SPC的知识及技巧
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SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
什么数据需要收集?
18
What data do we collect?
收集数据
Collect data
流程变数
Process Variables
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
z Collect data -- count or measure something.
z
z于控制图上画上数值
z Plot the data on the control chart.
z
y或...
yOR . . .
z
z计算统计数值于控制图上画上数值
z Calculate a statistic and plot the statistic on the z chart.
z
zThe use of statistical techniques such as control charts to analyze a
process or its outputs so as to take appropriate actions to achieve and
maintain a state of statistical control and to improve the process
z如何得到数据?
z How will we get the data?
z何时收集数据;多久收集一次?
z When do we collect it; how often?
z流程中哪处收集数据?
z Where in the process do we get the data?
z谁收集数据?
z Who collects the data?
如何?
How?
z我们需要一个测量系统
zWe need aቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱmeasurement system.
z z
z 方法--技巧,工具,经培训的员工
Method -- technique, tool, trained people
z 记录--数据收集表格,表达数据的格式(即控制图)
Record -- data collection sheet, format to present data (i.e., control chart)
Is it a preventive method?
SPC数据=流程的声
音
SPC data = the voice of the process!
统计技术
Statistical
收集及整理数字化 的事实数据
Collection & arrangement of numerical facts.
Data!
那一个比较好?
Which is better?
No Image
流程中作测量
Measure on-line
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
No Image
最后检查
Inspect at end
何时收集数据?
22
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
SPC步骤:WWHWWW
17
SPC Step - WWHWWW
收集数据
Collect data
z什么数据需要收集?
z What data do we need?
z为什么需要收集数据?
z Why do we need to collect data?
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
SPC价值
14 SPC Value
少挫败感及无聊时间
Less frustration & down time
更能控制工作
More control
更能对流程及产品问题作正确决定
Ability to make the right decision about process of product problems
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
统计技术及控制图
16
Statistics and Control Charts
如何运用统计技术于控制图?
How do we use these statistics on control charts?
z收集数据--数目或量度某物
FMEA 缺陷模式与后果分析
➢ Function affected
被影响的功能
➢ Potential Failure mode
潜在缺陷模式
- Potential Effect - Potential Cause - Design Control
潜在影响 潜在原因 设计控制
➢ Action Plan
行动计划
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
流程
Process
执行一件工作的一 连串步骤
Series of steps to perform a task
控制
Control
预防,预测,监管
Prevention. Prediction. Regulation.
Defectives
Scratch Plughole Open Short
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
什么是SPC?
8 What is SPC?
实验设计 DOE
介定关键的产品特性 – Determine Key Product Characteristics
SPC的知识及技巧
培训目的
2 Training Goal
z 目的--助你获得SPC的知识及技巧
z Our Goal -- To help you gain relevant SPC knowledge &
skills.
z z
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
能生产更优值的产品
Better product coming from the are in front of me
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
SPC如何帮忙?
15
How SPC Can Help
生产中
During Production
➢ 尽早指出流程问题
To identify process problems as early as possible.
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
如何收集数据?
20
How do we collect the data?
收集数据
Collect data
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
SPC价值
13 SPC Value
更佳产品质量
Better quality product
更多可靠产品
More reliable delivery
可以信赖的供应商
A supplier they can count on
产品特性
Product Features
客户要求: 功能;外观
Customer Requirements
Functional Aesthetic
19 为什么需要收集数据? Why should we collect the data?
收集数据
Collect data
为什么?
Why?
➢ 监控变异
To monitor variation.
计划确认测试的矩阵 – Plan the Matrix of Validation Tests
介定关键的变量 – Determine Key Variables
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
9 什么是SPC? What is SPC?
UCL LCL
什么是SPC?
6 What is SPC?
因果图（鱼骨图）
Cause—Effect Diagram
Cause 因
Effect 果
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
什么是SPC?
What is SPC?
7
Pareto Diagram 柏拉图
使用SPC目的
11
Using SPC Objectives
我们的SPC目的是为你提供一个有利于持续改善的工具:
Our SPC objectives is to provide you with a tool for continual improvement that helps to:
y 将流程变异减致最少
capability.
z
z
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
5 什么是SPC? What is SPC?
Control Chart 控制图
✓ Out of control
失控
✓ Trends 趋势
✓ Shifts 偏移
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
minimize process variation.
y 消除流程的错败
eliminate failures in our processes.
y 将产品能力尽量提升
maximize product capability.
y 加强客户满意程度
increase customer satisfaction. y
➢ Result
结果
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
什么是SPC?
10
What is SPC?
z 是否一组图表?
Is it a set of charts?
z 是否一个警告系统?
Is it a warning system?
z 是否一个预防性方法?
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
SPC价值
12 SPC Value
少报废
Less scarp
少返工
Less rework
少停机
Less down time
更佳利润
Better profit
更佳市场信誉
Good reputation in marketplace !
z 流程的稳定&能力(CP和CPK)
z
Process Stability and Capability.(CP and CPK)
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
什么是SPC?
4
What is SPC?
z z z
z利用统计技术如控制图去分析流程或其产物,以采取适当 的行动去达致及维持一个受统计技术控制的状态以及改善 流程能力.
z
z 计划--负责人,收集数据地点,频率,时间
Plan -- who, where, how often, when
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
何时及何处收集数据?
21
When & where do we get the data?
z SPC数据提供一个流程变异的 历史记录
SPC data provide a history of the variation in the process.
z 我们改善流程以减少一般原因 导致的变异
We improve the process to reduce common cause variation.
培训内容
3
Training Agenda
z 什么是SPC及SPC的益处
z
What is SPC and benefits.
z 数据的收集及测量
z
Data collection and measurement.
z 使用反应计划解决问题
z
Troubleshooting using reaction plans
z 发生问题时(特别成因)SPC数 据会发出讯号
SPC data send a signal that there’s a problem (special cause).
z 我们采取纠正行动防止问题
We take corrective action to prevent defects.
将来
For the Future
什么数据需要收集?
18
What data do we collect?
收集数据
Collect data
流程变数
Process Variables
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
z Collect data -- count or measure something.
z
z于控制图上画上数值
z Plot the data on the control chart.
z
y或...
yOR . . .
z
z计算统计数值于控制图上画上数值
z Calculate a statistic and plot the statistic on the z chart.
z
zThe use of statistical techniques such as control charts to analyze a
process or its outputs so as to take appropriate actions to achieve and
maintain a state of statistical control and to improve the process
z如何得到数据?
z How will we get the data?
z何时收集数据;多久收集一次?
z When do we collect it; how often?
z流程中哪处收集数据?
z Where in the process do we get the data?
z谁收集数据?
z Who collects the data?
如何?
How?
z我们需要一个测量系统
zWe need aቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱmeasurement system.
z z
z 方法--技巧,工具,经培训的员工
Method -- technique, tool, trained people
z 记录--数据收集表格,表达数据的格式(即控制图)
Record -- data collection sheet, format to present data (i.e., control chart)
Is it a preventive method?
SPC数据=流程的声
音
SPC data = the voice of the process!
统计技术
Statistical
收集及整理数字化 的事实数据
Collection & arrangement of numerical facts.
Data!
那一个比较好?
Which is better?
No Image
流程中作测量
Measure on-line
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
No Image
最后检查
Inspect at end
何时收集数据?
22
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
SPC步骤:WWHWWW
17
SPC Step - WWHWWW
收集数据
Collect data
z什么数据需要收集?
z What data do we need?
z为什么需要收集数据?
z Why do we need to collect data?
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
SPC价值
14 SPC Value
少挫败感及无聊时间
Less frustration & down time
更能控制工作
More control
更能对流程及产品问题作正确决定
Ability to make the right decision about process of product problems
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
统计技术及控制图
16
Statistics and Control Charts
如何运用统计技术于控制图?
How do we use these statistics on control charts?
z收集数据--数目或量度某物
FMEA 缺陷模式与后果分析
➢ Function affected
被影响的功能
➢ Potential Failure mode
潜在缺陷模式
- Potential Effect - Potential Cause - Design Control
潜在影响 潜在原因 设计控制
➢ Action Plan
行动计划
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
流程
Process
执行一件工作的一 连串步骤
Series of steps to perform a task
控制
Control
预防,预测,监管
Prevention. Prediction. Regulation.
Defectives
Scratch Plughole Open Short
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
什么是SPC?
8 What is SPC?
实验设计 DOE
介定关键的产品特性 – Determine Key Product Characteristics
SPC的知识及技巧
培训目的
2 Training Goal
z 目的--助你获得SPC的知识及技巧
z Our Goal -- To help you gain relevant SPC knowledge &
skills.
z z
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
能生产更优值的产品
Better product coming from the are in front of me
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
SPC如何帮忙?
15
How SPC Can Help
生产中
During Production
➢ 尽早指出流程问题
To identify process problems as early as possible.
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
如何收集数据?
20
How do we collect the data?
收集数据
Collect data
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
SPC价值
13 SPC Value
更佳产品质量
Better quality product
更多可靠产品
More reliable delivery
可以信赖的供应商
A supplier they can count on
产品特性
Product Features
客户要求: 功能;外观
Customer Requirements
Functional Aesthetic
19 为什么需要收集数据? Why should we collect the data?
收集数据
Collect data
为什么?
Why?
➢ 监控变异
To monitor variation.
计划确认测试的矩阵 – Plan the Matrix of Validation Tests
介定关键的变量 – Determine Key Variables
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
9 什么是SPC? What is SPC?
UCL LCL
什么是SPC?
6 What is SPC?
因果图（鱼骨图）
Cause—Effect Diagram
Cause 因
Effect 果
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
什么是SPC?
What is SPC?
7
Pareto Diagram 柏拉图
使用SPC目的
11
Using SPC Objectives
我们的SPC目的是为你提供一个有利于持续改善的工具:
Our SPC objectives is to provide you with a tool for continual improvement that helps to:
y 将流程变异减致最少
capability.
z
z
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
5 什么是SPC? What is SPC?
Control Chart 控制图
✓ Out of control
失控
✓ Trends 趋势
✓ Shifts 偏移
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
minimize process variation.
y 消除流程的错败
eliminate failures in our processes.
y 将产品能力尽量提升
maximize product capability.
y 加强客户满意程度
increase customer satisfaction. y
➢ Result
结果
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
什么是SPC?
10
What is SPC?
z 是否一组图表?
Is it a set of charts?
z 是否一个警告系统?
Is it a warning system?
z 是否一个预防性方法?
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
SPC价值
12 SPC Value
少报废
Less scarp
少返工
Less rework
少停机
Less down time
更佳利润
Better profit
更佳市场信誉
Good reputation in marketplace !
z 流程的稳定&能力(CP和CPK)
z
Process Stability and Capability.(CP and CPK)
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
什么是SPC?
4
What is SPC?
z z z
z利用统计技术如控制图去分析流程或其产物,以采取适当 的行动去达致及维持一个受统计技术控制的状态以及改善 流程能力.
z
z 计划--负责人,收集数据地点,频率,时间
Plan -- who, where, how often, when
SPC for Operators - Version 2.1 – Mar. 10, 2001
何时及何处收集数据?
21
When & where do we get the data?
z SPC数据提供一个流程变异的 历史记录
SPC data provide a history of the variation in the process.
z 我们改善流程以减少一般原因 导致的变异
We improve the process to reduce common cause variation.
培训内容
3
Training Agenda
z 什么是SPC及SPC的益处
z
What is SPC and benefits.
z 数据的收集及测量
z
Data collection and measurement.
z 使用反应计划解决问题
z
Troubleshooting using reaction plans
z 发生问题时(特别成因)SPC数 据会发出讯号
SPC data send a signal that there’s a problem (special cause).
z 我们采取纠正行动防止问题
We take corrective action to prevent defects.
将来
For the Future