思维导图xmind-雅思写作常用连词
雅思写作常用连接词
雅思写作常用连接词1常用的连接词:1表层次:first, firstly, to begin with, further, in the first placesecond, secondly, to start with, still, furthermorethird, thirdly, what is more, last, last but not leastAlso, and, then, next, besidesand equally important, too, moreoverBesides, in addition, finally2表转折：by contrast although though yetat the same time but despite the fact that even soin contrast nevertheless even though for all thatnotwithstanding on the contrary however in spite ofon the other hand otherwise instead stillregardless3表因果：therefore consequently because of for the reasonthus hence due to owing toso accordingly thanks to on this accountsince as on that account in this wayfor as a result as a consequence4表让步：still nevertheless concession granted naturallyin spite of all the same of course despiteeven so after all5表递近：furthermore moreover likewise what is morebesides also not only...but also...too in addition6表举例：for example for instance for one thing that isto illustrate as an illustration a case in point7表解释：as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namelyin other words8表总结：in summary in a word thus as has been saidin brief in conclusion altogether in other wordsto conclude in fact finally in simple termsindeed in short in particular that isin other words of course on the whole to put it differentlynamely in all therefore to summarize在雅思写作的四大评分标准当中,连贯性与衔接性是其中的一项评分标准,连贯性与衔接性其中一方面就是用连接手段即连接词来实现的;连接词本身是非常繁琐的知识,在教授连接词时也会遇到很多困难,那么学连接词首先把连接词词性掌握并掌握各词性的用法,学连接词就简便得多;朗阁海外考试研究中心分析认为,连接词大体可分为四种词性：连词,副词,介词和短语,它们各自的用法又不一样;连词如but, and,后接句子,连接并列句时前面逗号可有可无;当然连词也可放句首,这一点在考官范文里有很多体现;例：In the past, populations were partly regulated by frequent war and widespread disease, but in recent years the effects of those factors have been diminished. 并列句中的连词段落开始： But how should it be achieved 连词放句首介词如before, despite：后接名词或动名词例：Before talking about the essential role of death penalty, you have to think about the meaning, and the purpose, of any kind of punishment.副词副词连接并列句,前面用句号或分号,后面用逗号当然,如果副词前用句号,那就是另起一句了,不称之为并列句例：In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However, because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunities for children to stay in their own home up to that age. 副词另起一句The crime rate is increasingly high; therefore, the government needs to enforce more laws to curb this situation. 副词在并列句中短语如on the contrary, in addition：用法和副词用法完全一样例：They feel this is one area of life where they have the right to make decisions for themselves. For that reason, it would seem that the best approach would be work by persuasion rather than compulsion.The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; on the other hand, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research. 短语在并列句中掌握连接词的四大词性及用法以后,连接词的教学和运用就容易展开;我们可以参看考官范文,看看各类关系的时候考官如何使用连接词,使文章凸显出来;因果关系根据词性及用法可归结于:because / since/ as / for, so 连词,because of/ due to / owing to/ as a result of 介词for that reason/as a result/ therefore/ accordingly 短语和副词例：I think the amount of waste produced is also as a result of our tendency to use sth once and throw it away. 可代替词汇because of/ due to / owing to 转折关系根据词性及用法可归结于but/ while/ yet/ whereas连词however/ nonetheless/ nevertheless/ on the other hand 副词和短语rather/ instead 副词rather than/ instead of 介词例：Because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunity for children to stay in their own home to 6 or 7. Instead, they will probably go to a nursery school when they are much younger. 可代替词汇 ratherMy own view is that there is no one major influence in a person’s life. Inste ad, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting. 考官钟爱词汇递进关系moreover/ what’s more/ furthermore/ besides/ in addition 副词in addition to/ besides/ apart from 介词例: Apart from these tensions caused by cultural differences, international tourism may also lead to conflicts between tourists and a local community. 可代替词汇：in addition to, besides 让步关系although/ though/ even though/ even if/while 连词in spite of/ despite 介词no matter how/when/ what 连词例： In spite of this, the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be denied. They are allowed to buy whatever they want, no matter how much it cost 考官高分句式学生学习和教师授课时,可根据以上方法对不同的关系词如表结果,目的的连接词进行归类;翻看考官范文,我们发现当中有些副词最典型为 for example, however, therefore放在句子中间,前后用逗号隔开,这种句式也是相当的经典;例如：There is, however, another problem way of defining that part of the quotation. I think, therefore, that governments need to raise this awareness in the general public. They will, for example, be able to fly planes and they will be able to co-ordinate the movements of several planes in the vicinity of an airport. 朗阁海外考试研究中心建议考生,在连接词的学习当中,我们需注意理清连接词的四类词性及各词性用法,然后把不同关系的连接词根据词性进行整理,并广泛仔细的参考高分范文尤其是考官范文当中的优美句式,连接词这一块的分数是值得期待的;。
雅思写作连接词大全
雅思写作连接词大全（最新版）目录1.雅思写作连接词的作用2.雅思写作连接词的分类a.表示并列的连接词b.表示比较和对比的连接词c.表示添加和进一步说明的连接词d.表示结论和总结的连接词3.常用雅思写作连接词示例a.表示并列的连接词b.表示比较和对比的连接词c.表示添加和进一步说明的连接词d.表示结论和总结的连接词正文雅思写作连接词大全在雅思写作中，连接词起着至关重要的作用。
它们能够帮助考生更好地组织文章结构，使文章逻辑更加清晰。
连接词可以分为四大类：表示并列的连接词、表示比较和对比的连接词、表示添加和进一步说明的连接词以及表示结论和总结的连接词。
首先，我们来看表示并列的连接词。
这些连接词用于连接平行结构或列举，常见的包括：first, second, third, etc.; firstly, secondly, thirdly, etc.; to begin with, next, then, etc。
例如，在描述一个问题的多个原因时，我们可以使用这些连接词：first, the economy isweak, second, the policy is not effective, third, the infrastructure is not well developed。
其次，表示比较和对比的连接词在雅思写作中也非常常见。
这类连接词用于比较和对比不同观点或现象，常见的包括：while, however, on the other hand, in contrast, nevertheless, etc。
例如，在讨论一个观点的优点和缺点时，我们可以使用这些连接词：the policy can improve the economy, while it may also lead to some negative effects, such as inflation and unemployment。
思维导图破解初中英语语法：连词(PPT讲解)
TIPS 2
部分连词以词组的形 式存在，需要识记清
楚。
TIPS 3
从属连词内容相对比 较多，是重点学习内
容之一。
TIPS 4
要注意连词的易混知 识点，有些和中文思 维不同，容易搞错。
初中英语高效学习
作业布置
根据本节课所学 完成学霸给你的对应习题~ 加油~
初中英语高效学习
Thank you
1
构建知识点导图
2
利用知识点导图解题
3
复习练习
初中英语高效学习
PART 1
构建知识点导图
助你了解所有知识点
Create a mindmap
初中英语高效学习
连词知识点导图仪表盘：
连词知识点导图连词种类细节图：
连词知识点导图常用并列连词用法细节图：
连词知识点导图常用转折连词用法细节图：
连词知识点导图常用因果连词用法细节图：
例题3
I can't understand this sentence A. if B. because C. though D. as
there are no new words in it.
初中英语高效学习
答案3
C，此句意为“我不明白这句话...没有一个新单词在里面”，由句意可知，此为让步状 语句，though 意为“尽管”，可用来引导让步状语从句，固选C。
PART 3
复习练习
复习知识点导图，重复练习，直到非常熟悉为止
DREAM OF THE FUTURE
初中英语高效学习
要点总用并列连词用法 常用转折连词用法 常用因果连词用法 常用从属连词用法
初中英语高效学习
注意事项提醒
TIPS 1
15类雅思写作逻辑连接词汇总
15类雅思写作逻辑连接词汇总2016-05-04杭州环球雅思学校杭州环球雅思学校hzgedu英国培生集团旗下环球雅思杭州学校，纳斯达克上市品牌（代码：GEDU）。
全国留学第一品牌，出国语言培训领导者。
定期分享雅思、托福等考情信息、优惠政策、名师预测。
官方微博@杭州环球雅思在雅思写作的评分标准中，有很重要的一项叫做连贯与衔接（CoherenceandCohesion）。
连贯性指文章的流畅程度，文章的观点应该逻辑清楚，易于理解和把握。
而衔接性是指连接词的使用，这有助于整合观点并阐明段落、句子或句子成分之间的关系，是为了考察大家组织文章、衔接信息和观点的能力。
官方给出的说明视频里讲解的很清楚↓对于文章中的连接词一要避免重复，二要适当，不可强加逻辑关系，也不可过度使用，否则一样会影响成绩。
下面整理一下写作中常见逻辑关系的连接词使用前记得查找例句了解正确用法哦~1先后关系atthistime；first；second；atlast；next；previously；simultaneously；eventually；lastbutnotleast；tobeginwith；tostartwith；toendwith；finally；sincethen；firstofall；afterwards;followingthis；precedingthis；priortothis2因果关系because；becauseofthis；since；as；for；owingto；dueto；forthereasonthat...；inviewof；forsuchareason；asaresultof；therefore；consequently；asaresult；thus；hence；so；sothat...；inconsequence；asaconsequence；accordingly；inevitably；undertheseconditions3转折关系but；evenso；however；though；eventhough；independentof；recklessof；despitethat；inspiteofthat；regardlessof；while…yet…；unless... 4并列关系and；also；too；aswellas；either...，or...；both...and...；foronething...，foranother...；meanwhile；atthesametime5递进关系furthermore；moreover；further；Inthisway；still；notonly...butalso...；not...but...；inaddition(to)；additionally,muchmoreinteresting；morespecifically；next；besides；asfaras...isconcerned；moreover；inotherwords；ononehand...；ontheotherhand...；even；asapoplarsayinggoes...；inordertodoit...；tomakethingsbetter(worse)；accordingly；6比较关系（相同点）similarly；inlikemanner,incomparisonwith；whencomparedwith；comparedwith；wheninfact...；like...；likewise；similarlyimportant；apartfrom(doing)...；...ratherthan...，bydoingso；both…and...；inthesameway；notonly...but(also)7对照关系（不同点）yet；still；forallofthat；notwithstanding；rather；neither...nor；although；though；but；however；somethingisjusttheotherwayaround（另一种方式）；yet；conversely；unlike；opposedto；asopposedto；incontrast；bywayof；onthecontrary；differentfromthis；nevertheless；contraryto；whereas；while8举例关系forexample；forinstance；inthiscase；namely；asyouknow；like；suchas；acaseinpointis...；inparticular；including...；putitsimply；statedroughly；asanillustration；agoodexamplewouldbe...；todetailthis,Iwouldliketo...；Itisinterestingtonotethat...；asproof；takethecaseof；take…asexample；asfor；asregards；accordingto；onthisoccasion.9强调关系infact；especially；particularly；moreover；naturally；whatisparticular；nottomention...；believeitornot；undeniably；itiscertain ／surethat...；bydefinition；definitely；undoubtedly；withoutadoubt；intruth；inanyevent；withoutreservation；obviously；notonly..10条件关系if；unless；lest；providedthat（考虑到）；ifitisthecase；inthissense；once...；ifpossible；ifnecessary；ifso；ifnotall；ifanything11归纳总结inotherwords；toputitinanutshell；insum；therefore；hence；inshort；inbrief；tosumup；inconclusion；insummary；toconclude；theconclusioncanbedrawnthat...；inshort12方位关系beyond；oppositeto；adjacentto（毗邻的）；atthesameplace；there；over；inthemiddle；around；infrontof；inthedistance；farther；hereandthere；above；below；attheright；between；onthisside13目的关系withthisobject；forthispurpose；inorderthat；inthisway；since；sothat；onthataccount；incase；withaviewto；forthesamereason.14重申关系inotherwords；thatistosay；namely；toputitinanotherway；asIhavesaid；again；onceagain.15时间关系atonce；immediately；atlength；inthemeantime；meanwhile；atthesametime；intheend；then；soon；notlongafter；later；atonce；atlast；finally；sometimeago；atpresent；allofasudden；fromthistimeon；fromtimetotime；sincethen；when；whenever；nextpoint；afewminuteslater；formerly；as；once；since；occasionally；inamoment；shortly；whereupon；previously.（文章转自：环球雅思扬州分校）。
史上最全雅思写作逻辑连接词
史上最全雅思写作逻辑连接词史上最全雅思写作逻辑连接词因为雅思作文重在论述，论述重在逻辑，逻辑的表现就是逻辑连接词。
灵活而不重样地使用这些词汇，即代表着语法的游刃有余，也代表着逻辑的清晰明了。
ART 1逻辑连接词##1.1 让步###1. Despite+n/ving = in spite of 尽管. (不能加句子)Despite the fact that + 句子(太累赘)Despite myself, 。
情不自禁地。
Her words were so satirical(讽刺的)that I lost my temper in spite ofmyself。
2. Although(更书面)= though(更口语) =even if (即使，更偏假设性)=eventhough(虽然，更偏事实性)+句子注：不能与but连用。
Devoted though we are to prosperity and freedom, we cannot shakeoff the judgmental strand of justice.用倒装3. No matter how/what/who等= 疑问句+everNo matter who/Whoever you are, you must keep the law.注意：疑问句+ever 可以引导名词性从句Whoever(≠ no matter who)comes will be welcome.4. 。
, as long as。
You can do what you want, as long as you like.5. 名词/表语/动词+ as(though)倒装，。
，表“纵使”Object as/though you may, I’ll go。
Small as atoms are, they are made up of still smaller units。
雅思写作高分必备连接词总结
雅思写作高分必备连接词总结（经典版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制单位：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!雅思写作高分必备连接词总结由于汉语更注重意义上的连接，因此经常省略连词，这导致部分同学在用英语写作文的时候，也经常在该使用连接词的地方没有使用连接词，从而造成语法错误或者意义表达不清晰。
雅思写作中常用的逻辑连接词
?很显然，雅思写作模板的时代已经过去了。
"英文写作逻辑和衔接"才是那条通往罗马的必经之路。
参照雅思官方发布的评分标准，不难看出雅思对英文写作逻辑的重视："逻辑与衔接"(Coherence and Cohesion)为四项写作评分原则之一。
以6分的标准为例，写作评分标准中对"逻辑与衔接"是这样描述的：arranges information and ideas coherently and there is a clear overall progression (连贯地组织信息及论点，总体来说，能清晰地推进行文发展);uses cohesive devices effectively, but cohesion within and/or between sentences may be faulty or mechanical (有效地使用衔接手段，但句内及/或句间的衔接有时有误或过于机械) 所谓"清晰的推进行文发展"，至少要做到文章中使用到准确、有效的逻辑连词(logical conjunction) 又名信号词。
信号词对于文章过程的连贯起到了作用,它也是英语写作中众多过渡10类：(1)表示递进：and, also, too, in addition, moreover, besides ,furthermore, not only… but also…, along with, next, what’s more.(2)表示时间: after, before, soon, when, until, during, immediately, then.(3)表示举例: for example, for instance, such as, that is, in other words, in fact.(4)表示相同即第二个观点在某些方面和第一个观点相似：Like, as, similarly, in the some way, as well, too, equally, likewise.(5)表示不同，即观点和我们所期望的观点不同(读者需要对下一句的意思转换做好准备)：Unlike, in contrast with\to, whereas, on the contrary, on the other hand, instead, but, however, yet, although, nevertheless, even though, in spite of, despite, rather than.(6)表示因果：since, because, due to, owing to, for, as, because of, on account of, as a result, therefore, thus, hence, so, consequently, so…that.(7)表示目的：in order to, in the hope that, so as to, so that.(8)表示总结in conclusion, on the whole, to conclude, to sum up, finally, at last.(9)表示顺序：first, then, next, after that, finally, last of all, still, soon, later, initially.(10)表示条件：if, unless, on condition that, as long as, in case, suppose.这些起桥梁作用的过渡词语(Transitional Words\Phrases) 把文章有条理的衔接起来，使整篇文章流畅自然、语义连贯。
雅思小作文连接词
雅思小作文连接词雅思小作文中的11种连接词，可以表示句子内部、句子间乃至段与段之间关系的连接词汇总。
雅思写作非常讲究行文的逻辑性，这也是雅思写作评分标准当中的一个重要评分要素。
无论是雅思小作文还是雅思大作文，清晰的逻辑都能让评卷人一目了然。
而这些连接词能增加行文的逻辑性。
一、And 并列关系(and)in addition/and/similarly/likewise/as wellas/besides/furthermore/also/moreover/too/not only ... but/even/besides this/that二、Sequence 顺序 (then)出现的时候表示列举first/initially/second etc./to begin with/then/next/earlier/later/followingthis/that/afterwards三、Consequence 结果 (so)前面是后面的结果/也就是这些词后面就开始给出结论了as a result/thus/so/therefore/consequently/it follows that/thereby/eventually/in that case/admittedly四、Contrast 转折 (but )表对前面论述的转折/一般后面才是作者观点however/on the other hand/despite/in spite of/though/although/but/on thecontrary/otherwise/yet/instead of/rather/whereas/nonetheless/in contrast1. for one thing, for another, above all things;2. to begin/start with, next/besides/moreover, last/finally;3. in the first place, in the second, in the third, (and) best of/worst of all;4. one of these, another,(there is) still another(reason/factor);1. 首先;其次;重要的是;2. 首先;然后/此外/而且;后;3. ，首先;第二;第三;好的是/糟糕的是;4. 其中一个;另一个;还有一个(原因/因素);五、Certainty 确定 (of course)强烈的确定/后面是作者的坚定论点obviously/certainly/plainly/of course/undoubtedly六、Condition 条件/ 因为 (if )后面跟随着某种情况发生的前提或者是条件。
雅思写作大作文常用连接词与句型
雅思大作文常用连接词汇1.增补Additionin addition; furthermore; again; also; besides; moreover; what’s more; similarly; next; finally.2.比较Comparisonin the same way; likewise; similarly; equally; in comparison; just as3.对照Contrastwhereas; in contrast; on the other hand; instead; however; nevertheless; unlike; even though; on the contrary; while4.因果Cause and effectbecause; because of; for; since; due to; owing to; thanks to; as a result of; accordingly; hence; so; thus5.强调Emphasiscertainly; above all; indeed; of course; surely; actually; as a matter of fact; chiefly; especially; primarily; in particular; undoubtedly; absolutely; most important6.让步Concessionalthough; though; after all; in spite of; nevertheless; still; provided; while it is true....7.例证Exemplification for example; for instance; that is; namely; such as; in other words; in this case; by way of illustration.8.总结Conclusionto sum up; to conclude; in a word; in short; in brief; all in all; in all; to put it in a nutshell; in summary9.推断Inferencetherefore; as a resultof; consequently; accordingly; so; otherwise 10.时间和空间Time and space afterward; after; first; later; then; soon; outside; near; beyound; above; below; on the rightleft; in the middle; opposite; in front of雅思大作文常用头尾短语与句式1、常用与开头的短语、句式1 with the rapidlygrowing popularity of computers/private cars in China;the quality of our lives has been considerably changed..2 With the rapidgrowth of our economy/population;many problems such as water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic managementare beginning to surface3 With the development of science and technology/market economy;more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that …4 Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures.5 Nowadays ;a heated debated/discussion about…is under way in China .some people believe that …;whereas others argue that…6 There are some reasons for owning private cars/ personal computers.To begin with;…Next;…Last;…There are; on the other hand; many reasons against it; First;…Second;…Finally;…7 There are many advantages and disadvantages inowning a car.8 There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something9 Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons. The first reason is that …The second reason is that …/On the one hand ;… On the other hand;…10 The possible solutions of the energy crisis/water shortages/these social problemsdepend on three factors…11 The tow major reasons responsible forthe rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products are…2．常用于结尾的短语、句式1 It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more attention to ......2 To conclude;we can see that the best way/the possible solutionis......3 In short;shortages of water;decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollutionare the major problems to be solved toincrease rain production..4 In order to make our world a better place in which to live we should make great efforts to......5 In a word ;there are three suggestions we must follow ;only in this way can weachieve a great success..6 It is time for us to take an active part in......7 Let us work hand in hand in hand tosolve these social problems。
英语图标作文常用连词
英语图标作文常用连词
1. Firstly, secondly, thirdly...（首先，其次，第三...），用于列举事物或论点的顺序。
2. Moreover（此外），用于添加更多的相关信息或支持论点。
3. Furthermore（而且），与Moreover类似，用于添加额外的
信息或支持论点。
4. In addition（另外），用于添加附加信息或论点。
5. However（然而），用于引出对比或相反的观点。
6. On the other hand（另一方面），用于引出对比的观点。
7. Nevertheless（然而），用于表达一种相反的看法，但并不
完全否定之前的观点。
8. Nonetheless（尽管如此），与Nevertheless类似，用于表
达一种相反的看法，但并不完全否定之前的观点。
9. Consequently（因此），用于表示结果或结论。
10. Therefore（因此），与Consequently相似，用于表示结果或结论。
11. Thus（因此），与Consequently和Therefore相似，用于表示结果或结论。
12. In conclusion（总之），用于总结全文或引出结论。
这些连词可以帮助你在英语图标作文中构建清晰的逻辑框架，使你的文章更易读和易懂。
雅思写作常见逻辑连词整理
雅思写作常见逻辑连词整理在雅思写作考试中，整个内容的逻辑性一定是非常清晰的，我们可以通过运用一些逻辑连接词或者比较明显的逻辑句型来表达自己的内容，贯穿整个的写作。
接下来小编为大家总结了一些在雅思写作考试中经常会用到的一些逻辑连词，我们可以在备考中通过多运用来进行掌握。
雅思写作常见逻辑连词整理1、因果逻辑连词因果逻辑连词是整个大作文论证的核心逻辑连词，但是不少同学提到因果往往脑海中浮现的就是because, so .下面我们来看一些可以替换的逻辑连接词a. Forthe sake ofManyelderly people prefer to live in the countryside for the sake of their health.很多老人由于健康的原因住在乡村b. Inview ofInlight of mounting pressure from their studies, a numberof studentsturn to take a gap year after finishing high school studies.由于学习压力越来越大，大量的学生在高中毕业后选择间隔年其他一些可以和in view of 代替的还有 in light of 和given 相互代替2.对比逻辑连词a. Onthe contraryMymom failed to intimidate me. On the contrary, I played evenharder.我妈妈并没有恐吓住我。
我玩的更欢乐b. IncontrastNerdsare spending a lot of their time at school. In contrast, Iam more sociable.书呆子天天呆在学校，先比之下，我更加善于社交c. Ratherthan/ instead ofManyAmerican tourists go to Africa these days to see wildlife in its naturalenvironmental rather than in cages or cement pools.很多美国人希望去非洲是希望在自然环境里看到野生动物，而不是在笼子里3.递进Ontop of that/ alongside thatForminggood life habits such as getting up early in the morning is beneficial to people’slong-term health. On top of that, it is the government’s responsibi lity to improveenvironmental conditions to prevent various diseases among the public养成良好的生活习惯比如早起有助于保持长期的身体健康。
第八章连词(思维导图+知识梳理+好题精炼)2022-2023初中英语中考语法归纳
第八章连词思维导图知识梳理一、连词的定义连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分,也不能重读,在句子中只起连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子以及引导从句的作用.二、连词的分类(一)根据连词本身的形式分类根据其构成的形式,连词可以分为4类.1.简单连词and(和) but(但是) or(或者)if(如果) before(在······以前) since(自从,既然)2.关联连词both...and...(既······又······) either...or...(或者······或者······)neither...nor...(既不······又不······) as...as...(和·····样······)not only...but also...(不但······而且······)3.短语连词as if/as though(仿佛) as soon as(······就······) as well as(也,又)so that(以便;结果) in case(假使;以免) in order that(为了······)4.分词连词(它们由动词的分词转变而来)如:supposing (假如), considering(考虑到), provided(只要)等.(二)根据连词的句法功能分类根据连词的句法功能,连词可分为并列连词和从属连词两类.1.并列连词并列连词用来连接,按其作用可分为并列、转折、选择和因果等四大类.(1)并列关系.用来连接两个概念,常见的连词有:and······和······,·····以及······,both...and...既······又······,not only...but also...不但······而且······,neither...nor...既不······又不······,as well as 也,又.①and可用来连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子,表示一种对等或顺承关系.My tall friend is handsome, intelligent and strong.我那高个子朋友英俊、聪明、身体又强壮.She sings and dances very well.她唱歌跳舞都很好.You, he and I are good friends.你、我、他都是好朋友.Jim and Li Lei are in the same class.吉姆和李磊在同一个班级.She is beautiful and helpful.她美丽又乐于助人.点拨“祈使句＋and+陈述句”用于代替条件从句.Go ahead and you will see the hospital. = if you go ahead, you will see the hospital.向前走你就会看见医院.②both...and...Both Tom and John came to see me.汤姆和约翰两个都来看我.Mary can both sing and dance.玛丽既会唱歌,又会跳舞.Both teachers and students will go to visit the farm tomorrow.老师和学生明天都去农场参观.点拨连接两个主语,谓语动词要用复数.Both you and I enjoy music.你和我都喜欢音乐.③ not only...but also...Beijing has not only a lot of old houses but also many new buildings.北京不仅有许许多多古建筑,而且还有很多很多的新楼房.This girl is not only pretty but also clever.这女孩不仅漂亮而且聪明.点拨(1)当连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与最近的主语在数上保持一致.Not only he but also I am a teacher.不仅他,我也是个老师.(2)由not only...but also...引导的句子可转换成as well as.She is not only kind but also beautiful.She is kind as well as beautiful.她不但漂亮,而且为人很好.④ neither...nor...Neither animals nor plants can live without air or water.没有空气和水,动植物都不能活.He neither wrote nor telephoned.他既没写信,也没有打电话.点拨当此词组作主语时,谓语动词的用法由nor后面的词而定.Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不对.⑤ as well asShe is beautiful as well as clever.她漂亮也聪明.I entered for 100-meter-race as well as high jump.我报名参加百米赛跑和跳高.点拨(1)如果主语是单数,尽管后面跟有as well as引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式.He as well as I is going to the concert.不仅他,我也要去听音乐会.(2)as well as侧重前者,而not only...but also...侧重后者.(2)转折关系.表示两个概念彼此有转折关系,常见的连词有:but但是,yet然而,while而,however可是,然而.如:She is not my girlfriend but my sister.她不是我的女朋友,而是我的妹妹(姐姐).He worked hard, yet he failed.他工作努力,可是他失败了.However, on his arrival in Paris he was recognized as noble and thrown into prison.可是,他一到巴黎就被认出是贵族,被关进了监狱.(3)选择关系.表示两者之间选择其一,常见的连词有:either...or...或者······或者······,不是······就是······,or或者,否则,otherwise 否则,or else否则.Do you speak either English or French?你说英语还是说法语?Either you or she is wrong.不是你错就是她错.He can either go swimming or play tennis.他可去游泳也可以打网球.点拨either...or...连接主语时,谓语动词同后一个主语一致.Either you or I am wrong.不是你错就是我错.Either you or we do the housework.不是你们就是我们做家务.Either the father or his son drives the car.不是那个父亲就是他的儿子开这辆车.Either he or you get it back today.要么他要么你今天去把它取回.(4)因果关系.说明原因或产生的结果.常见的连词有:for因为,so所以,因此,therefore所以,因而.You'd better put on your sweater, for it's rather cold outside.你最好把毛衣穿上,因为外面相当冷.These buildings were over 50 years old, so they were not strong enough.这些建筑物已有50多年的寿命,因此不够坚固.He broke the rules of the school, therefore he had to leave.他违反了校规,因此只得退学.2.从属连词用来连接主句和名词性从句或状语从句的连词叫从属连词.(1)引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句)的从属连词,有:that(无词义),whether/if.Joe said (that) he would come.乔说过他要来.The trouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们缺少资金.Ask her if she will come with me.请问她是否愿意跟我一起来.He asked whether they needed some more tea.他问他们是否还需要茶.(2)引导状语从句的从属连词.①连接时间状语从句的从属连词有:since, until, after, before, when, while, as, as soon asWhere did you study before you came her?你来这儿之前在哪儿学习?As I left the house, I remembered the key.正要离开住所时,我想起了钥匙.I'll go with you as soon as I finish my work.我一完成工作就和你一起去.Let's play football after school.放学后,咱们踢球吧.He has lived in Beijing since he came to China.他来华以来,一直住在北京.Tom watched TV while he was having his supper.汤姆边吃晚饭边看电视.He could swim very well when he was young.他年轻的时候,游泳游得很好.Go on till you see a tall building on your right.往前走,直到在你的右侧看到一所高楼.②引导条件状语从句的有:if, even if, unless, in case, provided that, suppose (supposing) , as long as, on condition thatIf it doesn't rain tomorrow, I'll go to the Great Wall.如果明天不下雨,我就去长城.Even if you fail again, you shouldn't lose heart.就算再次失败你也不应该灰心.He'll go there unless it rains.如果天不下雨,他将到那儿去.You'd better take an umbrella in case it rains.你最好把雨伞带去以防下雨.I'll go with you provided that everyone's going.如果人人都去,我就跟你一起去.Suppose you are right, are you happy?假定你对,你高兴吗?As long as he is alive, he'll work.只要他活着,他就要工作.③引导原因状语从句的有:because, as, since, now that, seeing that, forI must hurry because it's time for class.我必须快点,因为该我上课了.Since he is very busy, I won't trouble him.既然他很忙,我就不打扰他了.Now that the weather is fine, I want to eat out.既然天气好,我想到饭馆里去吃饭.I'm late for class for I got up late.我迟到是因为起晚了.④连接方式状语从句的从属连词有:as, as if(as though)It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来天气似乎要下雨.When in Rome do as the Romans do.入乡随俗.Don't make the same mistake as I did.不要犯和我同样的错误.⑤连接结果状语从句的从属连词有:so...that...,such...that...He is such a good person that we all like him.他是如此好的一个人,以致我们都喜欢他.He worked so hard that he made good progress.他工作得如此努力,以致取得很大进步.⑥连接让步状语从句的从属连词有:although, though, howeverAlthough she was tired, she kept on working.虽然她很累,但仍继续工作.Though he is young, he knows a lot.他虽然年轻,但知道的很多.⑦连接目的状语的从属连词有:so that, in order thatI'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.为了让你们能听懂我的话,我说慢一点.It also shows you the caller's telephone number in order that you recognize who it is.它也向你显示发话人的电话号码,以便你清楚是谁给你打的电话.⑧表示比较的从属连词有:than, as...as...,not as/so...as...The earth is bigger than the moon(is).地球比月球大.She is as tall as Mary.她和玛丽一样高.好题精练一、用适当的连词填空1.I know_________ English is a useful tool.2.We won't go to the park_________ it rains.3.We enjoyed ourselves_________ the weather was bad.4.He asked_________ Mr. Howe had come back.5. _________ I got to school, the rain had stopped.6. _________ he wasn't feeling well, I went there alone.7.Mr. and Mrs. Brown had lived in Boston_________ they moved to Washington.8.Don't listen to the radio_________ you are doing your homework.9.The next day Jenny got up very early_________ went to school without breakfast.10.I have a brother_________ a sister.11.I can swim_________ my sister can't.12.Is this book yours_________ Han Mei's?13.Mary often helps me with my English_________ I often help her with her Chinese.14.Tom_________ Jim are brothers.15.This exercise is long_________ it's easy.16.Take a rest, _________ you'll feel tired,17.My mother went shopping_________ bought nothing.18.Go to see the doctor at once, _________ your cold may get worse.19.I'll give the note to him_________ he comes.20. _________ Jim_________ Kate broke the glass. The cat did.21.Grandma is often ill now. She is not_________ healthy_________ before.22.It was_________ dark_________ we had to feel our way out.23. _________ animals_________ plants can live without air or water.24.This child is only one year old ,he_________ can_________ read write.25. _________ Mary_________ Tom have read this book.答案：1.that2.if3.though4.whether/ if5.When6.As7.before8.while9.but 10.and11.but 12.or 13.and 14.and 15.but16.or 17.but 18.or 19.as soon as 20.Neither...nor21.as...as 22.so...that 23.Neither...nor 24.neither...nor 25.Both...and二、用括号内的连词改写句子1.You are not right, I think.(that)____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.The boy has caught a bad cold, so his mother will take him to the hospital.(because)____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.I wondered whether it would be fine or not.(if)____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.We were waiting for an important telephone call. Just then the door bell rang.(when)____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.The boy saw the dog and hid himself behind the door at once.(as soon as)____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.Mother was cooking dinner and father was working in the garden.(while)____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.They moved here in 1995.(since)____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.When I see him, I'll give him the message.(if)____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.It was such a heavy parcel that I couldn't lift it.(so...that)____________________________________________________________________________________________10.He can not speak English. He can't speak Japanese.(neither...nor)____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：1.I don't think that you are right.2.The mother will take the boy to the hospital because he has caught a bad cold.3.I wondered if it would be fine.4.We were waiting for an important telephone call when the door bell rang.5.As soon as the boy saw the dog, he hid himself behind the door.6.Mother was cooking dinner while father was working in the garden.7.They have lived here since 1995.8.I'll give him the message ifI see him.9.The parcel was so heavy that I couldn't lift it.10.He can speak neither English nor Japanese.三、选择填空1.Could you look after my cat_________ I am away?A. untilB. whereC. whileD. since2. _________ he or I am wrong.A. NeitherB. EitherC. BothD.As3.I hear_________ walking on the moon is more difficult.A. ifB. thatC. soD. whether4.Could you tell us_________ it snows in winter in Australia?A. if B that C. after D. before5.What shall we do_________ it rains tomorrow?A. soB. ifC. butD. before6. _________ it rains tomorrow, I'll go by car.A. WhetherB. AfterC. IfD. Before7.Our teacher is very tired, _________ she stops working.A. andB. butC. soD. or8. _________ you_________ your sister can join us. We want just one of you.A. Both; andB. Both; orC. Neither; norD. Either; or9.The nurse is very tired, _________ she is still working very hard.A. butB. andC. orD. if10. _________ you don't know how to read a new word, you'd better look it up in a dictionary.A. BecauseB. IfC. WhyD. What11.Is reading in bed good_________ bad for your eyes?A. asB. andC. orD. but12.I like basketball, football_________ volleyball.A. butB. orC. soD. and13.I was doing my homework_________ my mother got back yesterday.A. whenB. after C .before D. as soon as14.You can_________ stay at home_________ go out to play football.A. both; andB. either; orC. as; asD. so; that15.Do you know_________ she will go to the cinema with us?A. ifB. whereC. thatD. there16.Why not look up the new word in a dictionary_________ you don't know it?A. ifB. thatC. thoughD. whether17.Mr. Li has lived here_________ he moved to the city.A. forB. sinceC. soD. because18.Which is bigger, the sun_________ the moon?A. orB. andC. butD. so19.You'll pass the exam_________ you study with a strong will.A. unlessB. untilC. as long asD. as well as20.Ic was about 600 years ago_________ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. thatB. untilC. beforeD. when22.I think_________ he is tired.A. ifB. thatC. whetherD. before23.If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _________ great it is.A. whatB. howC. howeverD. whatever24.Work harder_________ you'll make greater progress.A. butB. orC. soD. and25.Han Mei didn't go to school_________ she had a bad cold.A. whenB. whileC. ifD. because26.They'll visit the Great Wall_________ it doesn't rain next Sunday.A. sinceB. beforeC. ifD. when27.The reason for his absence is_________ he was ill.A. thatB. why D. forC. because28.Would you like a cup of coffee_________ shall we get down to business right away?A. andB. thenC. orD. otherwise29.I have sent Jack five letters, _________ he hasn't written back.A. soB. orC. andD. but30.He speaks not only French_________ also English.A. andB. butC. orD. that答案：1-5CBBAB 6-10CCDAB 11-15 CDABA16-20 ABACA 21-25DBCDD 26-30 CACDB。