黑奴贸易与奴隶制的废除【英文】
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The TrHale Waihona Puke Baiduns-Atlantic Slave Trade and the Abolition of Slavery
Anti-slavery medallion created by Josiah Wedgewood in 1787.
Incidentally, Josiah Wedgewood was Charles Darwin’s maternal grandfather.
By 1699 one out of every four ships that left Liverpool harbor was a slave ship.
Diagram of the “triangle trade”
The Triangle Trade
The British dominated the slave trade during the 18th century until its end in the 19th. British traders brought manufactured goods to Africa (first passage). They sold those goods for slaves and brought them to the Caribbean and mainland American colonies (middle passage) With their profits, the traders bought raw materials like sugar, tobacco, molasses and spices, to sell in England (third passage).
Olaudah Equiano
Equiano published his book The Interesting narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African in 1789. It went through 25 printings before his Death in 1797.
- Kwa chant about the disappearance of an African boy, Equiano
Equiano’s Interesting Narrative
Equiano describes his terror as a young boy taken aboard a slave ship. He believes white men are demons who plan to eat him. His account balances a sense that Europeans had such advanced technology that they seemed like magicians with a sense that they are less civilized than Africans – more cruel, less concerned with cleanliness and much less modest concerning women.
Equiano’s Story
One powerful aspect of Equiano’s account involves his struggle for freedom. One master, Michael Pascal, promises to free him, only to sell him at the end of a voyage. Another, Robert King, offers to free him for a fee of forty pounds, but is shocked when Equiano actually earns that much. He has to be persuaded by another man to honor his agreement. After he wins his freedom, Equiano is often cheated by whites and is under constant threat of being reenslaved.
The Origins of the TransAtlantic Slave Trade
Europeans begin importing slaves from Africa by the end of the 14th century. Sir john Hawkins became the first English slave trader in 1562. By 1650, newly established sugar and tobacco plantations in the Caribbean British colonies and on the American mainland made slavery extremely profitable.
Who are we looking for, who are we looking for? It's Equiano we're looking for. Has he gone to the stream? Let him come back. Has he gone to the farm? Let him return. It's Equiano we're looking for.
Mary Prince
Mary Prince, a West Indian slave, published her narrative in 1831, a few years before the abolition of slavery. Her story forms a catalogue of horrors. Prince describes the separation of slave families and the brutal treatment of fellow slaves, like her friend Hetty, whose beating resulted in a miscarriage, as well as her own sufferings at the hands of cruel masters – she is beaten for breaking a jug and for letting a cow loose -- and in the terrible labor in the salt ponds.
Anti-slavery medallion created by Josiah Wedgewood in 1787.
Incidentally, Josiah Wedgewood was Charles Darwin’s maternal grandfather.
By 1699 one out of every four ships that left Liverpool harbor was a slave ship.
Diagram of the “triangle trade”
The Triangle Trade
The British dominated the slave trade during the 18th century until its end in the 19th. British traders brought manufactured goods to Africa (first passage). They sold those goods for slaves and brought them to the Caribbean and mainland American colonies (middle passage) With their profits, the traders bought raw materials like sugar, tobacco, molasses and spices, to sell in England (third passage).
Olaudah Equiano
Equiano published his book The Interesting narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African in 1789. It went through 25 printings before his Death in 1797.
- Kwa chant about the disappearance of an African boy, Equiano
Equiano’s Interesting Narrative
Equiano describes his terror as a young boy taken aboard a slave ship. He believes white men are demons who plan to eat him. His account balances a sense that Europeans had such advanced technology that they seemed like magicians with a sense that they are less civilized than Africans – more cruel, less concerned with cleanliness and much less modest concerning women.
Equiano’s Story
One powerful aspect of Equiano’s account involves his struggle for freedom. One master, Michael Pascal, promises to free him, only to sell him at the end of a voyage. Another, Robert King, offers to free him for a fee of forty pounds, but is shocked when Equiano actually earns that much. He has to be persuaded by another man to honor his agreement. After he wins his freedom, Equiano is often cheated by whites and is under constant threat of being reenslaved.
The Origins of the TransAtlantic Slave Trade
Europeans begin importing slaves from Africa by the end of the 14th century. Sir john Hawkins became the first English slave trader in 1562. By 1650, newly established sugar and tobacco plantations in the Caribbean British colonies and on the American mainland made slavery extremely profitable.
Who are we looking for, who are we looking for? It's Equiano we're looking for. Has he gone to the stream? Let him come back. Has he gone to the farm? Let him return. It's Equiano we're looking for.
Mary Prince
Mary Prince, a West Indian slave, published her narrative in 1831, a few years before the abolition of slavery. Her story forms a catalogue of horrors. Prince describes the separation of slave families and the brutal treatment of fellow slaves, like her friend Hetty, whose beating resulted in a miscarriage, as well as her own sufferings at the hands of cruel masters – she is beaten for breaking a jug and for letting a cow loose -- and in the terrible labor in the salt ponds.