高中英语 Module 5 Ethnic Culture教案选修7

Module 5 Ethnic Culture 【美文阅读】
中国的民族文化丰富多彩。

剪纸是最贴近我们生活的一种，你会剪纸吗？你想利用剪纸表达什么呢？
Paper­cutting is a traditional art in China which has gradually developed throughout the long history of paper.
Paper­cutting is all made by hand.It is easy to learn the rudiments(基础，基本知识；初步，入门)．Paper­cutting covers nearly all topics，from flowers，birds，animals，legendary(传说的，传奇的) people，figures in classic novels，to types of facial make­up in Beijing Opera.Paper­cutting has various styles in different parts of China.
We can give best wishes to our friends and relatives through paper­cuttings.Furthermore，it can make the world beautiful in our life.In a word，paper­cutting is a good art in China.
【诱思导学】
1．What's paper­cutting?
_______________________________________________
2．What do pe ople want to express using their paper­cuttings?
_______________________________________________
【答案】 1.Paper­cutting is a traditional art in China which has gradually developed throughout the long history of paper.
2．People can give best wishes to their friends and relatives and make the world beautiful in their life.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是学生通过对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，为下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。

●教学地位
通过本节的教学，让学生了解少数民族文化，通过外国人的所见所想，介绍了丽江古城以及纳西族的风情文化。

要求学生掌握相关词汇，培养听，说，读，写等语言技能，并进一步了解我国少数民族的历史渊源，发展过程和现实状况；尊重不同民族的文化习俗；增强不同民族之间团结互助，共同发展的意识。

(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师用问题的方式提问学生：How many peoples are there in China？How many minorities are there in China？学生：56 peoples；55 minorities。

接下来引导学生了解更多的有关少数民族的更多信息，自然进入本模块的学习。

●教学流程设计
导入新课。

⇒学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思导学”见学案第57页。

⇒学生就“美文阅读”进行讨论，统一答案。

⇓
学生再次阅读课文课本第58－59页并完成“语篇理解”见学案第57－58页。

⇐师生共同讨论并统一答案。

⇐让学生快速阅读课文见课本第58－59页，并完成“篇章结构”见学案第57页。

⇓
学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。

⇒错误!⇒错误!
⇓
让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估见学案第58页。

⇐学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。

老师予以更正。

⇐让学生完成“知识初探”部分见学案第58页。

⇓
错误!
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读文章，然后完成下面表格
8.culture 9.friendship 10.equal
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P58－59的Reading and Vocabulary(1)，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案1．Which of the following statements about Lijiang is true?
A．Lijiang is an old town.
B．Lijiang is a new town.
C．Lijiang is opposite to Yulong Xueshan Mountain.
2．When you walk into the old town of Lijiang，you can see many things except ________.
A．a maze of canals
B．cars
C．little bridges
3．Who run Naxi society?
A．The women.
B．The men.
C．The women and men.
4．What's the author's aim to spend several afternoons sitting in a cafe?
A．To drink coffee.
B．To know about Naxi society.
C．To make friends.
5．We can infer from the passage that ________
A．the author was not impressed by his trip.
B．it is the man who run Naxi society.
C．the author learned much from his travelling.
【答案】1－5 C B A B C
Ⅲ.课文缩写
Simon Wakefield travelled round Yunnan after leaving university. He was astonished when he saw the 1.________ landscape.Early on the morning of April 20th he went to a beautiful park on the 2.________ of a mountain，where he saw the town slowly wake up to the day.On April 23rd he visited the region of the Naxi 3.________ group.He learned about its 4.________ culture.For example，Naxi society is 5.________ by women as they inherited all 6.________ until recently.In the afternoon he met a Naxi man，who showed him some 7.________ of Naxi poems.The Naxi language is the only hieroglyphic language still 8.________.Naxi culture is famous for its
9.________，which is passed from father to son.Simon thought his stay in Yunnan was
10.________.
【答案】 1.varied 2.slopes 3.ethnic 4.fascinating 5.run 6.property 7.translations 8.in use 9.music 10.unforgettable
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．ethnic A．very different from each other and of various kinds
2．minority B．existing naturally in a place
3．diverse C．the smaller part of a group
4．native D．to be in charge of a business，etc.
5．run E．connected with a nation，race or tribe that shares a cultural tradition 6．inherit F．to come out of an egg
7．custom G．an accepted way of behaving or of doing things in a society or a community
8．hatch H．to receive money，property，etc.from sb. when they die
【答案】 1.E 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.D 6.H 7.G 8.F
Ⅱ.短语填空
take place；make use of；in use；get lost in；diverse from；be native to；take
one's place
1．It is easy to ____________ a big city.
2．The meeting will ________ according to schedule.
3．Their old television set is still ________.
4．His character is ________ the eastern United States.
5．This plant is ________ the eastern United States.
6．Sometimes，waste things can be ________.
【答案】 1.get lost in 2.take place 3.in use 4.diverse from 5.native to 6.made use of
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．I've been in Yunnan for two months now and I'm still astonished by how varied the landscape is.
我来云南已经两个月了，这里多姿多彩的风景仍然令我惊讶不已。

2．The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain，its peak covered with snow .
古城依山而建，对面是海拔5,500米的玉龙雪山，山峰被积雪覆盖。

3．Seen from above，the old town is a maze of canals，little bridges and tiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in.
从上面俯看，古城就是一座由沟渠、小桥和鹅卵石铺成的街巷构成的迷宫，游人极易迷失其中。

4．For example，it is the women who run Naxi society，and until recently，Naxi women inherited all property.
例如，管理纳西族社会的是妇女，而且近来还是由纳西族的妇女来继承全部财产。

5．It took place in an old wooden hall，and was played by Naxi men，some of whom looked as if they were well over 100 years old.
演出在木头搭建的大厅里举行，由纳西族男子表演，有些老人看起来足有一百多岁了！
Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary(1)
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词、短语和句型。

(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。

(3)通过对这些词汇地理解地能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。

●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。

(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师展示丽江的风景图片，引导学生走入风景如画的丽江。

可以借和学生进行师生互动，顺承进入丽江风景的阅读，获得更多有关丽江的信息。

●教学流程设计
老师检查上节课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。

⇒导入新课。

⇒错误!
⇓
让学生再次阅读课文，课本第58－59页以加深对所学单词与短语的理解。

⇐老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充自己认为重要的知识点及一些必要的练习。

⇐让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。

⇓
让学生完成“自我评估”学案第62页。

⇒错误!
1．minority n．少数；少数民族
Writing an article about an ethnic minority.(P57)
写一篇关于一个少数民族的文章。

Only a minority of British households do not have a car.英国只有少数家庭没有汽车。

The Chinese nation includes more than 50 minorities besides Han.
中华民族除了汉族之外，还有50多个少数民族。

【提示】minority作“少数民族”讲时，是可数名词，有复数形式，而作“少数派，少数”讲时常用单数。

归纳拓展
in the minority占少数
majority n．大多数
in the majority占多数
by/with a majority以多数票
Men are in the minority in the nursing profession.
在护理行业中男士占少数。

The majority were on Ben's side.
大多数人站在本这一边。

完成句子
①少数民族的人们通常能歌善舞。

People from ______________ are usually good at singing and dancing.
②在政府的高级职位中，女性只占少数。

Women ________________ in the top ranks of government.
【答案】①ethnic minorities②are in the minority
2．diverse adj.完全不同的；各不相同的
...home to 25 ethnic minorities，most diverse region of China.(P57)……是25个少数民族的发源地，中国最具多样性的地区。

Media aims to cover a diverse range of issues.
媒体旨在报道各个方面的新闻事件。

归纳拓展
be diverse from和……不一样
diversity n．多样性，变化
The custom in China is diverse from that in Australia.
中国的习俗同澳大利亚的习俗不一样。

There is a need for greater diversity and choice in education.
教育方面需要更大的多元化和选择性。

various/diverse
①Although these states and their people are ________，they share the common goal of economic development.
A．diverse B．many
C．classic D．popular
【解析】句意：虽然这些国家及人民各不相同，但有着经济发展的共同目标。

diverse“多种多样的”，符合题意。

many“许多的”；classic“第一流的”；popular“受欢迎的”。

【答案】 A
②There are ________ approaches to English teaching.But not all of them are equally efficient for our Chinese students.
A．variety B．accurate
C．original D．diverse
【解析】句意：有许多英语教学方法，但它们不一定都对中国学生同样有效。

A项应说成a variety of；B项意为“准确的，精确的”；C项意为“原始的”；D项意为“不同的，多种多样的”。

由句意可知选D。

【答案】 D
③The supermarket offers ________ goods to choose from，so more and more people prefer to shop there.
A．particular B．various
C．general D．common
【解析】句意：超市提供各种各样的商品供顾客选择，所以越来越多的人愿意到超市购物。

various不同的，各种各样的，符合题意。

particular特殊的；general普遍的；common 普通的。

【答案】 B
3．native adj.土生土长的；出生地的；本国的
n．本地人；当地产的物品(P57)
The tiger is native to India.这种老虎产于印度。

When planting trees，stick to native species.
种树时一定要选当地的树种。

归纳拓展
native作形容词用作表语时，常与介词to连用，作名词时则常与of连用。

be native to(指动植物)原产于某地。

nation n．国家；民族；国民；政府
national adj.国家的；国民的；民族主义的
nationality n．国籍；国家；民族性；部落
This plant is native to the eastern United States.
这种植物生长在美国的东部。

This plant ________ the Mediterranean and now grows wild throughout Europe，North America and Australia.
A．is related to B．is native to
C．is connected with D．is famous as
【解析】be related to意为“涉及”；be native to意为“原产于……(地方)”；be connected with意为“与……有联系”；be famous as意为“作为……有名”。

句意：这种植物原长于地中海地带，现已遍布欧洲、北美和澳大利亚。

【答案】 B
4．get lost迷路
...many small streets that are easy to get lost in.(P58)
……许多很窄的街道，身处其中容易迷路。

I'm afraid I haven't got a very good sense of directions，so I easily get lost.
恐怕我的方向感很差，因此我容易迷路。

“get done”结构
get dressed穿上衣服
get killed被杀
get married结婚
get hurt受伤
get paid得到报酬
get known to为……所知
get separated from和……分开
【提示】get done相当于be done。

但get done更着重指动作不可延续，因此不
与表示一段时间的状语连用。

If you get ________ in a foreign city，you'd better stay where you are and wait for your friends.
A．lose B．to lose C．losing D．lost
【解析】此处的get lost意为“迷路”。

句意：如果你在国外的城市里迷路了，你最好待在原地等待你的朋友来帮助你。

【答案】 D
5．varied adj.各种各样的；形形色色的
I've been in Yunnan for two months now and I'm still astonished by how varied the landscape is. (P58)
我来云南已经两个月了，这里多姿多彩的风景仍然令我惊讶不已。

The book contains very varied recipes.
这本书上有各种不同的食谱。

He led a varied life.
他过着丰富多彩的生活。

归纳拓展
vary vt.&vi.改变；变更；使多样化
vary from...to...在……到……之间变动
vary with随……而变化
various/varied adj.各种各样的
variety n．变化；多样性；种类
a variety of＝varieties of不同种类的
句型转换
①There is a wide variety of patterns to choose from.
→There are ________ patterns to choose from.
②The planning laws are different from town to town.
→The planning laws ________ from town to town.
【答案】①various/varied/varieties of ②differ/vary
6．The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain，its peak covered with snow.(P58)
古城依山而建，对面是海拔5,500米的玉龙雪山，山峰被积雪覆盖。

画线部分为独立主格结构，逻辑主语its peak与cover为被动关系，故用过去分词形式。

独立主格结构为：逻辑主语＋现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/介词短语/名词。

独立主格结构在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随状语等，并可转化为相应的状语从句。

All the windows closed，the old man was lying in the bed.所有的窗子都关着，那个老人躺在床上。

She fixed her eyes on the picture on the wall，her mouth wide open.她凝视着墙上的那幅画，嘴巴张得很大。

The teacher came in，book in hand.
老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。

【对接高考】
(2012·新课标全国卷)The party will be held in the garden，weather ________.
A．permitting B．to permitC．permitted D．permit
【解析】考查独立主格结构。

句意：如果天气允许，晚会就在花园里举行。

根据句子结构可知，此处weather permitting是独立主格结构，相当于if weather permits。

【答案】 A
句型转换
When darkness fell，the young couple still lingered on the lawn.
→________，the young couple still lingered on the lawn.
【答案】①Darkness falling
7．They sit in small circles in the square, with their babies on their backs, completely uninterested in the tourists！(P58)她们围成小圈坐在广场上，身上背着孩子，对游客丝毫不感兴趣。

“completely uninterested in the tourists”是形容词短语作状语。

形容词(短语)作状语时，通常说明主语的情况，即表示主语的状态、性质、特征等，可以表示原因、时间、伴随、结果等，或对谓语作补充说明，可位于句首、句末和句中，通常与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开，但单个形容词可以连在一起。

Eager to see the sunrise，they got up at four.
他们急于看日出，4点钟就起床了。

He came back，safe and sound.
他回来了，安然无恙。

I recited the text in a low voice，careful not to show my bad feelings.
我低声背诵课文，小心翼翼地不流露自己的坏心情。

________ and happy, Lily stood up and accepted the prize.
A．Surprising B．Surprised
C．Being surprised D．To be surprising
【解析】考查形容词短语作状语。

surprised感到惊奇的，多用来表示人的心理状态。

根据句意可知，选B项。

【答案】 B
8．run v．控制；管理；经营；开动(机器等)；跑
Three rivers run through the city and wherever you go，you hear the sound of rushing water.(P58)三条小溪穿城而过，不管游人走到哪里，都能听见潺潺的流水声。

归纳拓展
run after 追求，追逐
run across 偶然遇到
run over (车辆)碾轧；轧死，轧伤
run out 某物被用光了(主动表达被动含义)
run out of 用光，用完
run through 贯穿于……之中；匆匆读完
I run across an old friend at the airport.
我在机场偶然遇到了一位老朋友。

写出下列句子中run的含义
①He is learning how to run the new machine.
________
②He runs faster than any of the other students.
________
③Who is running the company?
________
【答案】①操作②跑③经营，管理
9．custom n．风俗，习惯，传统
They have the custom of playing cards on card tables in the middle of the street.(P58)
他们有在街中心围着桌子打牌的习惯。

Custom rules the law.[谚]风俗左右法律。

Social customs vary greatly from country to country.
国与国之间的社会习俗有很大差异。

归纳拓展
It is the custom(for sb.) to do sth.
做……是一种习俗
the custom of doing sth.做某事的习惯/风格
break a custom破坏习俗
follow/keep up a custom遵守习俗
custom/habit/tradition
①The company has a long ________ of fine design.
②Playing tricks on others on the first day of April is a ________ among European people.
③Mike has a bad ________ of smoking.
【答案】①tradition②custom ③habit
10．in use在使用
The Naxi language is the only hieroglyphic language still in use and is over 1,000 years old.(P59)纳西语是唯一仍在使用的象形文字，已有1,000多年的历史了。

The new version of this dictionary is not in use yet.
这本字典的新版本还未使用。

归纳拓展
come into use开始使用
go out of use停止使用
put in/into use投入使用
make use of利用
be of (no) use有/没用
It is no use doing sth.做某事是无用的
句型转换
①This technique is still widely being used now.
→This technique is still ____________________ now.
【答案】①in wide use
用use的相关短语填空
②It's __________ arguing with him.
③We must ____________ the resources we have.
④When did the system ____________？
⑤He has __________ what he learnt __________ in his job.
【答案】②no use③make use of④come into use⑤put；in (into) use
Period ⅢIntegrating Skills & Grammar
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。

(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够理解并运用过去分词做状语和短语动词的使用和征询信息的英语表达。

●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。

让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。

(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。

●教学流程设计
老师检查上节课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。

⇒导入新课。

⇒错误!
⇓ 让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分，见学案第64－66页并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。

⇐老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充老师认为重要的词语及一些必要的练习。

⇐让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。

⇓
老师对语法部分给以点拨。

让学生掌握本单元语法知识。

⇒让学生完成“当堂双基达标”见学案第66－67页。

⇒师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”并给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。

⇓
错误!⇐错误!
1．apparently adv.看起来；显然
Apparently, it's the restaurant's best dish.(P 64)
很明显，这是这家饭馆最好的菜。

I wasn't there, but apparently it went well.
我当时不在，但是看起来事情进展很顺利。

She turned to face him, her anger apparently gone.
她转过身面对着他，好像怒气已经消退了。

归纳拓展
apparent adj .显而易见的；明白的
⎭⎪⎬⎪⎫Obviously...It is apparent/obvious to sb. that...显而易见……；很显然…… for no apparent reason 不知什么原因 clear/apparent/evident/obvious clear
指清楚、明白，容易让人了解或认出。

apparent 指容易使人明白或做出推断，也指容易被看见或被认识。

evident 指行为有明显的事实依据，只要推理就显而易见，毫无可疑之处。

obvious
在这四个词中它语气最强。

着重指有目共睹，极为明显，无需证明。

句型转换 ①Apparently, the two women knew each ot her.
→________________ the two women knew each other.
【答案】 ①It was apparent that
用apparently/apparent 填空
②He is ______________________ right.
③It is ________ to everyone that he was seriously ill.
【答案】 ②apparently ③apparent
2．has a population of 有……人口
The Bai ethnic group has a population of around two million,90% of whom live in Yunnan.(P 65)
白族大约有200万人口，其中90%生活在云南。

Los Angeles has a population of over 3 million.
洛杉矶有300多万人。

归纳拓展
①有……人口⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
have a population of ＋数字通常在句中作谓语with a population of ＋数字通常在句中作定语 ②某国/某地的人口the population of ＋地点 ③询问某国某地有多少人口 ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧
How large is the population of ＋地点？What's the population of ＋地点？ ④整体人口(the population of...)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；部分人口(表示“人口的百分之几、几分之几”)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

【提示】 人口多或少要用large 或small 。

The population of Jiangsu ________ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million.
A ．has grown
B ．have grown
C．grew D．are growing
【解析】population作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；又根据时间状语及语境可知用完成时，故选A。

【答案】 A
3．in the distance在远处
In the distance was an ox working in a field.(P67)
远处，只有一头牛在田间劳作。

The peaks of the Pyrenees could be seen in the distance.可以看到远处比利牛斯山的一座座山峰。

That's Long Island in the distance over there.
远在那边的是长岛。

归纳拓展
at a distance离一段距离
from a distance从远处
keep one's distance保持距离；保持冷淡；疏远
keep sb.at a distance与某人保持一定距离；疏远某人
用distance的相关短语填空
①__________________ there came a crash of firing.
②When I reached the top, I saw a large, bright object ________________.
③I would ________________ from that dog, if I were you!
【答案】①From a distance②in the distance
③keep my distance
4．adjust v．适应；使适应；调整
My eyes had to adjust to the darkness inside.(P67)
我的眼睛不得不去适应里面的一片漆黑。

It took several seconds for his eyes to adjust to the dark.几秒钟后他的眼睛才适应了黑暗。

You'll quickly adjust yourself to student life.
你将很快适应学生生活。

归纳拓展
adjust oneself to...使自己适应……
adjust to (doing) sth.适应(做)某事
make an adjustment/adjustments作出调整
adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的
句型转换
I'm not sure how he will adjust to retirement.
→I'm not sure how he will ___________ retirement.
【答案】make an adjustment to
5．furnish v．为(房屋或房间)配备家具，装修，布置；提供
The tent was furnished with a few mats on the floor, and a low table with a teapot.(P67)帐篷的地板上铺着几块地垫，还有一张矮桌，桌上面放着一个茶壶。

The room was furnished with antiques.
房间里摆放了古董。

She furnished him with the facts surrounding the case.她向他提供了与案件有关的真实情况。

归纳拓展
furnish sth.with sth.用……布置……
furnish sb./sth. with sth.；furnish sth.to sb./sth.
为某人/某物提供某物
be furnished with备用；安装有；陈设有
a piece of furniture一件家具
用furnish的相关短语填空
①Lyall's evidence may have ________ the police ________ an important clue.
②Her study ____________ an antique desk and chair.
【答案】①furnished；with ②was furnished with
观察下列句子，并体会画线部分的含义。

① Seen from above，the old town is a maze of canals，little bridges and tiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in.
②They sit in small circles in the square，with their babies on their backs，completely uninterested in the tourists!
③Passed from father to son，the music has not changed for eight centuries，and...
④A Dai family put us up in their home for a week.
⑤Everyone listened as if someone had put a spell on them.
[自我总结]
上述句子中，①②③为过去分词作______，④⑤为短语动词作______。

【答案】状语谓语
过去分词和动词短语
Ⅰ.过去分词(短语)作状语
过去分词(短语)作状语是非谓语动词的重点之一，也是历年高考的重要考点之一，下面就对过去分词(短语)作状语的用法进行归纳。

一、过去分词(短语)作状语的功能
过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况。

1．过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。

Written in a hurry，this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。

(written in a hurry是过去分词短语作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且“被写”的动作已经发生)
2．过去分词(短语)作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，此时应注意人称的一致，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。

Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。

(caught in a heavy rain是过去分词短语作状语，它的逻辑主语是主句的主语he，即被大雨淋了)
3．过去分词(短语)作状语可转化为句子。

(1)过去分词(短语)作时间状语，可转化为when、while或after等引导的时间状语从句。

Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
→When the park is seen from the top of the h ill，the park looks more beautiful.
从山顶上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。

(2)过去分词(短语)作条件状语，可转化为if、once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。

Given another hour，I can also work out this problem.
→If I am given another hour，I can also work out this problem.再给我一个小时，我也能解出这道题。

(3)过去分词(短语)作原因状语，可转化为as、since或because等引导的原因状语从句。

Frightened by the noise in the night，the girl didn't dare to sleep in her room.
→Because the girl was frightened by the noise in the night，the girl didn't dare to sleep in her room.
受到夜晚响声的惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间。

(4)过去分词(短语)作让步状语，可转化为although、though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。

Exhausted by our climb，we continued our journey.
→Although we were exhausted by our climb，we continued our journey.
我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。

(5)过去分词(短语)作伴随状语，一般可转化为并列结构。

Aunt Wu came in，followed by her daughter.
→Aunt Wu came in，and she was followed by her daughter.吴大娘走进来，后面跟着她的女儿。

【提示】状语从句改为过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词(短语)”结构作状语。

When given a medical examination，you should keep calm.当你做体检时，要保持镇静。

4．过去分词作状语时的位置
(1)过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；
(2)作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；
(3)作方式状语时，通常放在句末，有时也放在句首；
(4)作让步状语时，通常放在句首，有时也放在句末。

二、使用过去分词(短语)作状语时容易错的两种情况
1．忽视了分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须是主句主语。

如果分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致，则可以用下列方法来修正：
(1)给分词添加自己的主语，构成独立主格结构；
(2)把分词改变语态(现在分词与过去分词转换)；
(3)改为相应的状语从句来表达；
(4)用with复合结构。

例如：完成作业后，孩子们出去踢球了。

Finished their homework，the chi ldren went out to play football.(×)
改正后：
Their homework finished，the children went out to play football.(独立主格结构)
Having finished their homework, the children went out to play football.(改变了语态，用现在分词)
After the children finished their homework，they went out to play football.(相应的状语从句)
With their homework finished，the children went out to play football.(with 复合结构)
2．有些含有分词的固定插入语，其逻辑主语不要求与主句主语一致，也就是说它们的主句主语与句子的主语没有语法关系。

这类词常见的有：judging from/by(根据……来判断)；generally/frankly/exactly speaking(一般来说/坦率地说/确切地说)；considering/taking... into consideration(考虑到)；including(包括)；supposing/suppose that(假使)；provided/providing(如果)；seeing(考虑到)等。

Judging from his appearance，he is a wealthy man.
从外表看，他是一位富翁。

Generally speaking，the more you pay，the more you get.一般来说，付出的越多，得到的就越多。

Ⅱ.动词短语
动词短语指的是由动词＋副词，动词＋介词，动词＋副词＋介词或动词＋名词＋介词等构成的动词词组。

1．动词＋副词这类动词词组，有些可以作及物动词，也有些用作不及物动词。

若为及物动词，其宾语为代词时，一定要将代词置于动词和副词之间；若宾语为名词时，可将其置于动词与副词之间，也可置于副词之后。

不及物动词词组：
give in 屈服break out 爆发
go down下降break down (车等的)坏掉
及物动词词组：
give up 放弃bring up 抚养，教育
give away 出卖，捐赠carry out 执行
A big fire broke out last night in that village.
昨天晚上，在那村里突然发生了一场大火。

The old couple are too old to bring up their little grandson.这对老夫妇老得不能再抚养他们的小孙子了。

2．动词＋介词此类词组相当于及物动词，后跟名词、代词或动词­ing形式作宾语。

come across 偶然遇到care for 关心，喜欢
deal with处理result from 由……造成
When he read the book，he came across many new words.当他读这本书时遇到了很多生词。

The exam is coming，so the students are busy going
over their lessons.
考试就要来临，学生们正忙于复习功课。

3．动词＋副词＋介词此类词组介词后一定要接宾语。

go in for 从事，爱好
get down to 开始认真干……
look down upon 轻视
live up to 达到；不辜负
look forward to 盼望
put up with 容忍
make up for 弥补
Let's hurry up，or we would not catch up with the others.我们快点，否则我们会赶不上其他人。

I can't put up with him any more.
我再也不能忍受他了。

4．动词＋名词＋介词此类词组中，名词为动词的宾语，而后面的介词也要跟宾语。

但是当作为动词宾语的名词提前时，动词要用被动语态，后面形式不变。

make use of...利用……。