable13. You can fly to London this evening ______ you don’t mind changing planes in Paris.A. providedB. exceptC. unlessD. so far as14. The factory ______ next year will be one of the largest in this city.A. to buildB. to be builtC. being builtD. having been built15. Don’t say anything at the meeting unless ______.A. askingB. askedC. being askedD. to be asked16. There are several ______ leaves on the ground.A. fallingB. fallenC. to fallD. fell17. The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid ______ he asked.A. three times much asB. three times as many asC. as three times much asD. three times as much as18. We’d better wait ______, Peter and Tom will come very soon.A. a little longerB. more longerC. longD. as longer19. The doctors have tried ______ to save the life of the wounded soldier.A. everything possible humanlyB. humanly everything possibleC. everything humanly possibleD. humanly possible everything20. I was worried very muc h because I’ll miss my flight if the bus arrives ______.A. latelyB. lateC. latterD. more later21. It is ______ that I would like to go to the beach.A. so nice weatherB. such nice weatherC. so nice a weatherD. such a nice weather22. The reason why so many people sit before the television tonight is that there will be a______ show.A. livingB. liveC. aliveD. lived23. I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.A. don’t/hadB. didn’t/haveC. didn’t/hadD. don’t/have24. The students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise.A. needB. oughtC. mustD. dare25. The differences between ______ are gradually being eliminated.A. the town and the countryB. town and countryC. a town and a countryD. a town and the country26. We have produced ______ this year as we did in 1993.A. as much cotton twiceB. as twice much cottonC. much as twice cottonD. twice as much cotton27. ______ of the buildings were ruined.A. Three fourthB. Three fourC. Three-fourthsD. Three-four28. She went to the countryside ______.A. in the morning at nine / on June first, 1968B. on June first, 1968 / in the morning at nineC. at nine in the morning / on June first, 1968D. on June first, 1968 / at nine in the morning29. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ______ covered with water.A. areB. isC. wereD. be30. The Olympic Games are held ______.A. every four yearsB. every four yearC. every fourth yearsD. every four-years31. ______, wherever he lives, a man belongs to some society.A. For shortB. In shortC. Of shortD. On short32. Tom has been sad recently, for his plan to go to college _____ at the last moment.A. fell outB. fell behindC. fell inD. fell through33. David likes country life and has decided to ______ farming.A. go in forB. go intoC. go throughD. go after34. Classroom testing, if well done, most certainly ___ a stimulus to study and real learning.A. acts forB. acts onC. acts asD. acts to35. The French pianist who had been praised very highly ____ to be a great disappointment.A. turned upB. turned inC. turned outD. turned down36. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ______.A. out of workB. out of reachC. out of practiceD. out of stock37. A man who could ______ such treatment was a man of remarkable physical courage andmoral strength.A. bear uponB. insist onC. stand up toD. persist in38. Is his action consistent ______ his principles?A. withB. inC. ofD. by39. A foreign firm has bought more than half of the shares in his company and ______.A. got over itB. overtaken itC. taken it overD. overcome it40. Some animals will modify their behavior to ______ their environment.A. adapt toB. adopt toC. suit toD. conform toPart III Writing (30 points)Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition on the title of Sending Kids to Study Abroad.You should write at least 400 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1．越来越多的家长把孩子送去国外读书2．这样做的好处和缺点3．我的观点。

各个重点大学考研有机化学真题试题及答案

考研有机化学试题及答案2010.3.13更新目录广告 (2)中国科学院 (3)2009 (3)2009答案 (7)中国科学技术大学&中科院合肥所 (13)2009 (13)2009标准答案 (18)东南大学 (25)2005 (25)2005详细答案 (27)杭州师范大学 (31)2009 (31)2008 (34)江苏大学2004 (38)南开大学2009参考答案 (44)青岛大学2009 (49)青岛科技大学 (55)2007 (55)2005 (59)山东科技大学 (63)2006 (63)2004 (68) (72)2006........................................................................................................天津工业大学2006 (76)浙江理工大学20092009........................................................................................................广告1推荐的教科书推荐高教、邢其毅的《基础有机化学》(第三版)，此书编的较好，内容略多，共上下两册，建议至少购买上册。

配套的习题解答不是很有必要买，然而你报考的院校推荐的教科书则非买不可，而且配套的习题解答也必须购买，因为那上面的习题很容易被出到。

其他的辅导书也可以根据需要购买。

2推荐的复习方法如果在考研复习之前没有系统地和高强度地复习过有机化学，那么就要分章节复习，等各个章节都复习过了之后，再开始做真题。

做真题时，做完后要仔细地对答案。

对于做错的题目，要知道自己错在哪，翻看教材的相关章节，保证以后不会因为这个知识点再丢分。

核对答案千万不能仅仅知道自己得了多少分，尤其是……选择题！3报考外校报考外校的考生，到考试时考场是报考单位安排的，但是住宿问题得自己解决。

山东科技大学708理论基础2017-2018年考研专业课真题试卷

一、名词解释（6小题，每题5分，共30分）
1、工艺美术运动
2、装饰艺术运动
3、解构主义
4、波普设计运动
5、米斯的少即是多
6、贝聿铭
二、简答题（3小题，每题10分，共30分）
1、何为系统设计？这种设计方法有什么益处？
2、试分析国际主义风格和现代主义设计风格的联系与区别？
3、包豪斯的历史作用及影响。

三、作品分析（在下面四个小题中自选2小题答题，每题20分，共40分）
1、图一是斯堪的纳维亚国家的设计作品，请做简要设计分析。

2、图二是约瑟夫·帕克斯顿的设计作品，请做简要设计分析。

3、图三是日本设计师福田繁雄的设计作品，请做简要设计分析。

4、图四是里特维斯的设计作品，请做简要设计分析。

图一山东科技大学
2018年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：理论基础科目代码：708。

有机化学第十二章羧酸

王鹏
山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院
12.3 羧酸的物理和波谱性质
二、1H-NMR：
-COOH： δ范围 10～14 邻近羧基的碳上的氢移向低场区， δ约2～2.6 O CH2 C O H
δ： 2~3
10~13
如p282 图13-2异丁酸的核磁图羧酸核磁的另一特点是活性氢交换后低场区信号减弱或消失
王鹏
12.4 羧酸的化学性质
酯化反应的亲核取代机理：
O R C OH + H
+
快
+OH
慢
OH R
快
R
快
C
OH
.. R'O H ..
C
+.. O R'
OH H O R C OR'
OH
快
+ OH OR'
H2O 快慢
R
C
R
C
OR'
H
+
+ OH2
快
叔醇更倾向于酸碱中和机理，即酸失去H+，叔醇失去OH－，剩余部分结合成酯
溶解性：
低级脂肪酸是极性分子，易溶于水（因为易与水成分子间氢键）。随着碳原子数增加，水溶性逐渐降低
熔沸点：
羧酸的熔沸点比分子量相近的其他化合物高许多
王鹏
山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院
12.3 羧酸的物理和波谱性质
一、IR：
O-H：3560～3500（单体）3000～2500（二聚） C=O：1720，C-O：1250 羧酸的红外特征是强而宽的羧基峰和羰基峰
王鹏
山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院
12.2 羧酸的分类和命名

有机化学第十一章醛酮

王鹏
山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院
• d). 制备β-羟基酸酯的Reformatsky反应：
C O + X C H2COO C2H5
Zn
OZn X C C H2COO C2H5
+
OH C C H2COO C2H5
H
• 反应先是a-卤代酸酯和锌反应生成中间体有机锌试剂，随后的反应与格氏试剂反应相似
δ R δ+ M gX
+
δ+ C
δ O
R
C
O M gX
H 2O
R
C
OH
• 反应的实质是负电性部分与羰基碳连接，正电性部分与氧原子结合并被氢取代
王鹏
山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院
11.6.1 醛和酮的亲核加成
• b). 与有机锂试剂反应：制备空间位阻大的叔醇
O ( C H 3) 3 C C C ( C H 3) 3 + ( C H 3) 3 C L i
硬脂酸钴 ~130℃
C
CH3
• 该类反应的关键在于控制氧化剂的氧化强度，使其停留在醛酮阶段
王鹏
山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院
11.3 醛酮的制备
二、伯醇和仲醇的氧化
醇的氧化是制备醛酮的常用方法
(C H 3 ) 3 C C H 2 O H
K 2C r2O 7 H 2S O 4
△
(C H 3 ) 3 C C H O（80%）
δ
C
H Nu
O
H
反应是负电性的Nu－首先进攻羰基碳中心，得到加成后的氧负离子之后与正电性的氢结合
王鹏
山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院
11.6.1 醛和酮的亲核加成

山东科技大学2019年《845生物化学(自命题)》考研专业课真题试卷

一、填空题（共22分，每空2分）（注意：按对应数字把答案务必写在答题纸上）1、葡萄糖分子与（1）反应可生成糖脎。

2、氨基酸在等电点pI时，主要以兼性离子形式存在，在pH>pI溶液中，大部分以（2）离子存在。

3、α-螺旋和β-折叠属于蛋白质二级结构，稳定其结构的作用力是（3）。

4、DNA复性过程符合二级反应动力学，其Cot1/2值与DNA的复杂程度成（4）比。

5、Oligo(dT)-纤维素可以用来分离纯化真核生物的（5）。

6、蛋白质的翻译需要以（6）作模板。

7、戊糖磷酸途径是糖代谢的另一条主要途径，在细胞的（7）内进行。

8、嘧啶核苷酸的嘧啶环上的原子分别是由氨甲酰磷酸和（8）提供。

9、调解钙、磷代谢，维持正常血钙、血磷浓度的脂溶性维生素为（9）。

10、Asp为生糖氨基酸，脱去氨基生成（10）。

11、糖原的合成中，糖基的直接供体为（11）。

二、选择题（共40分，每题2分）（请选择以下各题中的正确答案，并将答案务必写在答题纸上。

注意：只选一个答案，多选不得分）1、下列有关葡萄糖的叙述哪一个是错误的？(A)葡萄糖甜度比蔗糖低(B)葡萄糖不具有还原性(C)血液中含有葡萄糖(D)新配的葡萄糖溶液会发生旋光度改变2、生理状态下，血红蛋白与氧可逆结合的铁离子处于。

(A)与氧结合时是三价，去氧后成二价(B)还原性的二价状态(C)与氧结合时是二价，去氧后成三价(D)氧化性的三价状态3、酶的磷酸化和去磷酸化位点通常在酶的哪一种氨基酸残基上？(A)Asp(B)Gly(C)Ser(D)Lys4、下列哪一种氨基酸侧链基团的pKa值最接近于生理pH值？(A)Cys(B)Glu(C)His(D)Gln44。

完整2018年山东高考理综真题化学部分带答案word版

个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，勿作商业用途2018年普通高等学校招生统一考试<山东卷）理科综合<化学部分）第I卷<必做，共87分）一、选择题<共13小题，每小题4分，共52分，每题只有一个选项符合题意）7、化学与生活密切相关，下列说法正确的是A．聚乙烯塑料的老化是由于发生了加成反应B．煤经过气化和液化等物理变化可以转化为清洁燃料C．合成纤维、人造纤维及碳纤维都属于有机高分子材料D．利用粮食酿酒经过了淀粉→葡萄糖→乙醇的化学变化过程8、W、X、Y、Z四种短周期元素在元素周期表中的相对位置如图所示，W的气态氢化物可与其最高价含氧酸反应生成离子化合物，由此可知b5E2RGbCAPXWYX、Y、Z中最简单氢化物稳定性最弱的是A．YZYZ元素氧化物对应水化物的酸性一定强于．B C．XY元素形成的单核阴离子还原性强于Z元素单质在化学反应中只表现氧化性．D、足量下列物质与等质量的铝反应，放出氢气且消耗溶质物质的量9最少的是D．盐酸 C B．氢氧化钠溶液A．稀硫酸．稀硝酸、莽草酸可用于合成药物达菲，其结构简式如图，下列关于莽草10酸的说法正确的是1 / 8勿作商业用途个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，C7H6O5A．分子式为．分子中含有两种官能团B．可发生加成和取代反应C．在水溶液中羟基和羧基均能电离出氢离子D规格和数量不限），能完成相应实验的一项是11、利用实验器材省相应实实验器<夹持装置）硫酸铜溶液的浓缩结杯、玻A璃烧晶棒、蒸发皿用盐酸除去硫酸钡中烧杯、玻B璃的少量碳酸钡滴棒、胶头管、滤纸用固体、烧杯玻璃氯化钠配制C滴的溶液0.5mol/L、棒胶头管、容量瓶D用溴水和CCl4、烧杯玻璃除去溶液中的少量NaBr头、棒胶滴管、分液漏斗NaI12、CO<g）+H2O<g） H2<g）+CO2<g）△H﹤0，在其他条件不变的情况下A．加入催化剂，改变了反应的途径，反应的△H也随之改变B．改变压强，平衡不发生移动，反应放出的热量不变C．升高温度，反应速率加快，反应放出的热量不变D．若在原电池中进行，反应放出的热量不变13、某温度下，向一定体积0.1mol/L醋酸溶液中逐滴加入等浓度的NaOH溶液，溶液中pOH(pOH=-lg[OH-]>与pH的变化关系如图所示，则2 / 8勿作商业用途个人收集整理资料，仅供交流学习，p1EanqFDPwA．M点所示溶液导电能力强于Q点B．N点所示溶液中c(CH3COO->﹥c(Na+>C．M点和N点所示溶液中水的电离程度相同D．Q点消耗NaOH溶液的体积等于醋酸溶液的体积第Ⅱ卷【必做部分129分】28、<12分）金属冶炼和处理常涉及氧化还原反应。

山东科技大学2018年安全系统工程考研真题

2018年研究生入学考试
安全系统工程试题
一、问答题(每小题8分，共40分)
1．说明系统安全的概念。

2．说明作业条件危险性评价法的思路和步骤。

3．说明危险与可操作性研究的处理方式。

4．故障类型和影响分析中，有哪几种划分故障等级的方法？
5．各种系统安全分析方法中，哪些是定量分析方法？
二、计算题(第1小题15分，第2小题20分，共35分)
1．某一由泵A和阀B串联组成的系统，其事件树如图1所示。

设泵A正常的概率P{A}=0.9999，阀B正常的概率P{B}=0.999，求系统失效的概率。

图1
2．某事故树有3个最小割集：K1={x1,x3}，K2={x2,x3}，K3={x3,x4}。

各基本事件的发生概率分别为：q1=0.01，q2=0.02，q3=0.03，q4=0.04。

（1）用最小割集逼近法判断顶上事件发生概率的区间。

（2）求出顶上事件的发生概率。

三、应用题(第1小题15分，第2小题25分，共40分)
1．某公安消防队欲对辖区内的歌舞厅进行防火安全检查，请为其设计安全检查表。

2．求图2所示事故树的割集和径集数目，并求出最小割集或最小径集（求出二者之一即可），然后据其作出等效事故树。

图2
四、论述题(第1小题15分，第2小题20分，共35分)
1．说明化工企业六阶段安全评价法的方法步骤，论述该方法的科学性和合理性。

2．采用安全检查表进行定性安全评价时，可以采用哪些具体方法？为了应用这些方法，分别需要做哪些基础工作（即方法设计过程中应该做哪些工作）？
说明这些工作的具体作法，写出有关表格的格式。

山东科技大学曲式与作品分析考研真题2018、2019年

一、名词解释（共6题，每题5分，共30分）
1、复乐段
2、假再现
3、收拢性结构
4、音乐语言
5、装饰性变奏
6、对比中部
二、简答题（共3题，每题10，共30分）
1、简述发展主题的常用手法。

2、画出奏鸣曲式的结构图示。

3、简述有再现的单三部曲式与有再现的单二部曲式的区别。

三、作品分析（共3题，第1题10分，第2题30分，第3题50分，共90分）
曲目：贝多芬《钢琴奏鸣曲（田园）》OP.28第二乐章（附：乐谱）
1、写出作品的曲式名称。

2、画出作品的结构图示。

3、用文字详细描述作品的主题材料、发展过程、调式调性、和声及写作技法方面的特征。

山东科技大学普通化学考研真题2017—2019f年

一、选择题（共 36 分，每小题 1.5 分）
（请选择以下各题中的正确答案，并将答案务必写在答题纸上。注意：只选一个答案，多选不得分）
1、用来描述气体状态的四个物理量分别是（用符号表示）（）
(A) n, V, p, T
(B) n, R，V, p
(C) n, V, R, T
(D) n, R, p, T
(B)当 cHI = (1/2)×CN2O5时， v2 = v1 (D)上述均对
24、有一反应A+B → C+D，在标准状态下，反应活化能是10.7 kJ.mol-1，标准反应热为-193.8 kJ.mol-1，
则逆反应活化能为（）
5、下列分子或离子中键长最短的是（）
(A) O4+
(B) O2
6、下列原子轨道重叠时，能形成π键的是（）
(C)N2 (C) O2-
(D) MgCO3 (D) O22-
(A)只有py与py
(B)只有pz与pz
7、H2O中O的杂化方式（）
(A) sp2
(B) sp 3
(C)只有dxy与py (C) d2 sp 3
(C)此反应的定容热Qv=133.9 kJ.mol-1 (D)升高温度将提高碳的转化率 11、没有其它已知条件，下列何种物理量增加一倍时，已知平衡的反应 3A(g)+2B(g) == 2C(g)+D(g) 的
平衡移动方向无法确定（）
(A)温度
(B)总压力
(C)物质A的分压
(D)物质D的分压
4
1
12、某温度时，反应
2、下列各分子中，是极性分子的为（）
(A)BeCl2
(Bቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ BF3

有机化学第四章烯烃与炔烃

王鹏
4.2 烯烃与炔烃的同分异构
一、构造异构：
四个碳以上存在异构现象，不仅存在碳架异构，还存在官能团位次异构，如：
二、构型异构——顺反异构现象：
由于碳碳双键存在不可旋转的特性，因此烯烃存在特殊的顺反异构现象
山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院
王鹏
4.2 烯烃与炔烃的同分异构
2-丁烯分子的不同构型：它们显然不是同一个化合物，这种异构称为构型异构
双键的组成：
• 一个“头对头” 的σ键与一个“肩并肩”的π键组合在一起，共同组成了烯烃中的双键 • π键的形成是在σ键的基础上形成的，不可能单独存在
王鹏
山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院
4.1 烯烃与炔烃的结构
二、三键的组成
三键中的碳原子是sp杂化，剩余的两个p轨道与sp杂化的轴垂直，因此必然形成两个“肩并肩”的π键
RC≡CR’> RC≡CH > HC≡CH
王鹏
山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院
4.5 烯烃与炔烃的化学性质
炔烃反应的产物：
• 对于炔烃而言，产物可以是部分氢化的烯烃，也可以是全部氢化的烷烃，产物由催化剂决定，催化剂活性越高，产物越易为烷烃
完全氢化：产生饱和烃，不存在顺反
• Pd-C催化氢化可得到烷烃
电子云呈柱状，对键轴呈圆柱形对称。电子云密集于两原子之间，键的极化性小沿键轴的两碳原子可“自由”旋转
成键轨道“肩并肩”平行重叠，重叠程度较小，键能较小，键不稳定
电子云呈块状，存在一个对称平面，电子云分布在平面的上下方，键的极化性大沿键轴的两碳原子不能相对旋转
山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院
构型与字母相反王鹏ccch3hhc2h5顺2戊烯z2戊烯顺2溴2丁烯e2溴2丁烯ccch3brhch3山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院练习练习?分别使用顺反和ze标记命名下列化合物3顺3甲基2戊烯王鹏253e3甲基2戊烯顺2丁烯z2丁烯顺12二氯1溴1丁烯e12二氯1溴1丁烯顺反失效e1氟1氯2溴2碘乙烯山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院王鹏4444烯烃和炔烃的物理性质烯烃和炔烃的物理性质?一熔沸点变化规律基本与烷烃相同?二烯烃与炔烃中不同杂化的碳原子具有不同的电负性且s成分越多电负性越强这使得炔烃存在极性?三对于分子的极性烯烃需要分顺反确定是否具有极性顺式构型为极性分子对称的反式烯烃常常是非极性分子山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院王鹏4545烯烃与炔烃的化学性质烯烃与炔烃的化学性质?化学性质概述

有机化学第五章二烯烃

四、双烯合成（Diels-Alder反应）：
共轭二烯烃或其衍生物与含碳碳双键、三键化合物进行1，4-加成生成环状化合物的反应称为双烯合成，也称Diels-Alder反应。通常把共轭二烯烃称作双烯体,与其进行反应的不饱和化合物称为亲双烯体，如：
+
1,3-丁二烯
CH2 CH2
200 C
。
环己烯
E1,4
E1,
2
活化能: E1,4 > E1,2 稳定性：产物1,2 < 产物1,4
山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院
BrCH2 CH CH CH3
反应进程
1,2–加成与1,4–加成势能图
王鹏
5.5 共轭二烯烃的化学性质
关于共轭二烯烃的加成反应说明：
共振论在解释1，2-加成与1，4-加成的产物时仅仅是对反应现象的抽象化理解，反应中两种中间体是同时出现的； 1，4-加成是共轭导致电子流动性的直接证据，需要从π键电子的离域这一角度理解；反应生成的通常是混合物，控制反应条件（极性溶剂、高温和强共轭利于1,4-加成）可以提高合成物的产率，但一般无法获得单一产物
CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH CH2
共振论的缺陷:
理论上稳定的环丁二烯等实际上是不稳定的共振论是在价键理论的基础上建立的，其观点仍然是定域的，无法解释所有问题
王鹏
山东科技大学化学与环境工程学院
5.5 共轭二烯烃的化学性质
一、 1, 2 –加成与1, 4 –加成反应
1, 3 – 丁二烯与溴的反应，不是单纯的生成双键加成产物，而是存在两种可能性：
CH3 CH3CH CH CHCH3 > CH3 C > H2C CH CH2 > CH3 CH3

山东科技大学化工原理考研真题2018、2019年

A. 增加热阻，减少热量损失 B. 节约钢材、增强美观
C. 增加传热面积，提高传热效果
14、传热速率公式 Q＝KAΔt 中，Δt 的物理意义是（）。
A. 器壁内外壁面的温度差 B. 器壁与流体的温度差
C. 流体进出口的温度差 D. 器壁两侧流体对数平均温度差
15、稳定的多层平壁的导热中，某层的热阻愈小，则该层的温度差（）。
2、（14 分）在一个常压下操作的连续精馏塔中精馏某理想混合液，塔顶产品中含易挥发组分的摩尔分数为 0.96，塔底产品中含易挥发组分的摩尔分数为 0.03，并且已知此塔的 q 线方程为 y=6x－1.5，采用回流比为最小回流比的 1.6 倍，物系的相对挥发度为 2，试求：（1）精馏段操作线方程；（2）当每小时得塔底产品量为 100 kmol 时的进料量和塔顶产品量。
一、选择题（每题 2.5 分，共 24 题 60 分）
1、在稳定流动系统中，水由粗管连续地流入细管，若粗管直径是细管的 3 倍，则细管
流速是粗管的（）倍。
A. 3
B. 27
C. 9
2、某离心泵入口处真空表的读数为 300mmHg，当地大气压为 101.325kPa,则泵入口处
的绝对压强为（）。
A. 61.3kPa B. 101.325kPa C. 141.3kPa
程中发现吸收塔排放尾气中有害气体含量略高于规定的排放标准。这个问题只要稍微
加大吸收过程的推动力就可加以解决。为此操作上只
需 ……………………………………………( )
(A) 适当减少用水量以降低单位吸收剂耗用量;
(B) 适当加大用水量以提高单位吸收剂耗用量;
(C) 适当提高些水的温度;
(D) 适当降低水的喷淋密度。