2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题(4)
2018管理类联考：历年英语试题
2018管理类联考：历年英语试题2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题（8）2018考研，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考研的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。
下面是小编和考生分享的关于考研管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考!Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA,B,C,D on answer sheet1(10points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic ___1___ by the Word Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert ____2___ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3___ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is”____4____”in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, ____5___ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the ____6___ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global ____7____ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths ___8_____ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height ofa panic, cases began to ____9____ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade ____10____ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009,officials reported therewas___11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the____12____ tested are the new swine flu, also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu. In the U.S, it has____13____more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials ____14___ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began ___15___ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16___ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those ___17__ dose were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not ____18 ___ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other ___19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group，health care workers, people ___20____infants and healthy young people.1. [A]criticized [B]appointed [C]commented [D]designated2. [A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted3. [A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums4. [A]moderate [B]normal [C]unusual [D]extreme5. [A]with [B]in [C]from [D]by6. [A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor7. [A]reality [B]phenomenon [C]concept [D]notice8. [A]over [B]for [C]among [D]to9. [A]stay up [B]crop up [C]fill up [D]cover up10. [A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until11. [A]excessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent12. [A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples13. [A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injected [D]infected14. [A]released [B]relayed [C]relieved [D]remained15. [A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving16. [A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable17. [A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial18. [A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced19. [A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings20. [A]involved in [B]caring for [C]concerned with [D]warding off Section ⅡReading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. MBA加油站In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where thebail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporaryart fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”because ____-.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room --a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors —habits —among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,”Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever —had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day —chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins —are results of manufactured habits.A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cuesthrough relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of thelaw. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite orblue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurorsand required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSection ⅢTranslation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability”has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,”says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。
2018管理类联考英语真题词汇(详)
2018MBA联考英语真题100个句子记完7000词汇单个记英语词汇实在太——枯燥了！而且容易背了就忘。
于是，友课教育整理出这100个从历年真题中精心提炼的句子。
每天背一背，神清气爽，培养语感，记住单词用法，一举多得！第1组我发现年轻人令人振奋。
他们带有自由的气息，他们不会为狭隘的野心和贪婪享受而孜孜以求。
他们不是焦虑地向上爬的人，他们不会对物质性的东西难舍难分。
I find young people exciting.They have an air of freedom,and they have not a dreary commitment to mean ambitions or love comfort.They are not anxious social climbers,and they have no devotion to material things.I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations,and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket,they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.每次我听说体育运动能够在国家间建立起友好感情，说世界各地的普通人只要能在足球场或板球场上相遇就会没有兴趣在战场上相遇的话，我都倍感诧异。
It is impossible to say simply for the fun and exercise:as soon as the question of prestige arises,as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose,the most savage combative instincts are around.没有可能仅仅为了娱乐或锻炼而运动：一旦有了问题，一旦你觉得你输了你和你所属团体会有失体面时，你最野蛮的好斗本能就会被激发出来。
2018MBA英语真题-英语
2018年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. ThetwistHalf of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified ;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who kn ew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced t his effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fing ernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgustin g insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,s ays Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound cur iosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how th ey would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture w ere less likely to 17 to see such an results su ggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative e ffects of curiosity."Hsee other words,don't read on line comments.1. A. resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore. refuse B. wait C. seek D. regret. rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt. alert B. tie C. expose D .treat. message B. trial C. review D. concept. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A. ratherthan B. such asC. regardless ofD. owing to 10. A. disagree B. forgiveC. forgetD. discover 11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. schooling . begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to. withdrawal B. inquiry C.persistence D. diligence . self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive. resist B. define C. replace D. trace . predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty. whether B. why C. where D. how20.A .limitations B. investments C . strategies D. consequencesSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points）Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost asthough he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chainAs Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype, that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economicengine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle. We want more for our kids, and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point: That’s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor’s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When educationbecomes one-size-fits-all, it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.A. mechanical memorizationB. academic trainingC. practical abilityD. pioneering spirit22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successfulC. have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.A. are entitled to more “educational privilegesB. are reluctant to work in manufacturingC .used to have more job opportunitiesD. used to have big financial concerns24. The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all_____.A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_____.A. supportiveB. disappointedC. tolerantD. cautiousText2While fossil fuels- coal, oil, gas- still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted Business to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the stories about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the powergenerated in the US ,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “what happens when the wind doesn' t blow or the sun doesn'tshine" has provided a qui ck put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage-capacity of batteries is making their ability to ke ep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manuf acturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electricvehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarityon roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rap idly in coming years.While there's a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace ofchange in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does-or doesn't do-to promote alternative energy may mean less and l ess a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word "plummeting"(Line 3, is closest in meaning to ______A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America ______A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa,______.A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing —Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’ friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops of owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in themarketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them —and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce wheto Paragraph1，Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its 。
2018年管理类联考_历年英语试题
2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题（8）2018考研，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考研的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。
下面是小编和考生分享的关于考研管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考!Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA,B,C,D on answer sheet1(10points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic ___1___ by the Word Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert ____2___ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising _____3___ in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is” ____4____” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, ____5___ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the ____6___ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global ____7____ in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths ___8_____ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to ____9____ in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade ____10____ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009,officials reported there was___11__ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the ____12____ tested are the new swine flu, also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu. In the U.S, it has____13____more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials ____14___ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began ___15___ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16___ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those ___17__ dose were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not ____18 ___ for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other ___19__. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group，health care workers, people ___20____infants and healthy young people.1. [A]criticized [B]appointed [C]commented [D]designated2. [A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted3. [A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums4. [A]moderate [B]normal [C]unusual [D]extreme5. [A]with [B]in [C]from [D]by6. [A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor7. [A]reality [B]phenomenon [C]concept [D]notice8. [A]over [B]for [C]among [D]to9. [A]stay up [B]crop up [C]fill up [D]cover up10. [A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until11. [A]excessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent12. [A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples13. [A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injected [D]infected14. [A]released [B]relayed [C]relieved [D]remained15. [A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving16. [A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable17. [A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial18. [A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced19. [A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings20. [A]involved in [B]caring for [C]concerned with [D]warding offSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, “Beautiful Inside My Head Forever”, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries. MBA加油站In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”because ____-.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room --a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdotes while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men -- gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbandsto be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble,Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representativedemocracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSection Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him thatsustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder agency.It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move because that’s not my passion,”says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。
2018年管理类联考-英语真题+答案详解
2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark,A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that willobviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals thatthe need to know is so strong that people will ___2___ to satisfy their curiosity evenwhen it is clear the answer will___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University ofChicagoBooth School Of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students'willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that theresearcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the penswould ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-sevenwere told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the studentswho did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurredmore jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experimentsreplicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as thebasic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct —itcan ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such ___13___can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing anunpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These resultssuggest that imagining the ___18___ of following through on one's curiosity ahead oftime can help determine ___19___ it is worth the endeavor. “ Thinking aboutlong-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects ofcuriosity, e ” H says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2. A refuse B. wait C. seek D .regret3. A .rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4. A. alert B. tie C. expose D. treat5. A. message B.trial C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A rather than B. such as C. regardless D .owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. school12. A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13. A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14. A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive15. A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16. A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19. A. whether B. why C. where D. how20 .A. limitations B. Investments C. strategies D. consequences【答案】1. A resolve 8. A happen 15. A resist2. C seek 9. B such as 16. A predict3. D hurt 10. D discover 17.B choose4. C expose 11. C food 18. C outcome5. B trial 12. D lead to 19. A whether6. C deliver 13. B inquiry 20. D consequences7. D when 14. A self-destructiveSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing isnecessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuckwithgenerations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling abicycle.But he’also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands isseen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education“ have that stereotype ... that it ’ s for kids who can ’ t make it academically, On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’sevolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that theUS economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. Moreeducation is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor ’s degreesll–andforathe subtle devaluingof anything less –misses an important point: That ’ s not the only thing the American economy needs. Yes, a bachelor ’ s degree opens more doors. But even now, 54 percentof the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing, according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren ’equippedt to do them. Koziatek ’ s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’ s school is a wake-upcall. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, itrisks overlooking a nation ’ s diversity of gifts.21. A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students ___ ’lack ofA.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who ___A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD. have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ___B.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push intobachelor ’ s degrees for all ___A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author ’ s attitude toward Koziateschool can’s be described as ___A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousTest 2While fossil fuels –coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of the world ’ senergy supply, it ’ s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sourcesh suc as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businessesto fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panelshas dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in thepast eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated inthe US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path toeconomic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he won easily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message did not playwell with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent ofthe state ’ s electricity generationand where tech– giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “ whathappens when the wind doesn’blowt or the sun doesn’ tshine? ”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storagecapacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big betson battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roadsin 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’s a long way to go, the trend lines forrenewable are spiking. Thepace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up–perhaps just in time tohave a meaningful effect in slowing climate change. What Washington does – ordoesn’dot –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of aglobal shift in thought.26.The word “ plummeting(line3”.para2) is closest in meaning to ______.A. risingB.fallingC.changingD.stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_______.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa_____.A .wind is a widely used energy source B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels C.tech giants are investing in clean energy D.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storageB. It is commonly used in can manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D .Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environment changeC. is not really encouraged by the US government Dis not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’havet any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users ’friendships and social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to who was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of theWhatsApp groups in which Theresa May ’ s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon of Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied itmay have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. Butthere is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’ tpay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them–and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digital advertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they ’ re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm aphids for the honeydew that oozes from them when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’feelt like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.This article was amended on 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Apple whichwas not apt.31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____. A.digital productsB． user informationB.physical assetsC.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _____. A.worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author, competition law __A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. They are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the service is generally digitalD. the service are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate __A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author ofDeep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommends building ahabit of “ deep work-the ability” to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual ;or taking a“ journalistic ” approach to seizing momentsofdeep work when you can throughoutthe day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time andstick to it.Newport also recommends deep scheduling ”to combat constant interruptionsand get more done in less time. At any given point, I should have deep workscheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar, I protect this timelike Iwould a doctor ’ s appointment or important meeting, ” he writes. Anotherapproach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you priorities you ’-rein pd a rticulary how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author ofmessy: the power of Disorder to Transform Our lives, points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduatesinto two groups: some were advised to Set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goalsIn much more detail, day by day.While the researchersassumed that the well-structured daily plans would bemost effective when is come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: thedetailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitabledistractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embracedowntime, or as Newport suggests, “ be lazy ”.“ Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary togetting any work done, ” he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard medical school, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due tothe way our brains operate. When our brain switches between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.“ what people don ’ t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocused circuits in their brain ” , says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_____.A. seize every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific dailyplansD. Keep to your focus time37.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD. daily schedules are indispensable to studying38.According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brain ’ s shift between being focusedand inA. can bring about greater efficiencyB. can result in psychological well-beingC. is driven by task urgencyD. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about _______.A. Approaches to getting more done in less timeB. Ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeC. The key to eliminating distractionsD. The cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections：You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the mostsuitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45). Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET .（10 points）A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the "me too" sF. Pay a unique complimentG. Skip the small talkFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a newperson a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, and newpeople at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversationwith them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and start a conversation with strangers.41Suppose you are in the room with someone you don ’ t know & you look across the room and you see a stranger and something within you says that I want to talkwith this person & you know something that mostly happens with all of us, youwanted to say something the First word. It just won ’ t come out. It feels like it stuck somewhere and refused to come out. I know the feeling & here is my advice “ Just it out ”.Just think what the worst could happen. They won ’ t talk with you. Well they are not talking with you now.I truly believe that once you said first word everything else just gets flows. Sokeep it simple “ Hi ” , ” Hey” or Hello & do what the best person in you does gather allof the enthusiasm, the energy, put on a big smile and say “ Hi ”.42It ’ s problem all of us face; you have limited time with the person that you wantto talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “ h” , “ hello ” , “ how are you ” and going on? ” , you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don ’ t be afraid to ask more personal questions, Trust me, you ’ ll besurpristo see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43When you meet the person for the first time make an efforts to find the thingswhich you and that person is in common so that you can build the conversation fromthat point. When you start conversation from that point & then move outwards fromthere you will find all of the sudden that conversation become lot easier.44Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy theirphone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “ I can multitask So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communicationwholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact, you can feel theconversation.45 _______________You all came into a conversation where you met the person, but after some timeyou may have met again and you forgotten their name. Isn awkward!’ t thatSo remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with.Perhaps places they have been to, the places they want to go, the things they like,the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in theirwellbeing. So they feel responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That ’ s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almostanyone.Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with.参考答案及解析41.B Just say it.42.G Skip the small talk.43. E Find the “me too ’s.44. A Be Present.45.D Name，Place，Thing.46.Direction:In this section there is a test in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write yourtranslation on ANSWER SHEET. (15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from alist of occupations. He ticks “ astronautbut”quickly adds “ scientist to the” list andselect it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as manycareer paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to sciencefiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a reading “policy ” at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’stopped reading yet —not even afterbecoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays， his readingmaterial has changed from science fiction and reference book：recently， he revealedthat he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titlesbecause they explain how the world works. “ Eachbook opens up new avenues ofknowledge, ” Gates says.参考答案：一个五年级的学生得到一份家庭作业，作业要求是从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。
2018届管理类专业硕士研究生全国联考真题
2018届管理类专业硕士研究生全国联考真题一、问题求解：第1—15小题,每小题3分,共45分. 下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中, 只有一项是符合试题要求的. 请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑.1、学科竞赛设一等奖、二等奖和三等奖，比例为1：3：8，获奖率为30％、已知10人获得一等奖，则参加竞赛的人数为（A）300 （B）400（C）500 （D）550（E）600【答案】B2、为了解某公司员工的年龄结构，按男、女人数的比例进行了随机抽样，结果如下：根据表中数据估计，该公司男员工的平均年龄与全体员工的平均年龄分别是（单位：岁）（A）32，30 （B）32, 29.5（C）32, 27 （D）30, 27（E）29.5, 27【答案】A3、某单位采取分段收费的方式收取网络流量（单位：GB）费用：每月流量20（含）以内免费，流量20到30（含）的每GB收费1元，流量30到40（含）的每GB收费3元，流量40以上的每GB收费5元，小王这个月用了45GB的流量，则他应该交费（A）45元（B）65元（C）75元（D）85元（E）135元【答案】B4、如图，圆O是三角形ABC的内切圆，若三角形ABC的面积与周长的大小之比为1：2，则圆O的面积为【答案】A（A）π（B）2π（C）3π（D）4π（E）5π5、设实数,满足|-|=2，|-|=26, 则+=（A）30 （B）22（C）15 （D）13（E）10【答案】E6、甲、乙两人进行围棋比赛，约定先胜2盘者赢得比赛。
已知每盘棋甲获胜的概率是0.6，乙获胜的概率是0.4，若乙在第一盘获胜，则甲赢得比赛的概率为（A）0.144 （B）0.288（C）0.36 （D）0.4（E）0.6【答案】C7、如图，四边形平行四边形，,,,分别是四边的中点，,, ,分别是四边的中点，依次下去。
得到四边形序列（m=1，2，3…），设的面积为且=12，则+++…=（A）16 （B）20 （C）24 （D）28 （E）30【答案】C8、已知圆+=b，若圆C在点（1.2）处的切线与y轴的交点为（0.3），则ab=（A）1-2 （B）-1 （C）0 （D）1 （E）2【答案】E9、有96位顾客至少购买了甲、乙、丙三种商品中的一种，经调查：同时购买甲、乙两种商品的有8位，同时购买甲、丙两种商品的有12位，同时购买乙、丙两种商品的有6位，三种同时购买有2位，则仅购买一种商品的顾客有（A）70位（B）72位（C）74位（D）76位（E）82位【答案】C10、将6张不同的卡片2张一组分别装入甲、乙、丙3个袋子中，若指定的两张卡片要在同一组，则不同的袋法有（A）12种（B）18种（C）24种（D）30种（E）36种【答案】B11、某单位为检查3个部门的工作。
2018管理类联考_英语真题+答案详细讲解
2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语试卷二Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blankand mark, A.B.C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Whydo people read negative Internet commentsand do other things thatwill obviously be painful? Because humanshave an inherent need to ___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. Thenew research reveals that the need to know is so strong that peoplewill___2___ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answerwill___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School Of Business and the Wisconsin Schoolof Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed werefrom a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; anothertwenty-seven were told only that somewere electrified. ___7___ left alonein the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock themclicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew whatwould ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with otherstimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographsof disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the sameas the basic drives for ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is oftenconsidered a good instinct —it can ___12___ new scientific advances, for instance —but sometimes such ___13___ can backfire. The insight that curiositycan drive you to do ___14___ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a finalexperiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they wouldfeel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17___ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18___ offollowing through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine___19___ it is worth the endeavor. “Thinking about long -term ___20___is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity, ”H e says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2. A refuse B. wait C. seek D .regret3. A .rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4. A. alert B. tie C. expose D. treat5. A. message B. trial C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A rather than B. such as C. regardless D .owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D.discover 11. A. pay B. marriage C.food D.school12. A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13. A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D.diligence14. A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evidentD. self-deceptive15. A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16. A. predict B. overlook C. design D.conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend 18.A. reliefB. planC. outcomeD. duty19. A. whether B. why C. where D. how20 .A. limitations B. Investments C.strategies D. consequences【答案】1. A resolve 8. A happen self-destructive2. C seek 9. B such as 15. A resist3. D hurt 10. D discover 16. A predict4. C expose 11. C food 17.B choose5. B trial 12. D lead to 18. C outcome6. C deliver 13. B inquiry 19. A whether7. D when 14. A 20. D consequencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET.(40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to学习资料. . . .New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books andtests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer StacyTeicher Khadaroo in this week’s cover story. Whendid it becomeaccepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of theUnited States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothingis necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffiti desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family ofvocational education “have that stereotype ... that it ’s for kids who can’t make it academically, ”he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduateshas largely evaporated. More education is the new mantra. We want morefor our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor ’s deg rees for all –and the subtle devaluing of anything less – misses an important point: That ’s not the only thing the American economyneeds. Yes, a bachelor ’s degreeopens more doors. But even now, 54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing,according to the National Skills Coalition, a nonprofit advocacy group.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time whenthe working class has turned the countryon its political head, frustrated that the opportunity that oncedefined America is vanishing, one obvious solution is staring us in theface. Thereis a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs mostaren’t equipped to do them. Koziatek ’s Manchester School of TechnologyHigh School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomesone-size-fits- all, it risks overlooking a nation ’s diversity of gifts.21. A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students ’lack of ___A. mechanical memorizationB. academic trainingC. practical abilityD. pioneering spirit22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who___A. are financially disadvantagedB. are not academically successful学习资料D. have no career motivation23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates ___A. are entitled to more “educational privileges ”B. are reluctant to work in manufacturingC. used to have more job opportunitiesD. used to have big financial concerns24. The headlong push into bachelor ’s degrees for all ___A. helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD. indicates the overvaluing of higher education25. The author ’s attitude toward Koziate ’s school can be described as___A. supportiveB. disappointedC. tolerantD. cautiousTest 2While fossil fuels –coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of the world ’s energy supply, it ’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move torenewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account formore than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsightedbusinesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewable, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbinesby close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principalenergy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enoughelectricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing aremarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar poweraccounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, a state he woneasily in 2016, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that messagedid not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbinesdot the fields and provide 36 perce nt of the state ’s electricity generation –and where tech giants such as Facebook, Microsoft, andGoogle are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to powertheir data centers.The question “what ha ppens when the wind doesn ’t blow or the sundoesn’t shine? ” has provided a quick put -down for skeptics. But a boostin the storage capacity of batteries, and a dramatic drop in their cost, is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placingbig bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads in 2017, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there ’s a long way to go, the tr end lines for renewable are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up –perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climatechange. What Washington does – or doesn’t do – to promote alternativeenergy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word “plummeting”(line3.para2) is closest in meaning to ______.A. risingB. fallingC. changingD. stabilizing27. According to Paragraph 3.the use of renewable energy in America_______.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa_____.A .wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossilfuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of following in true about clean energy according to paragraphs5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storageB. It is commonly used in can manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D .Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environment changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of these companies is astonishing –Amazonhas just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foodsfor $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquirethe WhatsAppmessaging service, which doesn’t have any physical productat all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed tracery of its users ’friendships an d social lives. Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbersto Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as thedeal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, theknowledge of who sent them and to who was enormously revealing and stillcould be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want toknow the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May ’s enemiesare currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazonof Whole Foods is not so much the 460 shops it owns, or the distribution network, butthe records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalancesof power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared tothe pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem hasbeen addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, tobe replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptualproblem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious whenthe usersof these services don ’t pay for them. The users of their services arenot their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising fromthem –and Facebook and Google operate a virtual duopoly in digitaladvertising to the detriment of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they ’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some antsfarm aphids for the honeydewthat oozes from them whenthey feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives exude. Ants keep predatoryinsects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers outof our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a humanor democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.This article was amendedon 19 June 2017 to remove a reference to Apple which was not apt.31. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its_____.A. digital productsB．user informationB. physical assetsC. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may _____.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law __A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presciently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. They are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the service is generally digitalD. the service are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate __A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digitalgiants C. the benefits provided for digital giantscustomersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport,author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted Word, recommendsbuilding a habit of “deep work”-the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work-beit lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a dailyritual ;or taking a “journalistic ” approach to seizing momentsof deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is todetermine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends deep scheduling ”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar,I protect this time lik e I would a doctor ’s appointment or important meeting, ”he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink howyou priorities you ’re day -in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of messy: the power of Disorder to Transform Our lives, points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to Set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and goals In much more detail, day学习资料While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily planswould be most effective when is come to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the bestresults.In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need toembrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, “be lazy ”.“Idleness is not just a vacati on, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body...[idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done, ”he argues.Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard medical school, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brainswitches between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to bemore efficient.“what people don’t realize is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocused circuits in theirbrain ”, says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to_____.A. seize every minute to workB. list you immediate tasksC. make specific daily plansD. Keep to your focus time37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that____.A. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsB.detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expectedC. distractions may actually increase efficiencyD.daily schedules are indispensable to studying38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC. an effective way to save time and energyD. an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brain ’s shift between being focused and in focused____A. can bring about greater efficiencyB. can result in psychological well-beingC. is driven by task urgencyD. is aimed at better balance in work40. This text is mainly about _______.A. Approaches to getting more done in less timeB. Ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeC. The key to eliminating distractionsD. The cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections ：You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choosethe most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . （10 points ）A. Be presentB. Just say itC. Ask for an opinionD. Name, places, thingsE. Find the "me too" sF. Pay a unique complimentG. Skip the small talkFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which meanswhenyou have a conversation witha new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver,and new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply startinga conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the fit move and starta conversation with strangers.41Suppose you are in the room with someone you don ’t know & you lookacross the room and you see a stranger and something within you says thatI want to talk with this person & you know something that mostly happenswith all of us, you wanted to say something the First word. It just won’t comeout. It feels like it stuck somewhereand refused to comeout. I know the feeling & here is my advice “Just get it out ”.Just think what the wor st could happen. They won ’t talk with you.Well they are not talking with you now.I truly believe that once you said first word everything else justgets flows. So keep it simple “Hi” , ”Hey”or Hello & do what the best person in you does gather all of the enthusiasm, the energy, put on abig smile and say “Hi”.42It ’s problem all of us face; you have limited time with the personthat you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “h”, “hello ”, “how are you”and “what’s going on? ”, you will fail to give the initial joltto the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions, Trust me, you’llbe surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43When you meet the person for the first time make an efforts to findthe things which you and that person is in common so that you can buildthe conversation from that point. When you start conversation from thatpoint & then moveoutwards from there you will find all of the sudden that conversation become lot easier.44Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are justbusy their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask ”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact. Trust me, eye contact,you can feel the conversation.45 _______________You all came into a conversation where you met the person, but after sometime you mayhave met again and you forgotten their name. Isn ’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talkedwith. Perhaps places they have been to, the places they want to go, thethings they like, the things they hate-whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investorin their wellbeing. So they feel responsibility to you to keep thatrelationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation withalmost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with.参考答案及解析41. B Just say it.42.G Skip the small talk.43.E Find the “me too’s.44. A Be Present.45. D Name，Place，Thing.46. Direction:In this section there is a test in English. Translate it into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET. (15points)A fifth grader gets a homeworkassignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut ” but quickly adds “scientist ” to the list and select it as well. The boy is convinced thatif he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. Andso he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy ”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet —not evenafter becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays，his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference book：recently ，he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge, ”Gates says.参考答案：一个五年级的学生得到一份家庭作业，作业要求是从一系列职业中选择自己未来的职业道路。
2018考研英语真题原文及参考答案
2018考研英语真题原文及参考答案2018 考研英语真题原文及参考答案一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AWhen Steven Spielberg was a teenager, his parents moved to New Jersey, and he very much wanted to attend a local university. So Spielberg created his own student identification card that said he was 21 and then forged his birth date on his driver’s license (驾照) to match the ID card. With them, plus a tall frame, he got a job as an intern (实习生) with Universal Studiosin Hollywood.Spielberg had learned to direct movies while he was young, often using his family’s movie camera to shoot home movies. The studio, intrigued with him, let him develop his short (短篇的) film into a full-length one, Amblin'.A Universal executive saw the movie and eventually signed (签约) Spielberg to a directing contract. By the age of 20, he was the youngest director at a major studio.Steven Spielberg has gone on to direct many of the most successful movies ever released by Hollywood, including E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial,Jaws, Indiana Jones, and Saving Private Ryan. Today, he is considered one of the most successful and influential filmmakers in the history of cinema.16. What does the text mainly talk about?A. The success of Steven Spielberg’s movies.B. How Spielberg got a directing contract.C. Spielberg’s experiences working at Universal Studios.D. How Spielberg got into the university.17. What helped Spielberg to get a job as an intern?A. His parents’ support for his choice.B. His talent in directing movies.C. His forged identification documents.D. His previous experience at a major studio.18. What can we learn about Spielberg from the text?A. He was rejected by Universal Studios at first.B. Amblin' was developed from a short film.C. He shot E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial at home.D. He was already famous when he was a teenager.【答案与解析】16. 答案选 C。
2018年考研管理类联考试题及参考答案
2018年考研管理类联考试题及参考答案一、冋题求解：第L1列極费允 共輻分悔题给出的•臥c.叭E 五个 型页中.只有一顶是符合试鯉求內请在答軀卡上将ffift 顶的审母涂聽K 学科竟寒设一等奖、二等奖和三尊奖，比例为1：3： S,茯奖率为30%、已知10人获得 —等奖，则金力喳寒的人数为(A> 300 (B) 400 (C) 500 (D) 550(E) 6002、为了解某公司员工的年龄结村 按钛 女人数的比例进f 亍了随机抽样，结果如F ；男貝工年龄(岁)23 2620 30 3224362841女員工年龄(岁〉 23 2527272931根將表中数1B 估计，诙公司男员工的平均年龄与全体员工的平均年龄分別杲(单位：岁)(A) 32, 30 (B) 32. 29.5 (C) 32, 27 (D) 30, 27(E) 29_5, 273>某单位采馭分段吹務的方式收取朗络流量(单■位；GB)费用；每月流量其(创 以内 免魏，溢量加到30 ｛含)的埒GB 收我1元，浚量如到40 (含)的毎GBlft 费弐元，流 量40以上的每GB 收费' 元 小王这个月用了巧GB 的茨邑贝」他应该交費4$元 (B) 65元 (C) 75元 (D)阴元(E) 135 元斗.如凰圆O 是三角形ABC 的内切圆，若三角形ABC 的面积与周长的犬小之比为1： 23(B) 2JT (D) 47TCE) 57T5、设实数a 丄満足阳上|乜3-聞=迪则CAi 30 22 (C) 15 (D) 13CE) 100甲、乙两人曲亍围棋比第约定先胜2盘者蛊得比第已知毎盘楫甲茯胜的槪率是0®乙狂胜的探卒呈丄4,—盘狂匕 川甲嬴唱比暮葩播举力3 K(C) 3HO) 0.144 (B) 0.2SS(C)0.36 (D) 0.4<E) 0.67、如團，四边形4耳G D、平行四边形，4 ，C「D】分别是£ § C】。
2018年管理类联考_历年英语试题
2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题（8）2018考研，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考研的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。
下面是小编和考生分享的关于考研管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考!Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA,B,C,D on answer sheet1(10points)The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declareda global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic ___1___by the Word Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert ____2___ a n emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising _____3___in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is” ____4____” in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization’s director general, ____5___ the overwhelming majority ofpatients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the____6___ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global ____7____ in late April 2009, when Mexicanauthorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths___8_____ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of apanic, cases began to ____9____ in New Y ork City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade ____10____ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009,officials reported there was___11__ fluactivity in almost every state and that virtually all the ____12____ tested are the new swine flu, also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu. In the U.S, ithas____13____more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths andmore than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials ____14___ Tamiflu for children from the nationalstockpile and began ___15___ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16___ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made availablein early October 2009, though most of those ___17__ dose were of the FluMistnasal spray type, which is not ____18 ___ for pregnant women, people over 50or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other ___19__.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group，health care workers, people ___20____infants and healthy young people.1. [A]criticized [B]appointed [C]commented [D]designated2. [A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted3. [A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums4. [A]moderate [B]normal [C]unusual [D]extreme5. [A]with [B]in [C]from [D]by6. [A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor7. [A]reality [B]phenomenon [C]concept [D]notice8. [A]over [B]for [C]among [D]to9. [A]stay up [B]crop up [C]fill up [D]cover up10. [A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until11. [A]excessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent12. [A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples13. [A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injected [D]infected14. [A]released [B]relayed [C]relieved [D]remained15. [A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving16. [A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable17. [A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial18. [A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced19. [A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings20. [A]involved in [B]caring for [C]concerned with [D]warding offSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passageby choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien H irst, “Beautiful Inside My H ead F orever”, at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ā70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It wasa last hurrah. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldestbanks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising vertiginously since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion,reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings togethergreat wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matchedby few other industries. MBA加油站In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of thebanks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise ofmany art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed awayfrom galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most seriouscontraction in the market since the second world war. This time experts reckonthat prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have beenfar more volatile. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: “I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom.”What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there arestill buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, when interest rates were high, there was no demand e ven though many c ollectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first halfof 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said thatthe biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of goodwork to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waitingfor confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as “a last victory”because ____-.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoryiesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying “spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that_____ .A . collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worthbuying23.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsText2I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room --a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening oneman had been particularly talkative frequently offering ideas and anecdoteswhile his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk tothem. This man quickly concurred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She'sthe talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he explained. "When I come home from work I have nothingto say. If she didn't keep the conversation going we'd spend the whole eveningin silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men t end to talk more than women in public situations they often talk less at home. And thispattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late'70s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "DivorceTalk" that most of the women she interviewed -- but only a few of the men --gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the currentdivorce rate of nearly 50 percent that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most oftenfocused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of dailylife-support work like cleaning cooking social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me" "He doesn't talk tome." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbandsto be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share thisexpectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is thestereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with anewspaper held up in front of his face while a woman glares at the back of itwanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Shsring housework.27.Judging from the context ,the phrase “wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___ .A generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageDcreating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public tan womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesDa female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the mian idea of this text ?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists .B.Marriage break_up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wofe have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will mostprobably focus on ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creatingautomatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems, like hand washing with soap, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits,” Dr. Curtis said. “We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically.”The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble,Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many o f the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners,water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners,fabric softeners, vitamins — are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, becauseof canny advertising and public health campaigns, many A mericans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and nowoffice workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, oncebought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers areadvertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushingand putting on makeup.“Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter& Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other productslast year. “Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’lives, and it’s essential to making new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned inParagraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their effect on people’buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33.which of the following does NOT belong to products that help createpeople’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilver34.From the text wekonw that some of consumer’s habits are developed dueto _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35.the author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries;that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section ofthe community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a juryon account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants areentitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent theconscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representativedemocracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some s tates, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Althoughthe Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racialdiscrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. WestVirginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juriesprovided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until themid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for juryduty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personlly asked to have their names i ncluded on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection andService Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This lawabolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In thelandmark 1975 decision Taylor v. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to thestate level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in juryselection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same proceduresfor selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so—called elite jurors prior to 1968showed_____[A]the inadcquavy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some statesbecause_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federaljurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entirecommunity[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40.in discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and developmentSection Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15points)“Suatainability” has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful periodof unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him thatsustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action andchoice.Ning recalls spending aconfusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He’d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed onwith a Boulder agency.It didin’t go well. “It was a really had move b ecause that’s not my p assion,”says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack ofsales. “I was miserable, I had so much a nxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money a nd needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll trun the corner, give it some time.’”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。
2018管理类联考：历年英语试题
2018管理类联考：历年英语试题2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题（8）2018考研，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考研的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。
下面是小编和考生分享的关于考研管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考！Directions:Read the followi ng text.Choose the best word(s) for each nu mbered bla nkand markA,B,C,D on an swer sheet1(10po in ts)The outbreak of swi ne flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared aglobal epidemic on June 11,2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic ___ 1__ b ythe Word Health Organization in 41 years.The heighte ned alert __ 2 ___ a n emerge ncy meeti ng with flu experts inGen eva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising____ 3 _ in Britai n, Japa n, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is ”____ 4_ ” in severity, accord ing to Margaret Chan, the organization ' s director general, ____ 5 __ the overwhelming majority ofpatients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the___ 6 __ of any medical treatme nt.The outbreak came to global ___ 7 ___ in late April 2009, whe n Mexica n authorities no ted an unu sually large nu mber ofhospitalizati ons and deaths__ 8 ___ healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut dow n at the height of apanic, cases bega n to __ 9 ___ in New York City, the southwester n Un itedStates and around the world.In the Un ited States, new cases seemed to fade __ 10 ___ warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009,officials reported there was _ 11__ fluactivity in almost every state and that virtually all the ____ 12 ___ tested are thenew swine flu, also known as(A)H1N1, not seas onal flu. In the U.S, it has 13 m ore tha n one milli on people,a nd caused more tha n 600 deathsand more tha n 6,000 hospitalizatio ns.Federal health officials ___ 14 __ Tamiflu for childre n from the n ati onalstockpile and bega n __ 15 __ orders from the states for the new swi ne fluvacci ne. The new vacci ne, which is differe nt from the annual flu vacc in e, is 16 a head of expectati ons. More tha n three milli on doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those ____________________________ 17__ dose were of the FluMist n asal spray type, which is not ___ 18 ___ for preg nant wome n,people over 50 or those with breath ing difficulties, heart disease or several other 19__. But it was still possible to vacc in ate people in other high-riskgroup , health care workers, people ___ 20 ___ infants and healthy young people.1. [A]criticized [B]appoi nted [C]comme nted [D]desig nated2. [A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted3. [A]digits [B]n umbers [C]amou nts [D]sums4. [A]moderate [B]no rmal [C] unu sual [D]extreme5. [A]with [B]i n [C]from [D]by6. [A]progress [B]abse nee [C]prese nee [D]favor7. [A]reality [B]phe nomenon [C]c on eept [D ]no tiee8. [A]over [B]for [C]amo ng [D]to9. [A]stay up [B]erop up [C]fill up [D]eover up10. [A]as [B]if [C]u nless [D]u ntil11. [A]exeessive [B]e no rmous [C]sig nifica nt [D]mag nifice nt12. [A]eategories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples13. [A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injeeted [D]i nfected14. [A]released 回relayed [C]relieved [D]remai ned15. [A]plaei ng [B]deliveri ng [C]taki ng [D]givi ng16. [A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applieable17. [A]prevale nt [B]pri ncipal [C]i nno vative [D]i nitial18. [A]prese nted [B]restrieted [C]reeomme nded [D]i ntroduced19. [A]problems [B]issues [C]ago nies [D]sufferi ngs20. [A]i nvo Ived in [B]eari ng for [C]e oncerned with [D]wardi ng offSeetion n Reading eomprehensionPart ADirections:Read the follow ing four passages. An swer the questi ons below each passage by choos ing A, B, C and D. Mark your an swers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 poi nts) Text1The Ion gest bull run in a cen tury of art-market history ended on a dramatic n ote with a sale of 56 works by Damie n Hirst, “ Beautiful In side My Head Forever ”, at Sotheby ' s in London on September 15th 2008 (see picture). All but two pieces sold, fetchi ng more tha n 帝0m, a record for a sale by a sin gle artist.It was a last hurrah. As the aucti on eer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehma n Brothers, filed for ban kruptcy.The world art market had already bee n los ing mome ntum for a while after risi ng vertig ino usly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billio n, reck ons Clare McAn drew, foun der of Arts Econo mics, a research firm —double the figure five years earlier. Since the n it may have come dow n to $50 billio n.But the market gen erates in terest far bey ond its size because it brings together great wealth, eno rmous egos, greed, passi on and con troversy in a way matched by few other in dustries. MBA 加油站In the weeks and mon ths that followed Mr Hirst ' s sale, spe nding of any sort became deeply un fashi on able, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coin cided with the loss of thousa nds of jobs and the finan cial demise of many art-bu ying inv estors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of con temporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector —for Chin ese con temporary art —they were dow n by n early 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world ' s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby ' s and Christie ' s, had to pay out n early $200m in guara ntees to clie nts who had placed works for sale with them.The curre nt dow ntur n in the art market is the worst sincethe Japa nese stopped buying Impressi oni sts at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious con tract ion in the market since the sec ond world war. This time experts reck on that prices are about 40% dow n on their peak on average, though some have bee n far more volatile. But Edward Dolma n, Christie ' s chief executive, says:“I' m pretty con fide nt we ' re at the bottom. ”What makes this slump differe nt from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, whe n in terest rates were high, there was no dema nd eve n though many collectors wan ted to sell. Christie ' s reve nues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006.Almost every one who was in terviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the mome nt is not a lack of dema nd but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds —death, debt and divorce —still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keep ing away, wait ing for con fide nee to retur n.21.ln the first paragraph,Damie n Hirst's sale was referred to as “ a last victory ” because ___ -.A. the art market hadwit nessed a successi on of victoryiesB. the auct ion eer fin ally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC. Beautiful In side My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD. it was successfully made just before the world finan cial crisis22. By say ing “ spe nding of any sort became deeply un fashi on able ”(Line1-2,Para.3),the author suggests that ___ .A . collectors were no Ion ger actively invo Ived in art-market aucti onsB .people stopped every ki nd of spe nding and stayed away from galleriesC.art collect ion as a fashi on had lost its appeal to a great exte ntD .works of art in gen eral had gone out of fashi on so they were not worthbuyi ng23. Which of the follow ing stateme nts is NOT ture?A .Sales of con temporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B. The art market surpassed many other in dustries in mome ntum.C. The market gen erally went dow nward in various ways.D. Some art dealers were await ing better cha nces to come.24. The three Ds men ti oned in the last paragraph are __A. auct ion houses ' favoritesB. c on temporary trendsC. factors promot ing artwork circulati onD. styles represe nting impressio nists25. ________________________________________ The most appropriate titlefor this text could be __________________________A. FIuctuatio n of Art PricesB. Up-to-date Art Auctio nsC. Art Market in Decli neD. Shifted In terest in ArtsText2I was address ing a small gatheri ng in a suburba n Virg inialiv ing room -- a wome n's group that had in vited men to join them. Throughout the eve ning one man had bee n particularly talkative freque ntly offeri ng ideas and an ecdotes while his wife sat sile ntly beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the eve ning I comme nted that wome n freque ntly compla in that their husba nds don't talk to them. This man quickly con curred. He gestured toward his wife and said "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true" he expla in ed. "Whe n I come home from work I have nothing to say. If she did n't keep the con versati on going we'd spe nd the whole eve ning in sile nee."This episode crystallizes the irony that although America n men tend to talk more tha n wome n in public situati ons they ofte n talk less at home. And this pattern is wreak ing havoc with marriage.The patter n was observed by political scie ntist An drew Hacker in the late '70s. Sociologist Catheri ne Kohler Riessma n reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the wome n she in terviewed -- but on ly a few of the men -gave lack of com muni catio n as the reas on for their divorces. Give n the curre nt divorce rate of n early 50 perce nt that amounts to milli ons of cases in the Un ited States every year -- a virtual epidemic of failed conv ersati on.In my own research compla ints from wome n about their husba nds most ofte n focused not on tan gible in equities such as hav ing give n up the cha nee for a career to accompa ny a husba nd to his or doing far more tha n their share of daily life-support work like clea ning cook ing social arran geme nts and erran ds. In stead they focused on com muni cati on: "He does n't liste n to me" "He does n't talk to me."I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husba nds to be first and foremost conv ersatio nal part ners but few husba nds share this expectati on of their wives.In short the image that best represe nts the curre nt crisis is the stereotypical carto on sce ne of a man sitt ing at the breakfast table with a n ewspaper held up in front of his face while a woma n glares at the back of it wanting to talk.26. What is most wives' main expectati on of their husba nds?A. Talki ng to them.B. Trusti ng them.C. Support ing their careers.D. Shsri ng housework.27. Judg ing from the con text ,the phrase“wreaking havoc ”(Line3,Para.2)most probably means __ .A gen erati ng motivati on.B. exert ing in flue neeC. caus ing damageDcreat ing pressure28. AII of the followi ng are true EXCEPT ____A. me n tend to talk more in public tan wome nB. n early 50perce nt of rece nt divorces are caused by failed con versati onC. wome n attach much importa nee to com muni cati on betwee n couples Dafemale tends to be more talkative at home tha n her spouse29. Which of the followi ng can best summarize the mia n idea of this textA. The moral decay ing deserves more research by sociologists .B. Marriage break_up stems from sex in equalities.C. Husba nd and wofe have differe nt expectati ons from their marriage.D. Conv ersati onal patter ns betwee n man and wife are differe nt.3O.ln the followi ng part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on ______A. a vivid acco unt of the new book Divorce TalkB. a detailed descripti on of the stereotypical carto onC. other possible reas ons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D a brief in troduct ion to the political scie ntist An drew HackerTxet3over the past decade, many compa nies had perfected the art of creat ing automatic behaviors —— habits —— among con sumers. These habits have helped compa nies earn billio ns of dollars whe n customers eat sn acks, apply lotio ns and wipe coun ters almost without thi nking, ofte n in resp onse to a carefully desig ned set of daily cues.“ There are fun dame ntal public health problems, like hand wash ing with soap, that rema in killers only because we can ' t figure out how to cha nge people ' s habits, ” Dr. Curtis said. “ We wan ted to lear n from private industryh ow to create new behaviors that happe n automatically. ”The compa nies that Dr. Curtis tur ned to —Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Un ilever —had in vested hun dreds of millio ns of dollars finding the subtle cues in con sumers ' lives that corporati ons could use to in troduce new routi nes.If you look hard eno ugh, you 'll find that many of theproducts we use every day —chew ing gums, ski n moisturizers, disi nfecti ng wipes, air freshe ners, waterpurifiers, health sn acks, an tiperspira nts, colog nes, teeth white ners, fabric softe ners, vitami ns —are results of manu factured habits. A cen tury ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertis ing and public health campaig ns, many America ns habitually give their pearlywhites a cavity-preve nti ng scrub twice a day, ofte n with Colgate, Crest or one of the other bran ds.A few decades ago, many people did n ' drink water outside of a meal. Thenbeverage compa nies started bottli ng the producti on of far-off spri ngs,a nd now office workers unthinkin gly sip bottled water all day long. Chew ing gum, once boughtprimarily by adolesce nt boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshe ner and teeth clea nser for use after a meal. Sk in moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in betwee n hair brush ing and putt ing on makeup.“ Our products succeed whe n they become part of daily or weekly patter ns, ”said Carol Berning, a con sumer psychologist who rece ntly retired from Procter &Gamble, the compa ny that sold $76 billi on of Tide, Crest and other products last year.“ Creat ing positive habits is a huge part of impro ving our consumers ' lives, and it ' s essential to making new products commercially viab le. ”Through experime nts and observati on, social scie ntists like Dr. Berning have lear ned that there is power in tying certa inbehaviors to habitual cues through rele ntless advertis ing. As this new scie nee of habit has emerged, con troversies have erupted whe n the tactics have bee n used to sell questi on able beauty creams or un healthy foods.31. _____________________________________________________ Accord ingto Dr.Curtis,habits like hand wash ing with soap __________________ .[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be cha nged gradually[C] are deepiy rooted in history[D] are basically private concerns32. Bottled water,chew ing gun and skin moisturizers are men ti oned in Paragraph 5 so as to ___[A] reveal their impact on people ' habits[B] show the urge nt n eed of daily n ecessities[C] indicate their effect on people ' buying power[D] ma ni fest the sig nifica nt role of good habits33. which of the followi ng does NOT bel ong to products that help createpeople ' s habits?[A] Tide[B] Crest[C] Colgate[D] U nilver34. From the text wekonw that some of consumer ' s habits are developed due to ____[A] perfected art of products[B] automatic behavior creati on[C] commercial promoti ons[D] scie ntific experime nts35. _____ the author ' sattitude toward the in flue nee of advertiseme nt onpeople s habits is[A] i ndiffere nt[B] n egative[C] positive[D] biasedText4Many America ns regard the jury system as a con crete expressi on of crucial democratic values, in cludi ng the prin ciples that all citize ns who meet mini mal qualificati ons of age and literacy are equally compete nt to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected ran domly from a represe ntative cross secti on of the com mun ity; that no citize n should be denied the right to serve on a jury on acco unt of race, religi on, sex, or n atio nal orig in; that defe ndants are en titled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represe nt the con scie nee of the com mun ity and n ot just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surv iving example of direct rather tha n represe ntative democracy .In a direct democracy, citize ns take turns gover ning themselves, rather tha n elect ing represe ntatives to gover n for them.But as rece ntly as in 1986, jury selecti on procedures con flicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to pers ons of supposedly superior in tellige nee, educati on, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the Un ited States had prohibited inten ti onal racial discrimi natio n in jury selectio n as early as the 1880 case of strauder v. West Virgi nia,the practiceof select ing so-called elite or blue-ribb on juries provided a convenient way around this and other an tidiscrim in ati on laws.The system also failed to regularly in clude wome n on juries un til the mid-20th cen tury. Although wome n first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not un til the 1940s that a majority of states made wome n eligible for jury duty. Eve n the n several states automatically exempted wome n from jury duty uni ess they pers on lly asked to have their n ames in cluded on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that wome n were n eeded at home, and it kept juries un represe ntative of wome n through the 1960s.In 1968, the Con gress of the Un ited States passed the Jury Selecti on and Service Act, usheri ng in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educati onal requireme nts for federal jurors and required them to be selected at ran dom from a cross secti on of the en tire com mun ity .In the Ian dmark 1975 decisi on Taylor v. Louisia na, the Supreme Court exte nded the requireme nt that juries be represe ntative of all parts of the com mun ity to the state level. The Taylor decisi on also declared sex discrimi natio n in jury selecti on to be uncon stituti onal and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecti ng male and female jurors.36. From the prin ciples of theUS jury system,welearn that ____[A] both litcrate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B] defe ndants are immune from trial by their peers[C] no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D] judgme nt should con sider the opinion of the public37. The practice of select ing so —called elite jurors prior to 1968showed _____[A] the in adcquavy of an tidiscrim in ati on laws[B] the prevale nt discrimi natio n aga inst certa in races[C] the con flict ing ideals in jury selectio n procedures38. Eve n in the 1960s,wome n were seldom on the jury list in some states because ____[A] they were automatically banned by state laws[B] they fell far short of the required qualificati ons[C] they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D] they ten ded to evade public en gageme nt39. After the Jury Select ion and Service Act was passed. _[A] sex discrimi natio n in jury selecti on was uncon stituti onal and had to be abolished[B] educati onal requireme nts became less rigid in the selecti on of federal jurors[C] jurors at the state level ought to be represe ntative of the en tire com mun ity[D] states ought to conform to the federal court in reformi ng the jury system4O.i n discuss ing the US jury system,the text cen ters on ____[A] its n ature and problems[B] its characteristics and traditi on[C] its problems and their soluti ons[D] its traditi on and developme ntSection 川Translation46. Directio ns:In this secti on there is a text in En glish .Tra nslate it into Chin ese. Write your tran slatio n on ANSWER SHEET2.(15poi nts)“ Suata in ability ” has become apopular word these days,but to Ted Ning, the con cept will always have pers onal meaning. Having en dured apa inful period of un susta in ability in his own life made itclear to him that susta in ability-orie nted values must be expressed though everyday acti on and choice.Ning recalls spe nding aconfusing year in the late 1990s selli ng in sura nee.He ' d been though the dot-com boom and burst and,desperate for ajob,signed on with a Boulder age ncy.It did in ' t go well. “ It was a really had move because that ' s not my passion, ”says Ning, whose dilemma about the job transla ted, predictably, into a lack of sales. “ I was miserable, I had so much an xiety that I would wake up in the middle of the ni ght and stare at the ceili ng. I had no money and n eeded the job. Every one said, ‘ Just wait, you ' ll trun the corner, give it some time. '”翻译参考“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念一直有个人含义，经历了一段痛苦松懈的个人生活，使他清楚面向以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必须贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。
2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题(5)
2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题（5）2018考研，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考研的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。
下面是文编和考生分享的关于考研管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考!Section I Vocabulary (10 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.1.In some countries girls are still_____of a good education。
A deniedB declinedC denvedD deprived2. As the years passed，the memories of her childhood______away。
A fadedB disappearedC flashedD fired3. Brierley’s book has the________ of being both informative and readable。
A inspirationB requirementsC mythD merit4.If I have any comments to make，I’ll write them in the ______of the book I’m readingA edgeB pageC marginD side5. My________would really trouble me if I wore a fur coat。
2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题(7)
2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题（7）2018考研，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考研的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。
下面是小编和考生分享的关于考研管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考!Part I Vocabulary and Structure (10%)Direction: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.1. The poor lady was too and distressed to talk about the tragedy.A. engagedB. exhaustedC. ignorantD. energetic2. At fist , the famous painting doesn’t impress the audience at all.A. glanceB. gazeC. stareD. view3. Delegates agree to the plan in , but there were some details they didn’t approve.A. disciplineB. theoryC. principleD. nature4. I took the medicine 10minutes ago, but the bitterness is still in my mouth.A. scatteringB. fellingC. maintainingD. lingering5. Since the of human history, human beings have been asking questions like "What is the essence of life."A. duskB. dustC. twinkle C. Dawn6. The eldest son all the family members to discuss how to celebrate the 50th weddinganniversary of their parents.A. ClusteredB. resembledC. assembledD. rendered7. I must leave now, ,if you want that book I’LL bring it you tomorrow .A. AccidentallyB. IncidentallyC. OccasionallyD. Subsequently8. My mother is a light sleeper, to any sound even as low as the humming of mosquito.A. alertB. acuteC. keenD. immune9. The newly built factory is in urgent need of a number of skilled and workers.A. consistentB. consciousC. confidentialD. conscientious10. As an outstanding scholar, he has become to the research team.A. seniorB. juniorC. indispensible C. independent11. Sixteen days after the earthquake, 40people, in their village, were rescued.A. trappedB. confinedC. enclosedD. captured12. Working far away from home, Jerry had to from downtown to his office everyday.A. wanderB. commuteC. rambleD. motion13. The finance minister has not been so since he raised taxes to an unbearable level.A. famousB. favorableC. popularD. preferable14. It is unimaginable for someone in such a high in the govemment to behave so badly in public.A. situationB. positionC. professionD. appointment15. Information given to employees must be , clear and in easy-to-follow language.A.convenientB.continuousC.constantD.concise16. John was very upset because he was by the police with breaking the law.A. sentencedB. arrestedC. accusedD. charged17. David likes country life and has decided farming.A. go in forB. go back onC. go along withD. go through with18. Jennifer has never really her son’s death. It’s very hard to accept the face that she’llnever have a child.A. come to terms withB. come up againstC. come out withD. come down to19. A national debate is now about whether we should replace golden weeks with paidVacations.A. in the wayB. by the wayC. under wayD. out of the way20. When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects peopleand asks them questions.A. at easeB. at randomB. in essence D. in sumIn1999, the price of oil hovered around $16 a barrel. By 2008, it had 21 the $100 a barrel mark. The reasons for the surge 22 from the dramatic growth of the economies of china and India to widespread 23 in oil-producing regions, including Iraq and Nigeria’s delta region. Triple-digit oil prices have 24 the economic and political map of the world, 25 some old notions of power.Oil-rich nations are enjoying historic gains and opportunities, 26 major importers—including chinaand India, home to a third of the world’s population-- 27 rising economic and social costs.Managing this new order is fast becoming a central 28 of global politics. Countries that need oil are clawing at each other to 29 scarce supplies, and are willing to deal with any government, 30 how unpleasant, to do it .In many poor nations with oil , the profits are being ,lost to corruption, 31 these countries of their best hope for development. And oil is fueling enormous investment funds run by foreign governments, 32 some in the west see as a new threat.Countries like Russia, Venezuela and Iran are well supplied with rising oil 33, a change reflected in newly aggressive foreign policies. But some unexpected countries are reaping benefits, 34 costs, from higher prices. Consider Germany.35 it imports virtually all its oil, it has prospered from extensive trade with a booming Russia and the Middle East. German exports to Russia 36 128 percent from 2001 to 2006.In the United States, as already high gas prices rose 37 higher in the spring of 2008,the issue cropped up in the presidential campaign, with Senators McCain and Obama 38 for a federal gas tax holiday during the peak summer driving months. And driving habits began to 39 ,as sales of small cars jumped and mass transport systems 40 the country reported a sharp increase in riders.21. A. come B. gone C. crossed D. arrived22. A. covered B. discovered C. arranged D. ranged23. A. intensity B. infinity C. insecurity D. instability24. A. drawn B. redrawn C. retained D. reviewed25. A. fighting B. struggling C. challenging D. threatening26. A. and B. while C. thus D. though27. A. confine B. conflict C. conform D. confront28. A. problem B. question C. matter D. event29. A. look for B. lock up C. send out D. keep off30. A. no matter B. what if C. only if D. in spite of31. A. abolishing B. depriving C. destroying D. eliminating32. A. what B. that C. which D. whom33. A. interests B. taxes C. incomes D. revenues34. A. as many as B. as good as C. as far as D. as well as35. A. Although B. Because C. Since D. As36. A. advanced B. grew C. reduces D. multiplied37. A. even B. still C. rather D. fairly38. A. asking B. requesting C. calling D. demanding39. A. change B. turn C. shift D. transform40. A. for B. from C. across D. overPart III Reading Comprehension (40%)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.PASSAGE1.Henric Ibsen ,author of the play"A Doll’s House", in which a pretty, helpless housewife abandonsHer husband and children to seek a more serious life, would surely have approved.. From January Ist ,2008, all public companies in Norway are obliged to ensure that at least 40% of their board directors arewomen. Most firms have obeyed the law, which was passed in 2003.But about 75 out of the 480 or socompanies it affects are still too male for the government’s liking. They will shortly receive a letterinforming them that they have until the end of February to act , or face the legal consequences---whichcould include being dissolved.Before the law was proposed, about 7% of board members in Norway were female , according to the Centre for Corporate Diversity .The number has since jumped to 36%. That is far higher than the average of 9% for big companies across Europe or America’s 15% for the Fortune 500.Norway’s stock exchange and its main business lobby oppose the law, as do many businessmen." I am against quotas for women or men as a matter of principle," says Sverre Munck , head of international operations at a media firm. "Board members of public companies should be chosen solely on the basis of merit and experience,"be says. Several firms have even given up their public status in order to escape the new law.Companies have had to recruit about 1,000 women in four years. Many complain that it has beenDifficult to find experienced candidates. Because of this, some of the best women have collected as many as 25-35 directorships each, and are known in Norwegian business circles as the "golden skirts". One reason for the scarcity is that there are fairly few women in management in Norwegiancompanies---they occupy around 15% of senior positions. It has been particularly hard for firms in the oil, technology and financial industries to find women with a enough experience.Some people worry that their relative lack of experience may keep women quiet on boards, and thatIn turn could mean that boards might become less able to hold managers to account. Recent history in Norway, however, suggests that the right women can make strong directors. "Women feel more compelled than men to do their homework," says Ms Reksten Skaugen , who was voted Norway’s chairman of the year for 2007, "and we can afford to ask the hard questions, because women are not always expected to know the answers."41. The author mentions Ibsen’s play in the first paragraph in order to .A. depict women’s dilemma at workB. explain the newly passed lawC. support Norwegian governmentD. introduce the topic under discussion42. A public company that fails to obey the new law could be forced to .A. pay a heavy fineB. close down its businessC. change to a private businessD. sign a document promising to act43. To which of the following is Sverre Munck most likely to agree?A. A set ratio of women in a board is unreasonable.B. A reasonable quota for women at work needs to be set.C. A common principle should be followed by all companies.D. An inexperienced businessman is not subject to the new law.44.The author attributes the phenomenon of "golden skirts" to .A. the small number of qualified females in managementB. the over-recruitment of female managers in public companiesC. the advantage women enjoy when competing for senior positionsD. the discrimination toward women in Norwegian business circles45. The main idea of the passage might be .A. female power and liberation in NorwayB. the significance of Henric Ibsen’s playC. women’s status in Norwegian firmsD. the constitution of board members in NorwayPASSAGE2.While there’s never a good age to get cancer, people in their 20s and 30s can feel particularly isolated. The average age of a cancer patient at diagnosis is 67. Children with cancer often are treated at pediatric (小儿科的) cancer centers, but young adults have a tough time finding peers, often sitting side-by-side during treatments with people who could be their grandparents.In her new book Crazy Sexy Cancer Tips, writer Kris Carr looks at cancer from the perspective of a young adult who confronts death just as she’s discovering life. Ms. Carr was 31 when she was diagnosed with a rare from of cancer that had generated tumors on her liver and lungs.Ms. Carr reacted with the normal feelings of shock and sadness. She called her parents and stocked up on organic food, determined to become a "full-time healing addict." Then she picked up the phone and called everyone in her address book, asking if they knew other young women with cancer. The result was her own personal "cancer posse": a rock concert tour manager, a model, a fashion magazine editor, a cartoonist and a MTV celebrity, to name a few. This club of "cancer babes" offered support, advice and fashion tips, among other things.Ms. Carr put her cancer experience in a recent Learning Channel documentary, and she has written a practical guide about how she coped. Cancer isn’t funny, but Ms. Carr often is. She swears, she makes up names for the people who treat her ( Dr. Fabulous and Dr. Guru ), and she even makes second sound fun ("cancer road trips," she calls them).She leaves the medical advice to doctors, instead offering insightful and practical tips that reflect the world view of a young adult. "I refused to let cancer ruin my party," she writes. " Thereare just too many cool things to do and plan and live for."Ms. Carr still has cancer, but it has stopped progressing. Her cancer tips include using time-saving mass e-mails to keep friends informed, sewing or buying fashionable hospital gowns so you’re not stuck with regulation blue or gray and playing Gloria Gaynor’s "I Will Survive" so loud you neighbors call the police. Ms. Carr also advises an eyebrow wax and a new outfit before you tell the important people in your illness. " people you tell are going to cautious and not so cautiously try to see the cancer, so dazzle them instead with your miracle," she writes.While her advice may sound superficial, it gets to the heart of what every cancer patient wants: the chance to live life just as she always did, and maybe better.46. Which of the following groups is more vulnerable to cancer?A. Children.B. People in their 20s and 30s.C. Young adults.D. Elderly people.47. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______.A. Kris Carr is a female writerB. Kris Carr is more than 31-year-old.C. Kris Carr works in a cancer center.D. Kris Carr is very optimistic.48. The phrase "cancer posse" (Line 4, para.3 ) probably refers to ________A. a cancer research organizationB. a group of people who suffer from cancerC. people who have recovered from cancerD. people who cope with cancer49. Kris Carr make up names for the people who treat her because ________A. she is depressed and likes swearingB. she is funny and likes playing jokes on doctorC. she wants to leave the medical advice to doctorD. she tries to leave a good impression on doctor50. From Kris Carr’s cancer tips we may infer that ________A. she learned to use e-mails after she got cancerB. she wears fashionable dress even after suffering from cancerC. hospital gowns for cancer patients are usually not in bright colorsD. the neighbors are very friendly with cancer patientsPASSAGE3。
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2018考研管理类联考：历年英语试题（4）2018考研，真题是最有价值的参考复习资料，对于2018工商管理硕士考研的同学来说，大家一定要把真题多做几遍，这样才能够更好地理解出题的方向和模式，从而有助于自己合理的规划和安排自己的复习计划。
下面是小编和考生分享的关于考研管理类联考的英语试题，供考生们参考!Section I Vocabulary (10 points)Directions:There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.21. It is feared that people living near the power station may havebeen_____ to radiation.A. displayedB. releasedC. exploredD. exposed22. Some people are _____ into thinking that they like to store up energy.A. measuredB. coaxedC. deceivedD. delivered23. If you think your child“s request is _____, give him a chance to earn the money to buy the item.A. worthB. worthwhileC. worthyD. worthless24. Parental love should include , and so the teenager who is truly loved will receive guidance.A. disciplineB. acceptanceC. allowanceD. principal25. As a teacher you have to your methods to suit the needs of slower children. A. adopt B. adjust C. adapt D. acquire26. The public opinion was that the time was not for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.A. reasonableB. practicalC. readyD. ripe27. One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they have taken great _____ to educate their children.A. effortsB. painsC. attemptsD. endeavors28. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to her laughter.A. hold backB. hold onC. hold outD. hold up29. How does it that your answers are identical with his?A. come outB. come offC. come upD. come about30. There are a few small things that I don“t like about my job, but ______it’s very enjoyable.A. above allB. as usualC. by and largeD. by all means31. I provided you with the money. Why didn“t you ask me?A. could haveB. hadC. must haveD. ought to have32. no doubt that the effectiveness of the drug needs to be tested by many experiments.A. There beingB. It isC. There isD. It being33. Mary said that she ought not to have made her father angry, ?A. oughtn“t sheB. hadn“t sheC. wasn“t sheD. didn“t she34. We often go to the amusement park which is situated in a deserted field.A. that used to beB. that is used to beC. what used to beD. what is used to be35. After into the ward, the nurse at the desk asked me several questions.A. being wheeledB. I was wheeledC. wheelingD. having been wheeled36. Many a plant best in places where there is a great deal of shade.A. growsB. growC. has grownD. have grown37. The robber was brought to the judge, his hands _______.A. to be fast tiedB. were fast tiedC. having been fast tiedD. fast tied38. the diffusion of heat upward to the Earth“s surface, the temperature within the Earth remains constant.A. ThatB. DespiteC. IfD. When39. are inert outside living cells, but within the appropriate cells they can replicate, causing viral diseases in the host organism.A. VirusesB. That virusesC. Viruses, whichD. Despite viruses40. Only recently possible to separate the components of flagrant substances and to determine their chemical composition.A. it becomesB. having becomeC. has it becomeD. which becomesSection II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.The China boom is by now a well-documented phenomenon. Who hasn“t 41 the Middle Kingdom“s astounding economic growth (8 percent annually), its tremendous consumer market (1.2 billion people), the investment enthusiasm of foreign suitors ($40 billion in foreign direct investment last year 42 )? China is an economic wonder. 43 Nicholas Lardy of the Brookings Institution, a Washington D.C.-based think tank, “No country 44 its foreign trade as fast as China over the last 20 years. Japan doubled its foreign trade over 45 period; China“s foreign trade was quintupled (使成五倍). They“ve become thepre-eminent producer of labor-intensive manufacturing goods in the world." But there“s been 46 from the dazzling China growth story---namely, the Chinese multinational. No major Chinese companies have yet established themselves, or their brands, 47 the global stage. But things are now starting tochange. 48 100 years of poverty and chaos, of being overshadowed by foreign countries and multinationals, Chinese industrial companies are starting to make a mark on the world.A new generation of large and credible firms 49 in China in the electronics, appliance and even high-tech sectors. Some have 50 critical mass on the mainland and are now seeking new outlets for their production -- through exports and by building Chinese factories abroad, chiefly in Southeast Asia.41. A. listened B. listened to C. heard D. heard of42. A. alone B. aside C. along D. lonely43. A. As for B. As to C. Judging by D. According to44. A. has expanded B. did expand C. does expand D. expands45. A. 20-year B. a 20-year C. 20-years D. a 20 years46.A. something lost B. lost something C. something missing D. something missed47. A. at B. in C. over D. on48. A. Before B. After C. Since D. Behind49. A. emerge B. have emerged C. has emerged D. is emerged50. A. reached B. reached over C. reached out D. reached downSection III Reading comprehension (40 points)partADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Passage OneLess than 40 years ago in the United States, it was common to change a one-dollar bill for a dollar“s worth of silver. That is because the coins were actually made of silver. But those days are gone. There is no silver in today“s coins. When the price of the precious metal rises above its face value as money, the metal will become more valuable in other uses. Silver coins are no longer in circulation because the silver in coins is worth much more than their face value.A silver firm could find that it is cheaper to obtain silver by melting down coins than by buying it on the commodity markets. Coins today are made of an alloy of cheaper metals.Gresham“s Law, named after Sir Thomas Gresham, argues that "good money" is driven out of circulation by "bad money". Good money differs from bad money because it has higher commodity value.Gresham lived in the 16th century in England where it was common for gold and silver coins to be debased. Governments did this by mixing cheaper metals with gold and silver. The governments could thus make a profit in coinage by issuing coins that had less precious metal than the face valueindicated. Because different mixings of coins had different amounts of gold and silver, even though they bore the same face value, some coins were worth more than others as commodities. People who dealt with gold and silver could easily see the difference between the "good" and the "bad" money. Gresham observed that coins with a higher content of gold and silver were kept rather than being used in exchange, or were melted down for their precious metal. In the mid-1960s when the U.S. issued new coins to replace silver coins, Gresham “s law went right in action. 51. Why was it possible for Americans to use a one-dollar bill for a dollar“s worth of silver?A. Because there was a lot of silver in the United States.B. Because money was the medium of payment.C. Because coins were made of silver.D. Because silver was considered worthless.52. Today“s coins in the United States are made of ______.A. some precious metalsB. silver and some precious metalsC. various expensive metalsD. some inexpensive metals53. What is the difference between "good money" and "bad money"?A. They are circulated in different markets.B. They are issued in different face values.C. They are made of different amounts of gold and silver.D. They have different uses.54. What was the purpose of the governments issuing new coins by mixing cheaper metals with gold and silver in the 16 th century?A. They wanted to reserve some gold and silver for themselves.B. There was neither enough gold nor enough silver.C. New coins were easier to be made.D. They could make money.Passage TwoBy the mid-nineteenth century, the term "ice-box" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States: The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by someforward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new householdconvenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modem refrigerator, had been invented.Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.55. What is the main idea of this passage?A. The influence of ice on the diet.B. The transportation of goods to market.C. The development of refrigeration.D. Sources of the term "ice-box".56. According to the passage, when did the word "icebox" become part of the American language?A. In 1803.B. Around 1850.C. During the Civil War.D. Before 1880.57. The word "rudimentary" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaningto__________A. basicB. sufficientC. necessaryD. undeveloped58. The sentence "Thomas Moore had been on the right track" (para.3) indicates that__________A. Moore“s farm was not far away from WashingtonB. Moore“s farm was on the right roadC. Moore“s design was completely successfulD. Moore was suitable for the jobPassage ThreeToday, the computer has taken up appliance status in more than 42 percent of households across the United States. And these computers are increasingly being wired to the Internet. Online access was up more than 50 percent in just the past year. Now, more than one quarter of all U.S. households can surf in cyberspace.Mostly, this explosive growth has occurred democratically. The online penetration and computer ownership increases extend across all the demographic levels -- by race, geography, income, and education.We view these trends as favorable without the slightest question because we clearly see computer technology as empowering. In fact, personal growth and a prosperous U.S. economy are considered to be the long-range rewards of individual and collective technological power.Now for the not-so-good news. The government's analysis spells outso-called digital divide. That is, the digital explosion is not booming at the same pace for everyone. Yes, it is true that we are all plugged in to a much greater degree than any of us have been in the past. But some of us are more plugged in than others and are getting plugged in far more rapidly. And this gap is widening even as the pace of the information age accelerates through society.Computer ownership and Internet access are highly classified along lines of wealth, race, education, and geography. The data indicates that computer ownership and online access are growing more rapidly among the most prosperous and well educated: essentially, wealthy white people with high school and college diplomas and who are part of stable, two-parent households.The highest income bracket households, those earning more than $75,000 annually, are 20 times as likely to have access to the Internet as households at the lowest income levels, under $10,000 annually. The computer penetration rate at the high-income level is an amazing 76.56 percent, compared with 8 percent at the bottom end of the scale.Technology access differs widely by educational level. College graduates are 16 times as likely to be Internet surfers at home as are those with only elementary-school education. If you look at the differences between these groups in rural areas, the gap widens to a twenty-six-fold advantage for the college-educated.From the time of the last study, the information access gap grew by 29 percent between the highest and lowest income groups, and by 25 percent between the highest and lowest education levels.In the long nm, participation in the information age may not be a zero sum game, where if some groups win, others must lose. Eventually, as the technology matures we are likely to see penetration levels approach all groupsequally. This was true for telephone access and television ownership, but eventually can be cold comfort in an era when tomorrow is rapidly different from today and unrecognizable compared with yesterday.59. How many U.S. households have linked to Internet today?A. More than 25 percent.B. By 29 percent.C. More than 42 percent.D. More than 50 percent.60. According to the text, the computer use by the high-income level is that by the lowest income levels.A. 8 percent more thanB. 76.56 percent more thanC. nearly 10 times as many asD. about 20 times as many as61. According to the author, which of the following prevents people from gaining access to the Internet?A. Income level.B. Poor education and low-income level.C. Participation in the information age.D. Telephone access and television ownership.62. Judging from the context, what does "digital divide" (Dara.3) probably mean?A. The government's analysis.B. The divide between the poor and the rich.C. The pace of the information age.D. The gap between people's access to the computer.Passage FourJust over a year ago, I foolishly locked up my bicycle outside my office, but forgot to remove the pannier (挂蓝). When I returned the pannier had been stolen. Inside it were about ten of thelittle red notebook I take everywhere for jotting down ideas for articles, short stories, TV shows and the like.When I lost my notebooks, I was devastated; all the ideas I'd had over the past two years were contained within their pages. I could remember only a few of them, but had the impression that those I couldn't recall were truly brilliant. Those little books were crammed with the plots of award-winning novels and scripts for radio comedy shows that were only two-thirds as bad as the ones on at the moment.That's not all, though. In my reminiscence, my lost notebooks contained sketches for many innovative and incredible machines. In one book there was adesign for a device that could turn sea water into apple cider; in another, plan for an automatic dog; in a third, sketches for a pair of waterproof shoes with television screens built into the toes. Now all of these plans are lost to humanity:I found my notebooks again. It turns out they weren't in the bike pannier at all, but in a carrier bag in my spare room, where I found six months after supposedly losing them. And when I flipped through their pages, ready to run to the patent office in the morning, I discovered they were completely full of rubbish.Discovering the notebooks really shook me up. I had firmly come to believe they were brimming with brilliant, inventive stuff-- and yet clearly they weren't.I had deluded myself.After surveying my nonsense, I found that this halo effect always attaches itself to things that seem irretrievably lost. Don't we all have a sneaking feeling that the weather was sunnier, TV shows funnier and cake-shop buns bunnier in the not-very-distant past?All this would not matter much except that it is a powerful element in reactionary thought, this belief in a better yesterday. After all, racism often stems from a delusion that things have deteriorated since "they" came. What a boon to society it would be if people could visit the past and see that it wasn't the paradise they imagine but simply the present with different hats.Sadly, time travel is impossible.Until now, that is. Because I've suddenly remembered I left a leather jacket in an Indonesian restaurant a couples of years ago, and I'm absolutely certain that in the inside pocket there was a sketch I'd made...63. By "only two-thirds as bad as the ones on at the moment," the author means__________A. better thanB. as bad asC. worse thanD. as good as64. As soon as the author read me lost notebooks ,he_________A. reported the factB. found it valuelessC. registered the inventionsD. was very excited65. Which of the following would the author most probably agree with? __________A. Yesterday is better.B. Yesterday is no better than today.C. Self delusion sometimes is necessary.D. Things today have deteriorated.Part BDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then give short answers to the fivequestions. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET 2.A television ad features a ship drifting on a twinkling ocean as thevoice-over intones words to this effect, "When was the last time the world revolved around you?" Whenever my husband and I see this, we can't help but laugh. Pointing to our daughter, we shout, "When didn't it?"But it's a rueful chuckle(苦笑). Somehow our family does revolve around our child: her sports, her homework, her social commitments. My husband and I have lives too. It's just that we must fit them into whatever scrap of time is left over.Somewhere in the last two generations, we shifted our focus from marriage as the family foundation to children. It's been a subtle change, and you have to look closely to see its impact on marriage.Compare the time your parents spent exclusively together to the amount you and your mate do. Parents of earlier generations went out on Saturdaynights. Today's families cart the kids to parties with family friends. Is it good for the parents and kids to be together?Parents once supported each other's needs, and children's preferences came second. "Turn off that television. Your father deserves some peace when he comes home" and "No, you can't sit in the front. That's your mother's seat" were perfectly reasonable things to say. Many couples took half an hour at the day's end to share a drink and conversation. Children were expected to play independently.Bedroom doors were closed and parents' beds sacred. Sex was an adult secret enjoyed by parents who were confident that their children wouldn't walk in without knocking. Now, parents can't find time or privacy. Children centredness has gone too far.How did we make marital love second to parental love?The increasing balance of power between the sexes that resulted from women achieving more economic independence cut ruthlessly into the time women have for their children. A marriage-centred family was once afather-centred family. Parents spent time together when Dad came home. Today Mum might spend that half hour reading a story to her son. He too wants to reconnect, and in a child-centred family, that takes precedence. When time is limited, we put our children first.Dad's position has been eroded by the demands of an ever more competitive childhood. Child experts have shown us the benefits of early stimulation, socializing, being read aloud to. To afford a child these advantages requires 1000 gymnastics visits, music lessons, tutoring.Intellectual achievements are all fast-tracked now too. Children arrive in kindergarten having long since learned the letters and colours once lovingly taught during that first year of school. And good schools are the ones assigning more homework, requiring more parent participation.66. What is the-author's attitude towards children centeredness?67. Why does the author say "It's been a subtle change"?68. What does the word "erode" mean?69. Give examples to show "an ever more competitive childhood".70. Mention two factors that have made the shift from marital love to parental love.Section IV Translation (20 points)Directions:In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.March 27, 1997, dawned as a normal day at the Collins' home. By the middle of the morning, Jack Collins was at his desk, writing checks, paying billsthe way he always had: on time. Then the phone rang, and the nightmare began.(71) An investigator for a bank was on the line, asking in a severe voice why Collins, a university physicist, was late on payments for a $27,000 car, bought in Virginia the previous year. "I don't have a car like this," Collins protested. The last time he had set foot in Vir~nia was as an officer at a submarine base, three decades ago. But his name was on the contract, and so was his Social Security Number.During the months that ensued, he and his wife learned that someone had bought four more cars and 28 other items -- worth $113,000 in all m in their name. Their hitherto good credit record had been destroyed. (72) "After a lifetime of being honest," says Collins, "all of a sudden I was basically being accused of stealing and treated like a criminal."This is what it means to fall prey to a nonviolent but frightening andfast-growing crime: identity theft. It happens to at least 500,000 new victims each year, according to government figures.(73) And it happens very easily because every identification number you have m Social Security, credit cards driver's license, telephone m "is a key that unlocks some storage of money or goods," says a fraud (欺诈) program manager of the US Postal Service. "So if you throw away your credit card receipt and I get it and use the number on it, I'm not becoming you, but to the credit card company I've become your account."(74) One major problems experts say, is that the Social Security Number (SSN) –originally meant only for retirement benefit and tax purposes -- has become the universal way to identify people. It is used as identification by the military, colleges and in billions of commercial transactions.Yet a shrewd thief can easily snatch your SSN, not only by stealing your wallet, but also by taking mail from your box, going through your trash for discarded receipts and bills or asking for it over the phone on some pretext.Using your SSN, the thief applies for a credit card in your name, asking that it be sent to a different address than yours, and uses it for multiple purchases. A couple of months later the credit card company, or its debt collection agency, presses you for payment.You don't have to pay the debt, but you must clean up your damaged credit record. (75) Thatmeans getting a means getting a police report and copy of the erroneous contract, and then using them to clear the fraud from your credit reports which is held by a credit bureau. Each step can require a huge amount of effort.Section V Writing (20 points)Directions:In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below. You should write more than 120 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Family or Career。