2020高考英语之短文改错解题技巧

一、短文改错设置的错误的主要类型
短文改错设置的错误的主要类型有：
⑴名词的单复数；
⑵动词的时态和语态；
⑶非谓语动词；
⑷介词的搭配；
⑸主谓一致性；
⑹不定冠词与定冠词；
⑺固定词组的搭配；
⑻行文逻辑一致性；
⑼词性的混淆；
⑽同义词辨异；
⑾连词的误用；
⑿代词的格与数；
⒀句子成份残缺等。

归纳为语法错误、词汇错误和上下文关系错误。

这些错误大致涉及以下几个方面：
（一）一致性问题
所涉及的一致性问题主要包括主谓一致、时态、语态一致、代词指代一致、名词的数与格的一致、句式结构与语意一致、行文关系的一致。

例如：主谓不一致
There were a football game on TV last Saturday evening.
讲解：原句中a football game决定了谓语动词必须用单数，所以应该把were改为was.
（二）词性问题
词性问题不单单是识别的问题，能够说出所给单词的词性，并不说明能够在句中找出用错词性的地方。

其主要目的是检测考生是否真正了解主要词类的语法作用及其在句中的经常性位置，如名词在句中一般作主语、宾语、表语，动词作谓语，形容词充当表语、定语和宾补，而副词则充当状语，修饰形容词、动词乃至句子。

名词主要考察能力：单复数混用和出题形式：
1、单复数混用
Helen is seventeen year old. She is very busy.
讲解：“年龄多大了”应该为复数形式，因此应该把year改为years。

注意：代词单复数混用类似。

As for afriendship, we can readily find them in our classmates and other people around us.
讲解：显然应该把them改为it，指代前面提及的friendship。

此句话意思是“就友谊来说，我们可以很容易地从我们的同学和周围的人中找到。

”
形容词/副词主要考察能力：两者之间是否混用。

出题形式：形容词与副词混用。

即该用形容词的地方原文用了副词，该用副词的地方原文用了形容词。

①副词代替正确形容词出现在文章当中
During the football season, Helen is much busier than usually.
讲解：很明显“与平时相比较更忙”，因此需要把usually改为usual。

②形容词代替正确副词出现在文章当中
As the time clock showed one minute and forty-two seconds left in the game, she began cheering excited, “Come on-get going!”
讲解：原文意思是说比赛还剩一分四十二秒时，她开始兴奋地叫道-----，显然应把excited改为excitedly，用来修饰动词cheer。

介词主要考察能力：（特别是与动词的）固定搭配。

2、出题形式：
①介词省略
I’m sure you will get rid the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.
讲解：getrid of是固定搭配，意思为“摆脱，除去”
②介词多余
My wife is also happy because of I have given up smoking.
讲解：这里显然是对because of与because用法的辨别区分。

前者不能接句子，而后者充当连词可以接句子。

所以应该把of去掉。

③介词用错(一般为固定搭配)
I pick out her false hair and said, “Don’t be sad, Miss.”
讲解：pick out应该为pick up。

pick out挑选的意思；pick up捡起的意思。

连词主要考察能力：前后两句话之间的衔接关系。

常考三种关系：but转折,and并列,because原因
①One day, my wife and I went shopping at a store. We drove the car but we had a lot of things to buy.
讲解：显然原文中所要表达的意思是“我们开车去的原因是因为我们要买好多东西”，所以应该把but改为because/as/for。

②Chatting online, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, but improve their English if they are talking with native speakers.
讲解：原文表达的意思是“通过网上聊天，学生能够更加轻松自由地表达自己的想法和观点，并且如果他们同外国人交谈，能够提高他们的英语水平。

”所以前后句之间是并列关系，应该把but改为and.（三）词语固定搭配
主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词与动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。

I have given up smoke. The dog doesn’t like the smell.
讲解：give up doing sth。

因此动词smoke应该改为smoking。

（四）句子首尾的位置
句子首尾是学生最不注意却容易丢分的地方。

命题者故意在句首或句尾设置错误，如果把错误改在上句，那么就会影响下句，容易顾此失彼，尤其是在词语的固定搭配上，此类型的题近两年出现频率有所增加，也是容易失分的句子。

二、短文改错的思路
第一步必须熟悉设错方式
1.必须熟悉设错方式：多词、少词、错词。

⑴多词现象大多出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。

⑵少词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、副词、助动词、不定式符号to、连词等。

⑶错词现象主要在冠词、介词、名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词、连词、词形。

2.平时应加强基本功训练，用一个“错题集”本把自己或同学在书面表达中出现的错误归纳一下，以便考前复习。

短文改错与书面表达一样，最能反映一个人的语言功底。

大家在该题上失分最厉害，因为此题而影响英语总成绩的占大多数。

第二步对全文宏观把握
大家应把改错内容当作一篇小短文来理解，这样能对短文有个宏观把握，对上下文有全面的了解。

在理解篇章的基础上逐句审读，分析判断，上下兼顾，把明显的、拿的准的题先做完，这样可以缩小包围圈，也有助于对全文的进一步理解。

第三步从语法角度审查
1.查看时态是否一致。

My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our football team.全文都是用的一般现在时，此句中的was显然与上下文语境不符，应改为am。

2.查看主谓是否一致。

Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. cost应改为costs，因其主语是it(为形式主语)，且上下文均为一般现在时。

3.查指代是否一致。

The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.句中的主语the Smiths 表的是Smith一家人，因此指示代词his应改为their。

4.查平行结构是否平行一致。

由and, or, but, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but also..., as well as 等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。

It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.句中的drove显然与and前面的to meet不平行，应改为drive。

5.查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致。

We study quite a few subject, such as Maths, Chinese... quite a few只能
修饰复数名词，故subject应改为subjects。

6.查行文逻辑是否一致。

Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.根据行文逻辑，这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句，而应该是when /whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。

第四步十大常见错误
短文改错是有一定的规律可循的，纵观近几年的高考试题及我们平常的模拟考试，可以发现短文改错主要有以下十大错误：
1.形容词与副词的误用。

如exciting与excited，hard与hardly，possible与possibly，here与there 等，以及形容词与副词的比较级与最高级。

2.名词的单复数误用。

如在several，many，various，different，a few，one of等之后，常用名词的复数，在every与each之后常用单数。

3.代词的误用。

如you与your，it’s与its，it与they或them，one与ones，宾格(如me)与反身代词(如myself)等的误用。

4.介词的误用、缺少或多余。

常见的如in与on，to与for，instead与instead of，because与because of等的误用。

5.时态的错误。

看一篇文章，要有一种大局观，要上前下挂，看看上下文的时态是否一致。

6.连词的误用。

如or与and的误用，and与but的误用，so与but的误用，because 或since与so连用，though与but连用等。

7.第三人称单数后的动词形式。

8.一些固定结构的误用。

如so...that被误用作very...that，too...to被误用very...to，as...as被误作so...as等。

9.定语从句中关系词的误用。

10.一些常用词的误用。

如what与how，except与besides，any与some以及它们的合成词如anything与something，anywhere与somewhere等混淆不清。

第五步验证答案
改完后，要回过头来重读一遍全文，查看改过后是否能使语气通顺，时态一致，合乎逻辑。

再次通读可以在初改时感觉不顺的地方集中精力，仔细推敲，使答案更加准确。

三、高考英语单句改错练习100题（含答案）
1. Now people get a lot of informations from TV.
2. German is a European country.
3. They didn’t want me to do any work at family.
4. Yesterday I met an old friend of my father.
5. Boys and girls, don’t lose hearts. Do better next time.
6. They are of different size.
7. It is so beautiful place that you must visit it.
8. What a terrible weather we have been having!
9. It took place in France, an European country.
10. Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.
11. What good time we had last night!
12. We shall spend three-day holiday together.
13. I came to understand that was not easy to earn money.
14. Some parents think useless for girls to go to school.
15. When he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place.
16. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.
17. It’s important that we should think over before doing anything.
18. The truck was moving so fast that the driver couldn’t control.
19. I apologized and controlled me at my best till the dinner started.
20. We must take part in the social practice to prepare us well for our future.
21. The teacher did not punish for cheating but instead gave me a second chance.
22. Henry did not like his car, that ran badly and often broke down.
23. There was a five-pound note in the pocket of the trousers I had told her to wash it.
24. People can hardly do some fishing there.
25. I visited a place where is surrounded by mountains.
26. I am sure you will find one you like it.
27. It was yesterday when he broke the window.
28. He had lost his glasses without them he couldn’t see.
29. Oliver Twist, the hero of the story, he was an orphan.
30. It starts with choosing a tree from neither a farm or a store.
31. She never has enough time for that she wants to do.
32. I find what I have one shortcoming in my character.
33. What necessary it is that we get rid of the bad habits .
34. It didn’t matter that I would win or not.
35. People in the US drink more coffee than people in any country.
36. The development will bring us much more hopes and chances.
37. The Olympics are held each four years.
38. A summer, Fane traveled abroad.
39. I hope you think about my request as soon as possibly.
40. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights.
41. As there is no air or water, there can be no life , too.
42. There were too many nice things that I didn’t know what to choose.
43. He decides to travel a lot and visit such many new places as possible.
44. I couldn’t see as clear as before.
45. The water in it is so dirty that it smells terribly.
46. I appreciate your help very well.
47. You always gave me specially attention and inspired me.
48. It was until midnight that it stopped raining.
49. People both at home and abroad have been great helped by the new computer.
50. He has to work if he wants to live comfortable.
51. She is a brave and honesty girl.
52. It is much easy to make plans than to carry them out.
53. It is convenient for me to prepare for the exam than before.
54. He gave me an order worthy 15 million dollars.
55. The tree was put into a Christmas stand that holds the tree up straightly.
56. Is teaching kids English as interested as you expected in college?
57. We had guests last night who had not stayed in it ago.
58. We are all very much active and the activities are enjoyable.
59. If you won’t want to take a taxi, you can go by bus.
60. Our city is a modern city. It set up in the early 1980s.
61. Bad habits not come suddenly.
62. I have caught a bad cold for a week and I can’t get rid of it.
63. Following the road and you will find the store.
64. I rush over without delay, jumped into the water and swam towards him.
65. You must do everything you can help them.
66. When a rabbit see something dangerous, it runs away.
67. Its tail, which is white, moving up and down as it runs.
68. Think perhaps I was too tired, I stood up and was going to sleep.
69. I was often tired and watch TV demands little effort.
70. The little girl hurried home with the remained money.
71. His young patient was soon able to get up and ran about again.
72. It was kind of them to meet me at the station and drove me to their home.
73. She liked it very much and reads it to the class.
74. There were over 1000 students attend it.
75. Is it likely to be any food at the party on Saturday?
76. Please excuse us for not able to say goodbye to you.
77. He spends hours on the telephone, talks to his friends.
78. Filling with many people, the room is crowded.
79. At the interview there are many people who wait to interviewed for jobs.
80. It will cost a rocket a hundred thousand years to reach it.
81. There used to have a church in front of the school.
82. Hope you great success in your work!
83. All you can do is encouraging him, show him understanding and offer him advice.
84. In Friday afternoon, some students took part in a speech activity.
85. In a few weeks the story was returned to her.
86. It was very fine when I got up early on last Sunday morning.
87. I rushed out the house as quickly as I could.
88. It is necessary to decide what is worth taking notice.
89. I had difficulty in grammar after I entered into the school.
90. She could hardly afford for the medical care.
91. But we don’t seem to have much time to talk about together.
92. He was punished because what he had done.
93. The ice isn’t thick enough for us to skate.
94. I gave you my luggage at a quarter of an hour ago.
95. I am writing to thank you with your kind help.
96. He means to come no earlier as that time.
97. We must return back to school this afternoon
98. Child as he is, but he knows a lot.
99. Having been ill for a long time, so she fell behind her classmates. 100. Thinking he happened to have no work to do, and he came back home.
Answers
1-5informations-information;German-Germany;family-home;father-father’s; hearts-heart;
6-10 size-sizes; a place;删除a; an-a;删除a
11-15 a good time; a three-day; that后加it; think后加it; them-it;
16-20 showed后加it; think后加it; control后加it; me-myself;us-ourselves;
21-25 punish后加me;that-which;删除it; some-any;where-which;
26-30删除it; when-that;them-which;删除he; neither-either;
31-35 that-what; what-that; What-How; that-whether; any后加other;
36-40 much-many; each-every; A-One; possibly-possible;particular-particularly;
41-45 too-either; too-so; such-as; clear-clearly; terribly-terrible;
46-50 well-much; specially-special; was后加not; great-greatly; comfortable-comfortably;
51-55 honesty-honest; easy-easier; is后加more; worthy-worth; straightly-straight;
56-60 interested-interesting; ago-before;删除much; won’t-don’t; It 后加was;
61-65 habits后加do; caught-hadFollowing-Follow; rush-rushed; can后加to;
66-70 see-sees; moving-moves; think-Thinking; watch-watching;remained-remaining;
71-75 ran-run; drove-drive; reads-read; attend-attending; it-there;
76-80 not后加being;talks-talking; Filling-Filled; to后加be; cost-take;
81-85 have-be; Hope-Wish; encouraging-encourage; In-On; In-After;
86-90删除on; out后加of notice后加of;删除into;删除for
91-95删除about; because后加of; skate后加on;删除at; with-for;
96-100 as-than;删除back;删除but;删除so;删除and;。