2009年MBAMPAMPACC逻辑考试真题

2009年MBA联考综合能力考试大纲解析之逻辑(一).doc

行性根本不可行就没有任何价值，但尽管不合理可行，仍然是可以操作的。

就像我们现实生活中合法而不合理的东西很多，它可行。

这些东西我们可以总结出一些方法，尽管不是程序化的方法，还是有规律可循。

第三，非程序化题目。

这类题目没有确定的解题方法，没有确定的解题步骤，没有确定的解题思路，甚至让你知道了这个题目的答案，甚至准确的表述出来都非常困难，这类题目真正涉及到批判性思维。

解决这类题目不是依赖你的知识，而是依赖于你这种直觉、灵感和悟性，悟性到了这道题非常简单，就是一层窗户纸一捅就破，但是如果悟性不到你很可能就被这层窗户纸长时间的搁在另外一个世界里。

对于这三种类型的题目，第一种类型，程序化题目必须要下工夫，掌握逻辑基本知识、基本方法。

第二类我们要多看一些试题，从一些试题当中我们总结出一些方法，能够达到举一反三、触类旁通。

第三类非程序化题目，就看你这种批判性思维的能力了。

这几年尽管大纲没有太大变化，但是就这几年的考题看我们还是看出一些变化的趋势。

反映在题目的质量高了，像过去非常简单的甚至觉得比较粗俗的题目现在很少见了，这类题目相对比较完善。

再一个，考试当中像批判性思维这个方法的比重加大了。

这是这几年考题所出现的比较微妙的变化，尽管大纲里面没有变化，但是题型、出题思路还是有一些微妙的变化。

[1] [2]。

2009年考试真题及参考答案

2009年联考MBA 联考真题综合试卷一、问题求解（本大题共15题，每小题3分，共45分。

在下列每题给出的五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡．．．上将所选的字母涂黑。

） 1．一家商店为回收资金把甲乙两件商品均以480元一件卖出。

已知甲商品赚了20%，乙商品亏了20%，则商店盈亏结果为（A ）不亏不赚（B ）亏了50元（C ）赚了50元（D ）赚了40元（E ）亏了40元2．某国参加北京奥运会的勇女运动员比例原为19:12，由于先增加若干名女运动员．使男女运动员比例变为20:13．后又增加了若干名男运动员，于是男女运动员比例．最终变为30:19．如果后增加的男运动员比先增加的女运动员多3人，则最后运员的总人数为（）。

（A ）686 （B ）637 （C ）700 （D ）661 （E ）6003．某工厂定期购买一种原料，已知该厂每天需用该原料6吨，每吨价格1800元．原料的保管等费用平均每吨3元，每次购买原料支付运费900元，若该厂要使平均每天支付的总费用最省，则应该每（）天购买一次原料。

（A ）11 （B ）10 （C ）9 （D ）8 （E ）74．在某实验中，三个试管各盛水若千克。

现将浓度为12%的盐水10克倒入A 管中，混合后，取10克倒入口管中，混合后再取10克倒入C 管中，结果 A ，B ，C 三个试管中盐水的浓度分别为6%、2%、0.5%，那么三个试管中原来盛水最多的试管及其盛水量各是（A ）A 试管，10克（B ）B 试管，20克（C ）C 试管，30克（D ）B 试管，40克（E ）C 试管，50克5．一艘轮船往返航行于甲、乙两码头之间，着船在静水中的速度不变，则当这条河的水流速度增加50%时，往返一次所需的时间比原来将( )．（A ）增加（B ）减少半个小时（C ）不变（D ）减少1个小时（E ）无法判断6．方程214x x -+=的根是（）。

2009.1考研管理类联考逻辑真题(有解析)

2009年1月份MBA联考逻辑真题26.某中学发现有学生课余用扑克玩带有赌博性质的游戏，因此规定学生不得带扑克进入学校，不过即使是硬币，也是可以用作赌具，但禁止学生带硬币进入学校是不可思议的，因此，禁止学生带扑克进入学校是荒谬的。

以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述论证？A．禁止学生带扑克进入学校不能阻止学生在校外赌博；B．硬币作为赌具远不如扑克方便；C．很难查明学生是否带扑克进入学校；D．赌博不但败坏校风，而且影响学习成绩；E．有的学生玩扑克不涉及赌博。

27．甲、乙、丙和丁进入某围棋邀请赛半决赛，最后要决出一名冠军。

张、王和李三人对结果做了如下预测：张：冠军不是丙；王：冠军是乙；李：冠军是甲已知张、王、李三人中恰有一人预测正确，以下哪项为真？A．冠军是甲 B.冠军是乙 C.冠军是丙 D.冠军是丁 E.无法确认冠军是谁28．除非年龄在50岁以下，并且能持续游泳在三千米以上，否则不能参加下个月举行的横渡长江活动。

同时，高血压和心脏病患者不能参加。

老黄能持续游泳三千米以上，但没被批准参加这项活动。

以上断定能推出以下哪项结论？I、老黄的年龄至少50岁II、老黄患有高血压III、老黄患有心脏病A．只有I B.只有II C.只有III D.I、II、III至少有一 E. .I、II、III都不能从题干推出29．一项对西部山区小塘村的调查发现，小塘村约五分之三的儿童入中学后出现中度以上的近视，而他们的父母及祖辈，没有机会到正规学校接受教育，很少出现近视。

以下哪项作为上述的结论最为恰当？A．接受文化教育是造成近视的原因B．只有在儿童期接受正规教育才易于成为近视C．阅读和课堂作业带来的视觉压力必然造成儿童近视D．文化教育的发展和近视现象的出现有密切关系E．小塘村约五分之二的儿童是文盲30．小李考上了清华，或者小孙没考上北大。

增加了以下哪项条件，能推出小李考上了清华？A．小张和小孙至少有一人未考上北大B．小张和小孙至少有一人未考上清华C．小张和小孙都考上了北大D．小张和小李都未考上清华E．小张和小孙都未考上北大31.大李和小王是某报新闻部的编辑，该报总编计划从新闻部抽调人员到经济部。

2007--2009年1月份MBA联考逻辑真题解析

2007年1月MBA联考逻辑真题解析26.【答案】D【解析】假设选项D的断定不成立，则意味着，在青崖山区，某一商品为了迅速获得最大程度的知名度，除了通过无线广播电台进行密集的广告宣传外，还需要利用其他宣传工具做广告，那么，就不能推出题干所示的断定。

因此，题干所示的断定最可能推出选项D的结论。

27.【答案】B【解析】金雕的放飞地2公里范围内有一牧羊草场，成为狼群袭击的目标，则金雕也将在上述范围内飞行，这显然最有助于解释题干所示的金雕的行为。

28.【答案】A【解析】令“把理论当作教条”为P，“束缚思想”为Q。

题干断定，P→Q。

选项A断定¬P→¬Q，等同于Q→P。

也就是题干将“把理论当作教条”作为“束缚思想”的充分条件，而选项A误将“把理论当作教条”视作“束缚思想”的必要条件，不符合题干。

29.【答案】E【解析】由题干可知，林教授的反驳实际上基于这样的假设：如果一个团体每个成员具有某种特征，那么这个团体就总能体现这种特征。

但这一假设并不一定成立，从而林教授的反驳中存在漏洞。

30.【答案】A【解析】假设魏国庆的奖金比王园的高，根据题干的已知条件并不能推出王园的奖金也比苗晓琴的高。

例如，假设按照奖金金额由高到低排序，四人依次为魏国庆、苗晓琴、王园、梁振杰，则王园的奖金低于苗晓琴，与题干的推断不符。

因此，选项A的假设不能使题干的推断成立。

31.【答案】B【解析】由题干可知，由于张华是甲班学生，对围棋感兴趣，因而他对军棋不感兴趣。

又因为该班学生或者对国际象棋感兴趣，或者对军棋感兴趣，从而可知张华必定对国际象棋感兴趣。

题干得出的结论是，张华对中国象棋感兴趣。

从而题干的论证应当包含以下假设：张华对国际象棋感兴趣是他对中国象棋感兴趣充分条件。

因此，如果假设选项B成立，则题干的论证成立。

在本题中，选项A和选项E也可以使题干的论证成立，但其假设过于宽泛。

32.【答案】C【解析】本题题干指出，关于神经化学物质的最新发现使我们对精神疾病患者和原本生厌的怪癖行为者怀有同情和容忍。

MBA2009年真题详细透析

1. 一家商店为回收资金，把甲乙两件商品均以480元一件卖出，已知甲商品赚了20%，乙商品亏了20%，则商店盈亏结果为( )A 不亏不赚B 亏了50元C 赚了50元D 赚了40元E 亏了40元解： 48048048048080120401.20.8-+-=-=- 选择E 评注：此题在模考卷的充分性判断中出现，数字略微改动。

2. 某国参加北京奥运会的男女运动员比例原为19：12，由于先增加若干女运动员，使得男女运动员比例变为20:13。

后又增加了若干名男运动员，于是男女运动员比例最终变为30:19。

如果后增加的男运动员比先增加的女运动员多3人，则最后运动员的总人数为（）A 686B 637C 700D 661E 600 解：设男运动员有19t ，女运动员有16t ，先增加x 个女运动员，则19201213t t x =+ 后增加y 个男运动员，则19301219t y t x +=+，以及3y x -= 由等比性质可得19301219t y t x +=+711731112191219t y x t t x t x +-+⇒=⇒=++，以及19201213t t x =+ 731113207,10191920t t x y t +⨯⇒=⇒=⇒==⨯，因此总共有31637t y x ++= 评注：等比性质是比例性质中的常规考题，此题模型在应用题中深刻分析过，有相类似的原题在模考中做过。

3. 某工厂定期购买一种原料，已知该厂每天需要用该原料6吨，每吨价格1800元，原料的保管等费用平均每吨3元，每次购买原料需支付运费900元。

若该厂要平均每天支付的总费用最省，则应该每（）天购买一次原料。

A 11B 10C 9D 8E 7解：设每x 天购买一次原料由此可得 ()61800312...16900x x x x y x ⨯++-+-+++=()9001080091x x =+++ 当9009x x=时，取到最小值，则有10x =，选择B 评注：这类题目是应用题中典型的平均损耗最小值型题目，在应用题专题中进行过分析。

MBAMPAMPACC考试综合(逻辑)真题(一)

MBA/MPA/MPACC考试综合（逻辑）真题（一）三、逻辑推理：第26～55小题，每小题2分，共60分。

下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

26.巴斯德认为，空气中的微生物浓度与环境状况、气流运动和海拔高度有关。

他在山上的不同高度分别打开装着煮过的培养液的瓶子，发现海拔越来越高，培养液被微生物污染的可能性越小。

在山顶上，20个装了培养液的瓶子，只有1个长出了微生物。

普歇另用干草浸液做材料重复了巴斯德的实验，却得出不同的结果：及时在海拔很高的地方，所有装了培养液的瓶子很快长出了微生物。

以下哪项如果为真，最能解释普歇和巴斯德实验所得到的不同结果?（A）只要有氧气的刺激，微生物就会从培养液中自发地生长出来。

(B)培养液在加热消毒、密封、冷却的过程中会被外界细菌污染。

(C)普歇和巴斯德的实验设计都不够严密。

(D)干草浸液中含有一种耐高温的枯草杆菌，培养液一旦冷却，枯草杆菌的孢子就会复活，迅速繁殖。

(E)普歇和巴斯德都认为，虽然他们用的实验材料不同，但是经过煮沸，细菌都能被有效地杀灭。

27.张教授的所有初中同学都不是博士，通过张教授而认识其哲学研究所同事的都是博士；张教授的一个初中同学通过张教授认识了王研究员。

以下哪项能作为结论从上述中退出？(A）王研究员是张教授的哲学研究所同事(B)王研究员不是张教授的哲学研究所同事(C)我那个研究员是博士(D)王研究员不是张教授的初中同学28.一般将缅甸所产的经过风化或经河水搬运至河谷、河床中的翡翠大砾石，称为“老坑玉”。

老坑玉的特点是“水头好”、质坚、透明度高，其上品透明如玻璃，故称“玻璃种”或“冰种”。

同为老坑玉，其质量相对也有高低之分，有的透明度高一些，有的透明度稍差一些，所以价值也有差别。

在其他条件都相同的情况下，透明度高的老坑玉比透明度较其低的单位价值高，但是开采的实践告诉人们，没有单位价值最高的老坑玉。

2009MBA真题

2009年MBA参考答案2009年工商管理硕士专业学位研究生入学全国联考英语试题Part I Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best com pletes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet wi th a pencil.B1. The poor lady w as too and distressed to talk about the tragedy.A. engagedB. exhaustedC. ignorantD. energetic2. At first , the famous painting doesn't impress the audience at all.AA. glanceB. gazeC. stareD. view3. Delegates agree to the plan in , but there were some details they didn't ap prove.CA. disciplineB. theoryC. principleD. nature4. I took the medicine 10minutes ago, but the bitterness is still in my mouth. CA. scatteringB. fellingC. maintainingD. lingering5. Since the of human history, human beings have been asking questions like "What is the essence of life." CA. duskB. dustC. twinkle C. Dawn6. The eldest son all the family members to discuss how to celebrate the 5 0th wedding anniversary of their parents. CA. ClusteredB. resembledC. assembledD. rendered7. I must leave now. , if you want that book I'LL bring it you tomorrow.A. AccidentallyB. IncidentallyC. OccasionallyD. Subsequently8. My mother is a light sleeper, to any sound even as low as the humming of mosquito.A. alertB. acuteC. keenD. immune9. The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and wor kers.A. consistentB. consciousC. confidentialD. conscientious10. As an outstanding scholar, he has become to the research team.A. seniorB. juniorC. indispensable C. independent11. Sixteen days after the earthquake, 40people, in their village, were rescued.A. trappedB. confinedC. enclosedD. captured12. Working far away from home, Jerry had to from downtown to his office eve ryday.A. wandersB. commuteC. rambleD. motion13. The finance minister has not been so since he raised taxes to an unbearable level.A. famousB. favorableC. popularD. preferable14. It is unimaginable for someone in such a high in the government to behave so badly in public.A. situationB. positionC. professionD. appointment15. Information given to employees must be , clear and in easy-to-follow langu age.A．convenient B．continuous C．constant D．concise16. John was very upset because he was by the police with breaking the law.A. sentencedB. arrestedC. accusedD. charged17. David likes country life and has decided farming. AA. go in forB. go back onC. go along withD. go thro ugh with18. Jennifer has never really her son's death. It's very hard to accept the face t hat she'll never have a child.A. come to terms withB. come up againstC. come out withD. come down to19. A national debate is now about whether we should replace golden weeks wi th paid Vacations.A. in the wayB. by the wayC. under wayD. out of the way20. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he sel ects people and asks them questions.A. at easeB. at randomC. in essenceD. in sum Section ⅡCloze (10 points)Directions：For each monbared blank in the following passage, there are four choi ces marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and blacken the corresponding l etter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.In1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had 21 the $10 0 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge 22 from the dramatic growth of the ec onomies of china and India to widespread 23 in oil-producing regions, including Ira q and Nigeria's delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have 24 the economic and polit ical map of the world, 25 some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, 26 major importers—including China and India, home to a third of the world's population -- 27 rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central 28 of global politics. Countri es that need oil are clawing at each other to 29 scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, 30 how unpleasant, to do it .In many poor nations with oil, the profits are being, lost to corruption, 31 these co untries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments, 32 some in the west see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil 33,a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected coun tries are reaping benefits, 34 costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. 35 it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Ru ssia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia 36 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose 37 higher in the spring of 20 08, the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama 38 for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. A nd driving habits began to 39 ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transpo rt systems 40 the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues34. A. as many as B. Because C. Since D. As36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplied37. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly38. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding39. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform40. A. for B. from C. across D. overPart III Reading Comprehension (40%)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some q uestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresp onding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.PASSAGE1.Henric Ibsen, author of the play "A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless house wife abandons Her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are oblig ed to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms hav e obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or so c ompanies it affects are still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly r eceive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or f ace the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were fem ale, according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Euro pe or America's 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway's stock exchange and its main bu siness lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck, head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience, "be says. Several firms have even gi ven up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain t hat it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of t h e best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity i s that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies---they o ccupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in theoil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience. Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right w omen can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do the ir homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen, who was voted Norway's chairman of th e year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to .A. depict women's dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44. The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen's playC. women's status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2.While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can fee l particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Chil dren with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had g enerated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healin g addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own per sonal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine e ditor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, bu t Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat he r (Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer ro ad trips," she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin myparty," she writes. "There are just too many cool things to do and plan and live fo r."Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashion able hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gl oria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in y our illness. "people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3) probably refers to ________A. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________A. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGE 3Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Should a leader strive to be loved or feared? This question, famously posed by M achiavelli, lies at the heart of Joseph Nye's new book. .Mr.Nye, a former dean of t he Kennedy School of Govemment at Harvard and one-time chairman of America's National Intelligence Council, is best known for promoting the idea of "soft power", based on persuasion and influence, as a counterpoint to "hard power", based on coercion(强迫) and force.Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his pr evious books, Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between pow er and leadership, in both the political and business spheres .Machiavelli, he notes, concluded that "one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for th e two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved." In short, hard pow er is preferable to soft power. But modem leadership theorists have come to the o pposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing, the observe, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated. In modem companies and democracies, power i s increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等级制) are being undermined, ma king soft power ever more important. But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion. Mr.Nye argues. Instead, he advocates a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of The Powers to Lead, his survey of the the ory of leadership, is that a combination of hard and soft power, which he calls” smart power, is the best approach.The dominant theoretical model of leadership at t he moment is, apparently, the “tra nsformational leadership pattern. Anone allergic(反感) to management term will alrea dy be running for the exit, but Mr.Nye has performed a valuable service in roundin g up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadership into a single, slim volume. He examines different approaches to leadership, the moralit y of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effectiveness of a pa rticular leader. There are plenty of anecdotes and examples, both historical and co ntemporary, political and corporate.Also, leadership is a slippery subject, and as he depicts various theories, even Mr. Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall. He is at his most interesting when discu ssing the moral aspects of leadership in particular, the question of whether it is so metimes necessary for good leaders to lie -and he provides a helpful 12-point sum mary of his conclusions. A resuming theme is that as circumstances change, differ ent sorts of leaders are required; a leader who thrives in one environment may str uggle in another, and vice versa. Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadership offers no easy answers.51. From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr.Machiavelli's idea of hard power is ______.A. well accepted by Joseph NyeB. very influential till nowadaysC. based on sound theoriesD. contrary to that of modem leadership theorists52. Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to M r.Nye?A. Coercion is widespread.B. Morality is devalued.C. Power is no longer concentrated.D. Traditional hierarchies are strengthened53. In his book the Powers to lead, Mr.Nye has ermined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_____.A. authorityB. contextC. approachesD. morality54. Mr.Nye's book is particularly valuable in that it _____.A. makes little use of management termsB. summarizes various studies conciselyC. serves as an exit for leadership researchersD. sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders55. According to the author, the most interesting part of Mr.Nye's book lies in his _____.A. view of changeable leadershipB. definition of good leadershipC. summary of leadership historyD. discussion of moral leadershipPASSAGE 4Questions 56to 60are based on the following passage:Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S excels. But other struggles test those qua lities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the constructi on of the railroads? If American indulges in a bit of flag—when the job is done, th ey earned it.Now there is a similar challenge. Global Warming. The steady deterioration(恶化)of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by an y measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot a bout it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to redu ce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country th at tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on w hat might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight th an one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people an d stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too ofte n amount to native wish lists that could weaken American's growth. But let's assum e that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will alway s demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What wo u ld an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and bl ends pragmatism(实用主义)with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. "I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming," says Fred Krupp. "But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before."56. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Human wars.B. Economic crisis.C. America's environmental policies.D. Global environment in general.57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a cou ntry's coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is __________.A. of utmost importanceB. a fight no one can winC. beyond people's imaginationD. a less significant issue58. Judging from the context, the word "rub"(Line 1, Para.3) probably means______ _.A. frictionB. contradictionC. conflictD. problem59. What is the author's attitude toward America's policies on global warming?A. CriticalB. IndifferentC. SupportiveD. Compromising60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably deal w ith___________.A. the new book written by Fred KruppB. how America can fight against global warmingC. the harmful effects of global warmingD. how America can tide over economic crisisSection ⅣTranslation (20 points)Directions：In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.With the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrang ements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers’ excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institutio n along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely t o involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term pr ofits and revenue’s, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.Part V Writing (20%)Direction : It is known that text message（手机短信）has both advantages and dis advantages. Some people think it is a blessing, while others regard it as a hell. In this section, you are asked to write an essay on text messaging. You can take ei ther stand and provide specific reasons and examples to support your idea. You s hould write at least 150 words on ANSWER SHEET.作文解析：At present, there is no doubt that short message plays an increasingly importa nt role in our lives. We are all aware that, like everything else, short message hav e both favorable and unfavorable aspects.Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, in fes tivals, we can send short messages to wish good luck to other people we know. It brings us a lot of convenience. In addition, short message connects its users with the outside world. For example, some people subscribe weather forecast or news short messages, with them, people’s life will be greatly enriched.But it is pity that every coin has two sides. The disadvantages of short message can’t be ignored.We spend too much time on spelling our words and sending short messages that we can’t focus on our studies. Also, you will always be annoy ed by strangers’ short messages one after another.As is known to all, short message is neither good nor bad itself. In my opinio n, we can use it. But we shouldn’t spend too much time on it and don’t let it distu rb us from our lives.答案：ECRION I1-10 BACDD CBAAC 11-20 BBABD DBACBSECTION 221-30 CDDBC BDDBA 31-40 BACDA DBCACSECTION 341-50 BBAAC CCBCC 51-60 DCABD CAAACSECTION 4由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就受到密切关注.银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济.抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险.金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.2009年工商管理硕士专业学位研究生入学全国联考综合能力试题一、问题求解（本大题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分，在每小题的五项选项中选择一项）1、甲、乙两种商品，均以480元出售，甲赚了20％，乙赔了20％，则商店盈亏结果为（）A、不亏不盈B、亏了50元C、赚了50元D、赚了40元E、亏了40元2、北京奥运会某国的男女运动员人数之比为19：12，后增加了若干女运动员，使人数之比为20：13，又增加了男运动员，使人数之比为30：19，如果后增加的男运动员比先增加的女运动员多3人，则最后运动员的总人数为（）A、686B、637C、700D、661E、6003、某工厂定期购买一种原料，已知该工厂每天需要6吨原料，每吨的价格是1800元，每吨原料的保管等费用是3元，每次购买原料而需支付运费900元，若该厂要使平均每天支付的总费用最省，则应该（）天购买一次原料A、11B、10C、9D、8E、74、有3个试管A、B、C，分别装有一定量的清水，现将浓度为12％的溶液10克倒入A试管，混合后取出10克后倒入B试管，混合后再取10克倒入C 试管，最后A，B，C三个试管的浓度为6%,2%,0.5%, 则最初A，B，C三个试管盛水最多的是（）A、A试管，10克B、B试管，20克C、C试管，30克D、B试管，40克E、C试管，50克5、一艘轮船往返航行于甲、乙两码头之间，若船在静水中的速度不变，则当这条河的水流速度增加50％时，往返一次所需的时间比原来将（）A、增加B、减少半个小时C、不变D、减少一个小时E、无法判断6、方程的根是（）A、B、C、D、7、已知方程为，则b、c的值为（）A、2，6B、3，4C、－2，－6D、－3，－6E、以上结果都不正确8、已知，则（）A、B、C、D、9、现有36人，其中A血型12人，B血型10人，C血型8人，AB血型6人，从这36人中任选2人，则2人血型相同的概率为（）A、B、C、D、E、以上结论都正确10、湖中有4个小岛，恰好位于正方形的4个顶点，现要建3座桥连结4个小岛，则不同的建桥方案有( )种A、12B、16C、18D、20E、2111、在数列中，，，则是（）A、首项为2，公比为的等比数列B、首项为2，公比为2的等比数列C、既非等差数列也非等比数列D、首项为2，公差为的等差数列12、的斜边AB=13,直角边AC=5, ,将AC对折到AB上去与斜边重合，点C与点E重合，折痕为AD，（如图）则途中阴影部分的面积为（）平方厘米。

2009年MBA联考逻辑真题及答案

2009年MBA联考逻辑真题及答案（一）三、逻辑推理：本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。

下面每题所给出的五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

26. 某中学发现有学生课余用扑克玩带有赌博性质的游戏，因此规定学生不得带扑克进入学校，不过即使是硬币，也可以用作赌具，但禁止学生带硬币进入学校是不可思议的，因此，禁止学生带扑克进学校是荒谬的。

以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述论证？A.禁止带扑克进学校不能阻止学生在校外赌博。

B.硬币作为赌具远不如扑克方便。

C.很难查明学生是否带扑克进学校。

D.赌博不但败坏校风，而且影响学生学习成绩。

E.有的学生玩扑克不涉及赌博。

27. 甲.乙.丙和丁进入某围棋邀请赛半决赛，最后要决出一名冠军。

张.王和李三人对结果作了如下预测：张：冠军不是丙。

王：冠军是乙。

李：冠军是甲。

已知张.王.李三个中恰有一人的预测正确，以下哪项为真。

A.冠军是甲。

B.冠军是乙。

C.冠军是丙。

D.冠军是丁。

E.无法确定冠军是谁。

28. 除非年龄在50岁以下，并且能持续游泳三千米以上，否则不能参加下个月举行的花样横渡长江活动。

同时，高血压和心脏病患者不能参加。

老黄能持续游泳三千米以上，但没被批准参加这项活动。

以上断定能推出以下哪项结论？Ⅰ老黄的年龄至少50岁。

Ⅱ老黄患有高血压。

Ⅲ老黄患有心脏病。

A. 只有Ⅰ。

B. 只有Ⅱ。

C. 只有Ⅲ。

D. Ⅰ.Ⅱ和Ⅲ至少一个。

E. Ⅰ.ⅡⅢ都不能从题干推出。

29．一项对西部山区小塘村的调查发现，小塘村约五分之三的儿童入中学后出现中度以上的近视，而他们的父母及祖辈，没有机会到正规学校接受教育，很少出现近视。

以下哪项作为上述断定的结论最为恰当？A. 接受文化教育是造成近视的原因。

B. 只有在儿童期接受正式教育才易于成为近视。

C. 阅读和课堂作业带来的视觉压力必然造成儿童的近视。

D. 文化教育的发展和近视现象的出现有密切关系。

E. 小塘村约五分之二的儿童是文盲。

2009年10月MBA联考逻辑真题及答案汇总

2009年10月在职MBA联考逻辑真题及答案解析26.张先生：常年吸烟可能有害健康。

李女士：你的结论反映了公众的一种误解。

我的祖父活了96岁，但他从年轻时就一直吸烟。

以下哪项最为恰当地指出了李女士反驳中存在的漏洞？A.试图依靠一个反例推翻一个一般性结论。

B.试图诉诸个例在不相关的现象之间建立因果联系。

C.试图运用一个反例反驳一个可能性结论。

D.不当地依据个人经验挑战流行见解。

E.忽视了这种可能：她的祖父如果不常年吸烟可以更为长寿。

参考答案：D27.林斌一周工作五天，除非这周内有法定休假日。

上周林斌工作了六天。

如果上述断定为真，以下哪项一定为真？A.上周可能有也可能没有法定休假日。

B.上周林斌至少有一天在法定工作日上班。

C.上周一定有法定休假日。

D.上周一定没有法定休假日。

E.以上各项都不一定为真。

参考答案：A28.一批人报考电影学院。

其中，（1）有些考生通过了初试。

（2）有些考生没有通过初试。

（3）何梅和方宁没有通过初试。

如果上述三个断定中只有一个为真，以下哪项关于这批考生的断定一定为真？A.何梅通过了初试，但方宁没通过。

B.方宁通过了初试，但何梅没通过。

C.所有考生都通过了初试。

D.所有考生都没有通过初试。

E.以上各选项都不一定为真参考答案：A29.地球所在的太阳系的八大行星中，存在生命的就占了八分之一。

按照这个比例，考虑到宇宙中存在数量巨大的行星，因此，宇宙中有生命的天体的数量一定是极其巨大的。

以上论证的漏洞在于，不加证明就预先假设A.一个天体如果与地球类似，就一定存在生命。

B.一个星系，如果与太阳系类似，就一定恰有八个行星。

C.太阳系的行星与宇宙中的许多行星类似。

D.类似于地球上的生命可以在条件迥异的其它行星上生存。

E.地球是最适合生命存在的行星。

参考答案：C30.小李考上了清华，或者小孙未考上北大。

如果小张考上北大，则小孙也考上北大；如果小张未考上北大，则小李考上了清华。

如果上述断定为真，则以下哪项一定为真？A.小李考上了清华。

2009MBA真题

2009年MBA参考答案2009年工商管理硕士专业学位研究生入学全国联考英语试题Part I Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best com pletes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet wi th a pencil.B1. The poor lady w as too and distressed to talk about the tragedy.A. engagedB. exhaustedC. ignorantD. energetic2. At first , the famous painting doesn't impress the audience at all.AA. glanceB. gazeC. stareD. view3. Delegates agree to the plan in , but there were some details they didn't ap prove.CA. disciplineB. theoryC. principleD. nature4. I took the medicine 10minutes ago, but the bitterness is still in my mouth. CA. scatteringB. fellingC. maintainingD. lingering5. Since the of human history, human beings have been asking questions like "What is the essence of life." CA. duskB. dustC. twinkle C. Dawn6. The eldest son all the family members to discuss how to celebrate the 5 0th wedding anniversary of their parents. CA. ClusteredB. resembledC. assembledD. rendered7. I must leave now. , if you want that book I'LL bring it you tomorrow.A. AccidentallyB. IncidentallyC. OccasionallyD. Subsequently8. My mother is a light sleeper, to any sound even as low as the humming of mosquito.A. alertB. acuteC. keenD. immune9. The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and wor kers.A. consistentB. consciousC. confidentialD. conscientious10. As an outstanding scholar, he has become to the research team.A. seniorB. juniorC. indispensable C. independent11. Sixteen days after the earthquake, 40people, in their village, were rescued.A. trappedB. confinedC. enclosedD. captured12. Working far away from home, Jerry had to from downtown to his office eve ryday.A. wandersB. commuteC. rambleD. motion13. The finance minister has not been so since he raised taxes to an unbearable level.A. famousB. favorableC. popularD. preferable14. It is unimaginable for someone in such a high in the government to behave so badly in public.A. situationB. positionC. professionD. appointment15. Information given to employees must be , clear and in easy-to-follow langu age.A．convenient B．continuous C．constant D．concise16. John was very upset because he was by the police with breaking the law.A. sentencedB. arrestedC. accusedD. charged17. David likes country life and has decided farming. AA. go in forB. go back onC. go along withD. go thro ugh with18. Jennifer has never really her son's death. It's very hard to accept the face t hat she'll never have a child.A. come to terms withB. come up againstC. come out withD. come down to19. A national debate is now about whether we should replace golden weeks wi th paid Vacations.A. in the wayB. by the wayC. under wayD. out of the way20. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he sel ects people and asks them questions.A. at easeB. at randomC. in essenceD. in sum Section ⅡCloze (10 points)Directions：For each monbared blank in the following passage, there are four choi ces marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and blacken the corresponding l etter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.In1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had 21 the $10 0 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge 22 from the dramatic growth of the ec onomies of china and India to widespread 23 in oil-producing regions, including Ira q and Nigeria's delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have 24 the economic and polit ical map of the world, 25 some old notions of power. Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, 26 major importers—including China and India, home to a third of the world's population -- 27 rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central 28 of global politics. Countri es that need oil are clawing at each other to 29 scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, 30 how unpleasant, to do it .In many poor nations with oil, the profits are being, lost to corruption, 31 these co untries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments, 32 some in the west see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil 33,a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected coun tries are reaping benefits, 34 costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany. 35 it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Ru ssia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia 36 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose 37 higher in the spring of 20 08, the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama 38 for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. A nd driving habits began to 39 ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transpo rt systems 40 the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues34. A. as many as B. Because C. Since D. As36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplied37. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly38. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding39. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform40. A. for B. from C. across D. overPart III Reading Comprehension (40%)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some q uestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresp onding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.PASSAGE1.Henric Ibsen, author of the play "A Doll's House", in which a pretty, helpless house wife abandons Her husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved. From January 1st, 2008, all public companies in Norway are oblig ed to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors are women. Most firms hav e obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or so c ompanies it affects are still too male for the government's liking. They will shortly r eceive a letter informing them that they have until the end of February to act, or f ace the legal consequences---which could include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were fem ale, according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Euro pe or America's 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway's stock exchange and its main bu siness lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck, head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience, "be says. Several firms have even gi ven up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain t hat it has been difficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of t h e best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity i s that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegian companies---they o ccupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in theoil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience. Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and that in turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right w omen can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do the ir homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen, who was voted Norway's chairman of th e year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen's play in the first paragraph in order to .A. depict women's dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44. The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen's playC. women's status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2.While there's never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can fee l particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Chil dren with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she's discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had g enerated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healin g addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own per sonal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine e ditor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn't funny, bu t Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat he r (Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer ro ad trips," she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin myparty," she writes. "There are just too many cool things to do and plan and live fo r."Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashion able hospital gowns so you're not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gl oria Gaynor's "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in y our illness. "people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3) probably refers to ________A. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________A. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr's cancer tips we may infer that ________A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGE 3Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Should a leader strive to be loved or feared? This question, famously posed by M achiavelli, lies at the heart of Joseph Nye's new book. .Mr.Nye, a former dean of t he Kennedy School of Govemment at Harvard and one-time chairman of America's National Intelligence Council, is best known for promoting the idea of "soft power", based on persuasion and influence, as a counterpoint to "hard power", based on coercion(强迫) and force.Having analyzed the use of soft and hard power in politics and diplomacy in his pr evious books, Mr.Nye has now turned his attention to the relationship between pow er and leadership, in both the political and business spheres .Machiavelli, he notes, concluded that "one ought to be both feared and loved, but as it is difficult for th e two to go together, it is much safer to be feared than loved." In short, hard pow er is preferable to soft power. But modem leadership theorists have come to the o pposite conclusion.The context of leadership is changing, the observe, and the historical emphasis on hard power is becoming outdated. In modem companies and democracies, power i s increasingly diffused and traditional hierarchies(等级制) are being undermined, ma king soft power ever more important. But that does not mean coercion should now take a back seat to persuasion. Mr.Nye argues. Instead, he advocates a synthesis of these two views. The conclusion of The Powers to Lead, his survey of the the ory of leadership, is that a combination of hard and soft power, which he calls” smart power, is the best approach.The dominant theoretical model of leadership at t he moment is, apparently, the “tra nsformational leadership pattern. Anone allergic(反感) to management term will alrea dy be running for the exit, but Mr.Nye has performed a valuable service in roundin g up and summarizing the various academic studies and theories of leadership into a single, slim volume. He examines different approaches to leadership, the moralit y of leadership and how the wider context can determine the effectiveness of a pa rticular leader. There are plenty of anecdotes and examples, both historical and co ntemporary, political and corporate.Also, leadership is a slippery subject, and as he depicts various theories, even Mr. Nye never quite nails the jelly to the wall. He is at his most interesting when discu ssing the moral aspects of leadership in particular, the question of whether it is so metimes necessary for good leaders to lie -and he provides a helpful 12-point sum mary of his conclusions. A resuming theme is that as circumstances change, differ ent sorts of leaders are required; a leader who thrives in one environment may str uggle in another, and vice versa. Ultimately that is just a fancy way of saying that leadership offers no easy answers.51. From the first two paragraphs we may learn than Mr.Machiavelli's idea of hard power is ______.A. well accepted by Joseph NyeB. very influential till nowadaysC. based on sound theoriesD. contrary to that of modem leadership theorists52. Which of the following makes soft power more important today according to M r.Nye?A. Coercion is widespread.B. Morality is devalued.C. Power is no longer concentrated.D. Traditional hierarchies are strengthened53. In his book the Powers to lead, Mr.Nye has ermined all the following aspects of leadership EXCEPT_____.A. authorityB. contextC. approachesD. morality54. Mr.Nye's book is particularly valuable in that it _____.A. makes little use of management termsB. summarizes various studies conciselyC. serves as an exit for leadership researchersD. sets a model for contemporary corporate leaders55. According to the author, the most interesting part of Mr.Nye's book lies in his _____.A. view of changeable leadershipB. definition of good leadershipC. summary of leadership historyD. discussion of moral leadershipPASSAGE 4Questions 56to 60are based on the following passage:Americans don't like to lose wars. Of course, a lot depends on how you define just what a war is. There are shooting wars-the kind that test patriotism and courage-and those are the kind at which the U.S excels. But other struggles test those qua lities too. What else was the Great Depression or the space race or the constructi on of the railroads? If American indulges in a bit of flag—when the job is done, th ey earned it.Now there is a similar challenge. Global Warming. The steady deterioration(恶化)of the very climate of this very planet is becoming a war of the first order, and by an y measure, the U.S. produces nearly a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases each year and has stubbornly made it clear that it doesn't intend to do a whole lot a bout it. Although 174 nations approved the admittedly flawed Kyoto accords to redu ce carbon levels, the U.S. walked away from them. There are vague promises of manufacturing fuel from herbs or powering cars with hydrogen. But for a country th at tightly cites patriotism as one of its core values, the U.S. is taking a pass on w hat might be the most patriotic struggle of all. It's hard to imagine a bigger fight th an one for the survival of a country's coasts and farms, the health of its people an d stability of its economy.The rub is, if the vast majority of people increasingly agree that climate change is a global emergency, there's far less agreement on how to fix it. Industry offers its pans, which too often would fix little. Environmentalists offer theirs, which too ofte n amount to native wish lists that could weaken American's growth. But let's assum e that those interested parties and others will always bent the table and will alway s demand that their voices be heard and that their needs be addressed. What wo u ld an aggressive, ambitious, effective plan look like-one that would leave the U.S. both environmentally safe and economically sound?Halting climate change will be far harder. One of the more conservative plans for addressing the problem calls for a reduction of 25 billion tons of carbon emissions over the next 52 year. And yet by devising a consistent strategy that mixes and bl ends pragmatism(实用主义)with ambition, the U.S. can, without major damage to the economy, help halt the worst effects of climate change and ensure the survival of its way of life for future generations. Money will do some of the work, but what's needed most is will. "I'm not saying the challenge isn't almost overwhelming," says Fred Krupp. "But this is America, and America has risen to these challenges before."56. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Human wars.B. Economic crisis.C. America's environmental policies.D. Global environment in general.57. From the last sentence of paragraph 2 we may learn that the survival of a cou ntry's coasts and farms, the health of its people and the stability of its economy is __________.A. of utmost importanceB. a fight no one can winC. beyond people's imaginationD. a less significant issue58. Judging from the context, the word "rub"(Line 1, Para.3) probably means______ _.A. frictionB. contradictionC. conflictD. problem59. What is the author's attitude toward America's policies on global warming?A. CriticalB. IndifferentC. SupportiveD. Compromising60. The paragraphs immediately following this passage would most probably deal w ith___________.A. the new book written by Fred KruppB. how America can fight against global warmingC. the harmful effects of global warmingD. how America can tide over economic crisisSection ⅣTranslation (20 points)Directions：In this section there is a passage in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.With the nation’s financial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrang ements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers’ excessive risk- taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case, it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institutio n along the chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely t o involve different financial techniques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term pr ofits and revenue’s, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.Part V Writing (20%)Direction : It is known that text message（手机短信）has both advantages and dis advantages. Some people think it is a blessing, while others regard it as a hell. In this section, you are asked to write an essay on text messaging. You can take ei ther stand and provide specific reasons and examples to support your idea. You s hould write at least 150 words on ANSWER SHEET.作文解析：At present, there is no doubt that short message plays an increasingly importa nt role in our lives. We are all aware that, like everything else, short message hav e both favorable and unfavorable aspects.Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, in fes tivals, we can send short messages to wish good luck to other people we know. It brings us a lot of convenience. In addition, short message connects its users with the outside world. For example, some people subscribe weather forecast or news short messages, with them, people’s life will be greatly enriched.But it is pity that every coin has two sides. The disadvantages of short message can’t be ignored.We spend too much time on spelling our words and sending short messages that we can’t focus on our studies. Also, you will always be annoy ed by strangers’ short messages one after another.As is known to all, short message is neither good nor bad itself. In my opinio n, we can use it. But we shouldn’t spend too much time on it and don’t let it distu rb us from our lives.答案：ECRION I1-10 BACDD CBAAC 11-20 BBABD DBACBSECTION 221-30 CDDBC BDDBA 31-40 BACDA DBCACSECTION 341-50 BBAAC CCBCC 51-60 DCABD CAAACSECTION 4由于国家金融体制处于危机边缘动荡,一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划就受到密切关注.银行家们过度冒险是金融危机的至关重要原因,在历史上也有类似情况.在这种情况下,一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉,其实是一种债务泡沫经济.抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人,就把贷款瓜分了,并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构,这些做法都在利用高科技证券业,结果,却增加了抵押资产的风险.金融条例必须能应付这种能使银行下滑的,最不负责任的做法,以期扭转下一个危机,而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的技术和资产.但值得审视补偿金计划的根本问题,因为那是眼前利益,但却让银行家们不负责任的甘冒风险.2009年工商管理硕士专业学位研究生入学全国联考综合能力试题一、问题求解（本大题共15小题，每小题3分，共45分，在每小题的五项选项中选择一项）1、甲、乙两种商品，均以480元出售，甲赚了20％，乙赔了20％，则商店盈亏结果为（）A、不亏不盈B、亏了50元C、赚了50元D、赚了40元E、亏了40元2、北京奥运会某国的男女运动员人数之比为19：12，后增加了若干女运动员，使人数之比为20：13，又增加了男运动员，使人数之比为30：19，如果后增加的男运动员比先增加的女运动员多3人，则最后运动员的总人数为（）A、686B、637C、700D、661E、6003、某工厂定期购买一种原料，已知该工厂每天需要6吨原料，每吨的价格是1800元，每吨原料的保管等费用是3元，每次购买原料而需支付运费900元，若该厂要使平均每天支付的总费用最省，则应该（）天购买一次原料A、11B、10C、9D、8E、74、有3个试管A、B、C，分别装有一定量的清水，现将浓度为12％的溶液10克倒入A试管，混合后取出10克后倒入B试管，混合后再取10克倒入C 试管，最后A，B，C三个试管的浓度为6%,2%,0.5%, 则最初A，B，C三个试管盛水最多的是（）A、A试管，10克B、B试管，20克C、C试管，30克D、B试管，40克E、C试管，50克5、一艘轮船往返航行于甲、乙两码头之间，若船在静水中的速度不变，则当这条河的水流速度增加50％时，往返一次所需的时间比原来将（）A、增加B、减少半个小时C、不变D、减少一个小时E、无法判断6、方程的根是（）A、B、C、D、7、已知方程为，则b、c的值为（）A、2，6B、3，4C、－2，－6D、－3，－6E、以上结果都不正确8、已知，则（）A、B、C、D、9、现有36人，其中A血型12人，B血型10人，C血型8人，AB血型6人，从这36人中任选2人，则2人血型相同的概率为（）A、B、C、D、E、以上结论都正确10、湖中有4个小岛，恰好位于正方形的4个顶点，现要建3座桥连结4个小岛，则不同的建桥方案有( )种A、12B、16C、18D、20E、2111、在数列中，，，则是（）A、首项为2，公比为的等比数列B、首项为2，公比为2的等比数列C、既非等差数列也非等比数列D、首项为2，公差为的等差数列12、的斜边AB=13,直角边AC=5, ,将AC对折到AB上去与斜边重合，点C与点E重合，折痕为AD，（如图）则途中阴影部分的面积为（）平方厘米。

2009年199管综逻辑写作真题及答案(校对版)

2009年联考MBA联考真题三、逻辑推理（本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。

在下列每题给出的五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡．．．上将所选的字母涂黑。

）26．某中学发现有学生课余用扑克玩带有赌博性质的游戏，因此规定学生不得带扑克进入学校，不过即使是硬币，也可以用作赌具，但禁止学生带硬币进入学校是不可思议的，因此，禁止学生带扑克进学校是荒谬的。

以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述论证？A．禁止带扑克进学校不能阻止学生在校外赌博。

B．硬币作为赌具远不如扑克方便。

C．很难查明学生是否带扑克进学校。

D．赌博不但败坏校风，而且影响学生学习成绩。

E．有的学生玩扑克不涉及赌博。

27、甲、乙、丙和丁四人进入某围棋邀请赛半决赛，最后要决出一名冠军。

张王和李三人对结果作了如下预测：张：冠军不是丙。

王：冠军是乙。

李：冠军是甲。

已知张、王、李三人中恰有一人的预测正确。

以下哪项为真？A．冠军是甲。

B．冠军是乙。

C．冠军是丙。

D．冠军是丁。

E．无法确定冠军是谁。

28. 除非年龄在50岁以下，并且能维持游泳三千米以上，否则不能参加下个月举行的横渡长江活动。

同时，高血压和心脏病患者不能参加。

老黄能维持游泳三千米以上，但没有被批准参加这项活动。

以上断定能推出以下哪项结论？I 老黄的年龄至少50岁。

II 老黄患有高血压。

III 老黄患有心脏病。

A．只有I。

B．只有II。

C．只有III。

、D．I、II和III至少有一。

E．I、II和III都不能从题干推出。

29. 一项对西部山区小塘村的调查发现：小塘村约五分之三的儿童入中学后出现中度以上的近视，而他们父母及祖辈，没有机会到正规学校接受教育，很少出现近视。

以下哪项作为上述断定的结论最为恰当？A．接受文化教育是造成近视的原因。

B．只有在儿童时期接受正式教育才易于成为近视。

C．阅读和课堂作业带来的视觉压力必然造成儿童的近视。

D．文化教育的发展和近视现象的出现有密切的关系。

E．小塘村约五分之二的儿童是文盲。

200910月mbampacc真题及答案

•(7月31日前报名送在职MBA真题解析班)2009年十月在职MBA联考逻辑真题三、逻辑推理(每小题2分，共60分，从下面每小题所列的5个备选答案中选择一个，多选为错。

)26.张先生：常年吸烟可能有害健康。

李女士：你的结论反映了公众的一种误解。

我的祖父活了96岁，但他从年轻时就一直吸烟。

以下哪项最为恰当地指出了李女士反驳中存在的漏洞?A.试图依靠一个反例推翻一个一般性结论。

B.试图诉诸个例在不相关的现象之间建立因果联系。

C.试图运用一个反例反驳一个可能性结论。

D.不当地依据个人经验挑战流行见解。

E.忽视了这种可能：她的祖父如果不常年吸烟可以更为长寿。

27.林斌一周工作五天，除非这周内有法定休假日。

上周林斌工作了六天。

如果上述断定为真，以下哪项一定为真?A.上周可能有也可能没有法定休假日。

B.上周林斌至少有一天在法定工作日上班。

C.上周一定有法定休假日。

D.上周一定没有法定休假日。

E.以上各项都不一定为真。

28.一批人报考电影学院。

其中，(1)有些考生通过了初试。

(2)有些考生没有通过初试。

(3)何梅和方宁没有通过初试。

如果上述三个断定中只有一个为真，以下哪项关于这批考生的断定一定为真?A.何梅通过了初试，但方宁没通过。

B.方宁通过了初试，但何梅没通过。

C.所有考生都通过了初试。

D.所有考生都没有通过初试。

E.以上各选项都不一定为真29.地球所在的太阳系的八大行星中，存在生命的就占了八分之一。

按照这个比例，考虑到宇宙中存在数量巨大的行星，因此，宇宙中有生命的天体的数量一定是极其巨大的。

以上论证的漏洞在于，不加证明就预先假设A.一个天体如果与地球类似，就一定存在生命。

B.一个星系，如果与太阳系类似，就一定恰有八个行星。

C.太阳系的行星与宇宙中的许多行星类似。

D.类似于地球上的生命可以在条件迥异的其它行星上生存。

E.地球是最适合生命存在的行星。

•30. 小李考上了清华，或者小孙未考上北大。

如果小张考上北大，则小孙也考上北大;如果小张未考上北大，则小李考上了清华。

MPA2009年逻辑真题与答案

2009年10月MPA逻辑真题1、抗震等级高的房屋比抗震等级低的房屋更能抵抗地震。

但统计一下在地震中倒塌的房屋数量，房屋抗震等级高的城市和房屋抗震等级低的城市几乎一样。

以下哪项陈述对消除这种不一致最有帮助？A．不同城市对房屋抗震等级有不同的要求。

B．房屋抗震等级高的城市发生的地震更多。

C．房屋抗震等级高的城市发生的地震震级更大。

D．抗震等级达到一定标准的房屋在一般的地震发生时不会倒塌。

E．有些城市房屋的抗震等级没有达到要求。

2、班干部都参加了奥运志愿服务，小赵也参加了奥运志愿服务，所以，小赵是班干部。

以下哪项的推理和上文中的最相似？A．班干部都参加了奥运志愿服务，小刘没有参加奥运志愿服务，所以，小刘不是班干部。

B．高一（二）班排名前10的都考上了大学，小赵考上了大学，所以，小赵在高一（二）班排名前5。

C．2008年以后购买的电脑都安装了Vista系统，我的电脑安装了Vista系统，所以，我的电脑是2008年以后购买的。

D．学习成绩差的大学生不能参加国庆节广场联欢，小刘参加了国庆节广场联欢，所以，小刘成绩一定不错。

E．在超市购买商品的顾客都能得到公园门票，我想得到公元门票，所以，我一定要去超市购物。

3、某县最后公选出来的十几名乡镇长，大都为官员之后。

但经核查，他们当选符合相关程序，所以，公选没有问题。

以下哪项对上述论证的评价最为恰当？A．题干的论证是成立的。

B．题干的论证有漏洞，因为它把缺少证据证明某种情况存在当作有充分证据某种情况不存在。

C．题干论证有漏洞，因为它没有指出相关程序是什么。

D．题干论证有漏洞，它只依据“符合程序”这一必要条件，直接推出“公选没有问题”的结论。

E．题干论证有漏洞，在对某种现象的两种可供选择的解释中，通过肯定其中的一种，来否定另一种。

4、荔波是世界自然遗产，为保护世界自然遗产，荔波的旅游开发必须控制在一定的规模内，但这种有限度的旅游开发的收入不够支付保护世界自然遗产的费用。