法律翻译笔记

法律翻译笔记
〔一〕
房屋租赁property tenancy
预租pre-leasing
法定代表人legal representative
股权equity interest
purpose and business scope 宗旨及经营范围
contribution 认缴〔资本〕
non-compete(non-competition) 不竞争〔协议／条款〕
deadlock/impasse 僵局〔条款〕
interim meeting 临时会议
early termination 提前终止〔协议等〕
fair market value 公平市价
without regard to its conflict of laws provisions(OR without reference to conflicts of law principles)〔但〕排除冲突法的适用
waiver 弃权
headings 标题
subject to PRC laws 受中国法律约束
〔二〕
Agreement for Acquiring Increased Registered Capital 认购增资协议
Conditions Precedent 〔交易等的〕先决条件
without cause 无理由
to the best knowledge of 就……所知
encumber (property, etc.) 对〔财产等〕设定他方权利
time is of the essence 时间是关键要素
意向书letter of intent
多功能〔地产〕multi-purpose
综合性〔物业等〕complex
土地使用权land use right
合作经营公司Contractual/Cooperative Joint Venture 〔CJV〕
合资经营公司Equity Joint Venture (EJV)
尽力use its best efforts
促使cause...to...
预租pre-completion (NOT pre-leasing)
许可证permit (NOT approval)
可以对抗第三人be good against any claims made by any third party
商品房commercial/condominium (NOT commodity house)
尾款final payment
业主owner
法律翻译Tips
# 法律文件中列举项目的最后一项前的"or"或"and"表示充分或必要的逻辑关系，不可略译。

〔三〕
in consideration of... 作为……的对价
e.g. In consideration of the performance of its obligations hereunder, the Contractor shall be entitled to receive from ××× the Project Price;
作为发行其在本合同项下义务的对价，承包商应有权向×××收取工程款；
in form and substance 形式和内容上
losses and damages 灭失与损害
notwithstanding the foregoing 尽管有前述规定
without limiting the generality of... 在不限制……普遍性的情况下
create a mortgage or charge over... 在……上设立抵押或质押
call an interim Board meeting 召集董事会临时会议
withhold one's consent 不给予同意〔优于“保留其同意”〕
qualified 有资质的〔评估师、会计师等〕
to appraise the company as a going concern 按继续经营的状况评估公司
set forth 列明
Miscellaneous 〔合同条款〕其他〔事项〕
subject matter 〔所议〕事项〔非“标的”〕
non-disclosure 不披露
any other matters not expressly stated herein 本合同未尽事宜
expatriates (expats) 外籍职工〔从外国来本国工作，而非从本国去外国工作〕
claim 1)一般意义：索赔；2〕在专利或许可合同以及很多其他法律文件中，意为“权利主张”parent 在法律文件中如无特指，均指“母公司”，千万不可译为“父母”〔曾经犯过一次糊涂〕subject to Article * hereof 受本合同第×条约束
〔四〕
premises 场地
facilities 场地；工厂
credit note 贷记通知单
in substantially the same form as... 格式与……实质一致
substantially the same in all material respects 在所有重大方面实质相同
create...obligation 设立……义务
this Section 14 本第14条〔“本”字勿省略〕
compensatory damages 损害性赔偿金
caused their duly authorized representatives to 促使其正式授权代表……
offer/counter-offer 要约/反要约〔见于Agency Agreement〕(NOT 发盘/还盘)
closing 交割〔多见于股权转让、资产购买合同中〕
e.g. closing day 交割日pre-closing matters 交割前事项
The remainder of this page is intentionally left blank 本页以下无正文〔签字页见下页〕
jointly and severally as…… 一并和单独作为……〔NOT 连带责任〕
e.g. 在股权转让协议中的一方：jointly and severally as "Transferees"一并和单独作为“受让方”
imposed changes 被迫变更
in good faith 善意〔NOT 诚信〕
costs and expenses 成本和费用
amendment to amended and restated... ……修订及重述本
controlling, controlled by or under common control with... 控制××，受××控制或与××共同受另一〔实体〕控制的yy
unjust enrichment 不当得利
This contract shall be governed by and interpreted in accordance with PRC law. 本合同受中国法律管辖，并依中国法律解释。

〔五〕
subject to...在遵守……的前提下〔不建议译为“根据……”〕
upon termination of...一旦……终止〔优于“在……终止时”〕
changing of the shareholdings 股权结构变更(非“持股比例变化”)
beneficially owned 实益拥有
beneficial owner 实益拥有人
officers现译高级职员〔原译“管理人员”〕
diminution of goodwill 商誉下降(非“善意减少”)
on the face of this Agreement 在本协议首页
work product 工作成果
severance pay upon termination (of employment contract) 〔劳动合同〕终止时的经济补偿post-employment离职/卸任后〔非“雇用后”〕
release... to... (account)解付……到〔指定账户等〕
sibling 兄弟姐妹
brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law配偶的兄弟姐妹和兄弟姐妹的配偶
credit facility(ies) 信贷融通
e.g. short-term credit facilities...in moderate Hong Kong Dollar eight-figure range
金额在八位数港元范围内的短期信贷融通
……Provincial Bureau of Commerce……省商务厅〔注意这里的bureau应根据上下文译成“厅”，而非通常意义的“局”〕
a highly-valued customer 极为重要的客户
信函中的Re:现译为事由，原译为“关于”
subject matter 现译为标的，原译“所议事项”
writ of attachment or possesseion 扣押令或管有令
"full cashless exercise" method (in stock option incentive) 无现金全部行权方式〔期权奖励〕underlying 相关的
e.g. underlying shares 相关股份
encumbrances 现译产权负担，原译“权利障碍”
〔六〕
writ of attachment or possession 扣押令或管有令
full cashless exercise method (in stock option incentive program) 无现金全部行权方式underlying 相关的 e.g. underlying shares 相关股份
unless...除非……否则〔为说明逻辑关系，否则不可省〕
land parcel 地块
owned property 自有不动产
outstanding amounts 未偿款项
outstanding guarantees 未偿担保
系列产品product lines
e.g. ……系列产品product lines covering...
on-sale 转售〔法律英语中的特定用法，不能译为“促销”〕
completion 交割；成交e.g. completion date 成交日
fully discharged 全部清偿
for the avoidance of doubt 为防止疑义
representation and warranty 声明和保证〔原译“陈述和保证”〕
ancillary contract 配套合同
contemplated 拟议的〔原译“预期的”〕
e.g. the transaction contemplated by this contract 本合同拟议的交易
deed of non-compete undertakings 不竞争承诺契据
in respect of 就……而言
remedies 补救〔或译“救济措施”〕
in one's capacity as 以……身份
e.g. in his capacity as the Vendor 〔**〕以卖方身份
so far as practicable 在实际可行的范围内
without affecting the generality of the foregoing... 在不影响上述……一般性规定的前提下〔原译“普遍性”〕
then in effect 届时有效〔不译为“当时”〕
prevailing 届时的〔不译为“通行的”〕
at the time 届时〔不译为“目前”〕
financial instrument 金融工具〔不可误译为“财务报表”〕
sub-licensee 被分许可人〔不译为“分被许可人”〕
〔七〕
pursuant to 除常用的“依据……”之意外，还可根据上下文作“在……之后”解。

innure to the benefit of 对……有利or 有利于……〔优于“及于……的利益”〕
hereby 特此〔原译“在此”〕
net of 扣除〔有时译“不含”〕e.g. net of returns 扣除退货〔NOT “净收入”〕
represent XXX company in XXX (matter) 就XXX〔事项〕担任XXX〔公司〕的律师代表advise XXX company on XXX 就XXX〔事项〕为XXX〔公司〕提供法律咨询服务
entirely independent of the forum in which this Agreement or any part hereof may come up for construction, interpretation or enforcement
无论本协议或其任何部分在哪一管辖地进行诠释、解释或执行
〔关于carbon credit〕
carbon credit 碳排放额度
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) 清洁发展机制
Certified Emissions Reduction (CERs) 核证减排量
Emission Reduction Purchase Agreement (ERPA) 减排量购买协议
prepayment 在贷款协议中译“提前还款”，而不是“预付款”
advances 放款〔NOT “预支款”〕
the next item of business before the meeting会议上讨论的下一事项〔此处before=at，不可译“之前”〕
promissory fraud 票据欺诈〔NOT “约定欺诈”〕
necessary or desirable 必需或可取的
incidental or consequential damages 附带或后果性的损害赔偿
indirec, special, punitive or exemplary damages 间接、特别、惩罚性或惩戒性的损害赔偿predictated on = based on 基于，依据
factual predicate 事实认定
fail of their essential purpose 未实现其基本目的
service mark 服务标志
trade name 商号〔NOT “商品名称”〕
publicity 宣传
press release 新闻稿
reportable transaction 应申报交易〔优于“可报告交易”〕
Exhibit A attached hereto and incorporated herein by this reference 附件A〔经此处提及并纳入本协议〕
free and clear of any encumbrances, charges, liens or other rights or claims 不含有任何产权负
担、抵押、留置权或其他权利或权利要求
validity, construction and performance of this Contract 本合同的效力、释义和履行
all the paid-in registerred capital 全部已缴付注册资本
errors or omissions 错误或疏忽
gross negligence 重大过失
willful misconduct 故意不当行为〔优于“有意……”〕
successor and permitted assigns 继承人和获准受让人
effect of termination 终止效力
to the extent permitted by law 在法律允许的范围内
inreparable harm 不可弥补的伤害
organization chart 组织结构图
〔八〕
may be subject to可能会发生……
in sb's sole reasonable discretion XX自行合理认定〔不译“全权”〕
act upon sth 依……行事〔不译“行动”〕
invoice date 账单日期〔不译“开票日期”〕
(use the software) in a service bureau or time sharing arrangement 在外包服务机构或分时安排中〔使用软件〕
identified 指明为〔不译“认定为”或“确定为”〕
uses the same degree of care in safeguarding such information as it uses for its own information of like importance 对此等信息加以审慎保护，如同保护其自身同等重要的信息一样applicable 相关的〔“适用法律”除外〕
registration statement 注册说明书
automatically renew for additional one year periods 逐年自动续期一年
receiver 〔破产〕财产管理人〔不译“接收人”〕
supporting documentation 辅助文档〔不译“证明文件”〕
all jurisdictional and venue defences 所有管辖权及审判地抗辩
overnight courier service 次日快递服务〔不译“隔夜快递”〕
independent contractor 独立缔约方〔不译“承包商”〕
couterparts 复本〔不译“副本”〕
current income tax liabilities 当期所得税负债
being an office or record 〔作为〕官方登记机构
net of 扣除〔不译“不含”〕
This Agreement shall be executed in English and Chinese 本协议签署中英文文本〔不译“本协议应以英文和中文签署”〕
the presiding arbitrator shall not be a current or former national of either the USA or the PRC 首
席仲裁员目前和过去的国籍均不得为美国或中国国籍〔不译“首席仲裁员不得为美国或中国的现国民或前国民”〕
damages 损害赔偿
liquidated damages 预定违约金
non-compete 竞业禁止/不竞争
incorporated 注册成立〔不译“设立”〕
as defined below 定义见下文〔不译“如下文定义”〕
xxx percent of fully paid-in registered capital interest in the Company 目标公司全部实缴注册资本百分之XXX的权益
operating company 运营公司
use its (his/her, etc.) best efforts 尽其最大努力
pay in lieu of notice 支付代通知金
term sheet 条款书〔其他译法：原则性条款、主要条款等〕
turnaround 重组
vis-avis 面对e.g. obligations vis-avis xxx 对XXX的义务
xxx(e.g. rep office)operate under xxx (e.g. FICE)= operate under the name of 以……名义从事经营
right of attribution 署名权
mutual termination contract/agreement 共同终止合同/协议
mandatory general offer 强制性全面要约〔公司收购〕
technical expertise and know-how 专门技术知识和诀窍
expertise and experience 专业知识和经验
grossed up 返计复原
insurance portfolios 保险业务
provisions 规定〔cf. terms 条款conditions 条件〕
on the account of 为……
on one's own account 为其自身
absent from work without authorization or reasonable reason 擅自缺勤或无合理理由缺勤managing director 常务董事〔不译“董事总经理”〕
without prejudice 〔出现在律师函上〕内容不具约束力
〔九〕
housing loan interest subsidy 房贷利息补贴
for cause 因故
to apply mutatis mutandis (to) 在细节上做必要修改后适用〔于〕
lock-up 禁售
mandatory law 强行法
in case of gaps in this Agreement在本协议中如有漏洞
A's representation on the board of directors of B A向B董事会委派代表担任董事
subject matter or diversity jurisdiction 〔美〕联邦诉讼标的或联邦法院管辖权
personal jurisdiction属人管辖权
incorporated by reference经在此提及而并入……的……
duty of trust and confidence忠实和保密义务
earnings threshold〔所得税〕起征点
Lower Earnings Limit (LEL)〔英〕底限收入
Upper Earnings Limit (UEL)〔英〕上限收入
on even date于本协议同一日
good, valid and marketable title to...对……拥有合法、有效和适销的所有权
like or similar同类或类似
cross default交叉违约〔NOT 连带〕
rights and remedies权利和救济
original issue初〔原〕始发行〔股份〕
e.g. countersign as or register as original issue, 作为原始股份进行确认或登记
transfer agent过户代理〔NOT 转让〕
insolvency资不抵债cf.bankruptcy(破产)
excusable delay可免责的延迟
without undue delay不得无故拖延
any action taken or omitted to be taken 采取或未能采取的任何行动
personal representatives and successors 遗产代理人和继承人〔NOT 个人代表〕
free from all liens, charges and encumbrances 不附带任何留置权、押记和产权负担
long stop date 最后期限日
to submit or entice away招徕或挖走
〔十〕
•Lost savings未实现的节约
Arm’s length service contract公平服务合同
Merger or consolidation吸收合并或新设合并
Registration statement 上市登记表
Release免责函
Notice pay 代通知金
Severance pay 离职〔经济〕补偿
Severance plan 离职计划
Post-contractual 合同终止后〔NOT 合同签订后〕的cf. post-employment
In good order and standing 处于良好的工作状态〔standing无需译为“符合各项规定”〕Statutory or contractual payment法定或合同规定的付款
Inure to the benefit of以……为受益人
Without regard to the principles of conflict of laws但不考虑其法律冲突原则
By operation of law通过〔因〕法律的施行〔实施〕
(appointment of) representatives to the Board向〔XXX公司〕董事会委派董事〔NOT 代表〕(It is) noted that… 兹指出
(it is) resolved that…兹决议
(Company may) … on any ground and in any circumstance allowable under the law在法律允许的范围内，〔公司可以〕在任何情形下、以任何理由……
Free cash return on equity自由现金形式的股本回报
By or on behalf of由……或其代表〔or由……或代表……，NOT 由或代表……〕
For avoidance of doubt为防止歧义/疑义
Rounded up/down to the next向上/下取整为
Duly organized, validly existing and in good standing正式组建、有效存续且资格完备
Break date 中止日cf. Long stop date(an obligation, etc.)
enforceable against or recoverable from对……强制执行或由……赔偿
Hold oneself out as …自称为……
As an inducement for/to…为了吸引/促成……
Appear on its face从外表上看
Backup withholding备用预扣税〔见于W-8BEN或W-9表格〕
Central bank of issue 国外指定银行〔见于W-8BEN或W-9表格，NOT发钞中央银行〕Sweep feature 自动转存功能〔见于W-8BEN或W-9表格，NOT扫描特征〕
Land grant土地出让〔better than 授予〕
Land grant term 土地出让期限
Operative provisions正文〔主体条款〕
〔十一〕
omnibus resolution 综合决议
on the ground 当地的e.g. ~ resources, etc.
withhold payments 拒付款项(NOT 预扣)
cf. which (i.e. consent)shall not be unreasonably withheld 不得无理拒绝给予同意
sell-to-cover exercise 以出售支付的方式行权〔股票期权计划〕
cashless sell-all method 无现金全部出售〔行权〕方式
specific performance 特定/强制履行
trading as (abbr. TA) 以……名义经营〔常见于签字页〕
cf. Doing Business As (abbr. DBA) 经营名称
arm's length (transaction, deal, etc.) principle 公平交易原则
arm's length pricing 公平定价
flexible working hour system 不定时工作制
out of and in connection with 因……而产生且与其相关的〔这里的out of=because of〕
with X month notice to a month's end 提前X个月通知〔自通知当月结束后起算〕capitalised terms 定义词〔better than“大写词”〕
...that otherwise would be issued 本应发放的〔注意otherwise的含义〕
sell-down 减持〔股票〕
deposited in xxx/paid to xxx for value on (DATE) 按……〔日期〕价值支付给/存入……borrower/lender 借款人/贷款人
cf. borrowings/loans 借款/贷款
opening statement 期初报表
as consideration for (among other good and valuable consideration the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged)... 作为针对……而给予的良好、有价值的对价〔特此确认收到此等对价〕之一部分
unless otherwise provided by local law without the possibility of contractual waiver or limitation 但当地法律另行规定不得通过合同放弃或限制者除外
(十二)
•drawn against从……中支取
line manager 部门经理〔NOT “直线经理”〕
line management 部门管理层
any accommodation or indulgence or failure to enforce a right暂缓或延期或不强制执行一项权利
jointly and severerally agree to... 共同和个别地同意……
credited against 从……中抵扣(OR 从……中扣除；NOT “贷记”)
deed of adherence 信守契据
bind or commit (the other party) 约束〔另一方〕或使〔另一方〕承担义务
(it is) necessary and advisable to需要和应当……
account for报税〔used in incentive plans, etc.〕
credit facility 信贷融资
net shares 剩余股份(=remaining shares after withholding)
staffing agency 劳务派遣单位
moral right 精神权利〔知识产权相关〕
a person who acquires the right to exercise the options by bequest or inheritence 通过遗赠或继承获得行使期权权利的人
(not) operate as a waiver of... 不构成对……的弃权
under penalties of perjury ……否则愿受法律制裁〔多见于法律证明文件〕
with or without notice or lapse of time 无论是否发出通知或是否时效终止
...have been authorised by all necessary action on the part of Party B经乙方采取一切必要行动……已得到正式授权
successor standards 后继标准〔NOT “继承标准”〕
without regard to/other than theh choice of law principles of... 不考虑……的法律选择原则indexed to inflation 随通货膨胀调整
good and marketable title 合法有效和可以转让的所有权
extend the terms 放宽条件
同事整理的一些employment相关词汇：
disciplinary action 纪律处分
equal employment opportunity 平等就业时机
character reference 品德推荐信
sabbatical leave 公休假
induction package 入职资料包
next-of-kin 最近的亲属
door access card 门禁卡
disciplinary offense 应予纪律处分的违规summary dismissal 立即开除
dignity at work 工作场所尊严maternity/paternity leave 产假/陪产假domestic leave 探亲假
performance review 绩效考核。