2023考博英语模拟82(考卷附答案)

2012考博英语模拟82（考卷）
一、阅读理解（每题2分，共40分）
Section A
Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
The concept of social capital has attracted considerable attention among researchers in recent years. It refers to the resources embedded in interpersonal relationships that can be accessed and used to facilitate individual and collective action. Social capital includes trust, norms, and networks that enable collective action.
1. According to the passage, social capital is primarily concerned with ______.
A. individual action
B. collective action
C. interpersonal relationships
D. resources allocation
A. Trust
B. Norms
C. Networks
D. Individual effort
Passage 2
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
Climate change is one of the most pressing issues facing the world today. Scientists agree that human activities are contributing to the warming of the Earth's atmosphere, leading to a wide range of impacts, from rising sea levels to more extreme weather events.
6. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The causes of climate change
B. The impacts of climate change
C. The solutions to climate change
D. The debate on climate change
7. According to the passage, which of the following is a consequence of climate change?
A. Increased rainfall
B. Decreased sea levels
C. More extreme weather events
D. Reduced human activities
Section B
Directions: In this section, there are three short passages followed questions or unfinished statements, each
with three suggested answers marked A, B and C. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 3
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage:
11. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The benefits of the Internet
B. The challenges of the Internet
C. The history of the Internet
12. Which of the following is a challenge mentioned in the passage?
A. Access to information
B. Communication
C. Privacy issues
Passage 4
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following passage:
14. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The history of
B. The applications of
C. The ethical concerns of
15. Which of the following is an application of mentioned in the passage?
A. Selfdriving cars
B. Virtual assistants
C. Both A and B
Section C
Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed five questions or unfinished statements. For each question or statement, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 5
Questions 17 to 21 are based on the following passage:
Education is a lifelong process that begins from infancy and continues throughout one's life. It plays a crucial role in shaping individuals' knowledge, skills, and values. However, the effectiveness of education can be influenced various factors, including teaching methods, curriculum design, and societal expectations.
17. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The importance of education
B. The factors influencing education
C. The history of education
18. Which of the following is a factor that influences education?
A. Teaching methods
B. Curriculum design
C. Societal expectations
D. All of the above
二、完型填空（每题1分，共20分）
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Fill in each blank with the proper form of the word given in brackets. You do not need to change the word given. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
It is widely accepted that exercise is beneficial for our physical and mental health. Regular exercise can (22) ______ (reduce) the risk of various diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Moreover, exercise can improve our mood and (23) ______ (relieve) stress.
一、阅读理解
Section A
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. B
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. B
Section B
11. B
12. C
13. A
14. B
15. C
Section C
17. B
18. D
19. A
20. C
21. B
二、完型填空
22. reduce
23. relieve
24. going
25. swimming
1. 阅读理解
理解文章主旨和大意
推断作者观点和态度
识别事实和观点
理解文章结构和逻辑关系
词汇理解和运用
示例：
Passage 1涉及社会学的概念，考察学生对社会资本的理解。

Passage 2关注气候变化，考察学生对环境问题的认识。

Passage 3探讨互联网的挑战，考察学生对信息技术的了解。

Passage 5讨论教育问题，考察学生对教育理念的理解。

2. 完型填空
词汇辨析和使用
语法结构和搭配
上下文理解和逻辑推理
示例：
第22题考察词汇reduce的正确形式，要求学生掌握动词的过去
分词形式。

第23题考察词汇relieve的正确形式，要求学生掌握动词的原形。

第24题考察固定搭配go to the gym，要求学生掌握动词短语。

第25题考察词汇swim的正确形式，要求学生掌握名词转换为动
词的形式。

各题型所考察学生的知识点详解：
1. 阅读理解
主旨大意：要求学生通过阅读全文，概括文章的中心思想。

推断作者观点：要求学生分析文章中的论据和论证，推断作
者的态度和观点。

识别事实和观点：要求学生区分文章中的客观事实和主观观点。

理解文章结构和逻辑关系：要求学生把握文章的篇章结构和
段落之间的逻辑关系。

词汇理解和运用：要求学生根据上下文理解并正确使用词汇。

2. 完型填空
词汇辨析和使用：要求学生根据上下文选择正确的词汇形式。

语法结构和搭配：要求学生掌握语法规则，正确运用语法结构。

上下文理解和逻辑推理：要求学生通过理解上下文，进行逻
辑推理，填入合适的词汇。