Unit 1 People of achievement【核心词汇】(解析版)

核心词汇 Unit1 （解析版）
2021-2022学年高二英语上册链接教材精准变式练（人教版）
教材原句 P2
This year's Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou(co-winner),whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin ，a crucial new treatment for malaria.
本年度的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖已授予屠呦呦（得主之一），她通过研究发现了青蒿素，一种至关重要的新型抗疟疾药物。

be crucial to/for ….对……至关重要
play a crucial role/part in.在…中起至关重要的作用
常见搭配
lt is crucial that.………极其重要（that 引导的主语从句中谓语要
用"should ＋动词原形"的形式，should 可以省略）
例句：
Early diagnosis of illness is crucial to/for successful treatment.
这种疾病的早期诊断对于治疗的成功至关重要。

Body language is the key to communication,so proper gestures and postures play a crucial role in our daily life.
肢体语言是沟通的关键，所以恰当的手势和姿势在我们的日常生活中起着至关重要的作用。

It is crucial that all students （should ）develop these basic skills.所有学生都要培养这些基本技能，这是极其重要的。

完成句子
1.球迷的支持对我们赢得超级杯非常关键。

The support of our fans _________________our winning the Super Cup.
2. 周六，安德森在球队3比2 获胜中起了关键作用。

教材核心词汇知识链接及典例解读
Anderson____________________the team's 3-2 victory on Saturday.
3.关键是要马上处理这一问题。

It is crucial that the problem ________________________immediately.
【答案解析】1.is crucial to/for
2.played a crucial role/part in
3.(should)be deal with
教材原句
Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria and is thought to save 100，000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾至关重要的成分，据估计，每年仅在非洲就能拯救10 万人的生命。

be vital to/for..对……极为重要
It is vital to do sth.做某事很重要
常见搭配
lt is vital that.………尤为重要（that 引导的主语从句中谓语要
用"should＋动词原形"的形式，should 可以省略）
例句：
Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now.
这些措施尽管并非永远有效，但目前至关重要。

If the injuries are second or third degree bums,it is vital to get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.
如果是二度或三度烧伤，那么立刻带伤者去看医生或者去医院是至关重要的。

It is vital that we should be in a god state of mind in the face of failure.
面对失败，我们要有良好的心态，这很重要。

1. 语法填空
①（天津阅读理解改编）
Understanding history is vital____________understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.
②To understand culture shock,it is vital_________________(understand) what culture is.
2.单句写作
你应该完全按我刚说的去做，这至关重要。

______________________________________________________
【答案解析】1.①to/for②to understand
2.I's vital that you(should)do exactly as I just said.
教材语境P2 ：Tu Youyou，a committed and patient scientist，was born In Ningbo, China,on 30 December 1930,and graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.屠呦呦是一位尽职尽责、锲而不舍的科学家，1930年12 月30 日出生于中国宁波，1955 年毕业于北京大学医学部。

用法详解
常见搭配：be committed to（doing）sth.致力于（做）某事
>Mr Li is a committed teacher，who is very popular among students.
李老师是一位尽职尽责的老师，很受学生欢迎。

The hotel continues to be committed to providing customers with"Safe Facilities Healthy Environment and Excellent Service".
这家酒店继续致力于为顾客提供"安全设施、健康环境和优质服务"。

归纳拓展相关词语积累∶
（1）commit ①vt.承诺，保证;做（错事），犯（罪）
commit oneself to ( doing) sth.
be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺（做）某事
commit a crime/a mistake 犯罪/犯错误
I have committed myself to joining the task for at least the coming year.
我已答应至少明年要参与这项任务。

②vt.投人（钱、时间、人力等）commit..to.投入………于……
》A lot of money has been committed to this project.这个项目已经投入了很多钱。

（2）commitment n.【C，U】许诺，承诺;【U】（对工作或某活动）献身，奉献，投入【C，U】（资金、时间、人力的）花费，使用
make a commitment to sb./sth. 对某人/某物作出承诺
make a commitment to do sth./to doing sth.保证/承诺做某事
carry out one's commitment 履行某人的承诺
语法填空
1.（2020·四川南充校级月考）As fewer people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft（手艺）might have become a distant memory in a way.However,a 38-year-old craftsman,Li Jiangzhong, is___________(commit) to keeping this art alive.
2.（江苏高考完形填空改编）But he quickly found that he loved playing this instrument（乐器），and was committed to____________(practice)it so that within a couple of months he was reasonably well.
3.I was deeply impressed by the energy and________________(commit)shown by players.
【答案解析】mitted 2.practicing 3. commitment
【常见搭配
承认做了某事
承认
认为……·是……
普遍认为.
>Finally Mike acknowledged having made a mistake.= Finally Mike acknowledged that he had made a mistake.最后，迈克承认犯了错误。

>She is widely acknowledged as the best tennis player in the world.= It is widely acknowledged that she is the best tennis player in the world.普遍认为她是世界最佳网球选手。

（2）vt.（公开）感谢;告知收悉
>I would like to acknowledge all the help I have received from my family.我想要感谢我的家人给予我的所有帮助。

All applications will be acknowledged.所有的申请都将得到复函告知收悉。

归纳拓展
acknowledgement n.【sing.，U】承认;【C，U】感谢
语法填空
①She has been acknowledged_______ the most promising female scientist in her research area.
②（2020·湖北宜昌检测）It's generally__________(acknowledge)that health is the most important to everyone.
【答案解析】①as ②acknowledged
Tu Youyou and her team members even insisted on testing the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持以身试药，以确保药物的安全性。

用法详解
（1）vi.&vt.坚持，坚决要求
insist on/upon（sb./sb.'s）doing sth.坚决要求（某人）做某事
insist that…坚持/坚决要求……（从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用"should＋动词原形"的形式，should 可以省略）
I tell my mom that if we're forced to eat things, we may become ill. But she insists on us eating healthy food.我告诉妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西的话，我们可能会生病。

但她坚持要我们吃健康的食物。

（2020·全国Ⅲ卷）
told her that she shouldn't swim after a whole night's coughing,but she insisted that she should go.我告诉她不应该在咳嗽一整夜之后去游泳，但是她坚持要去。

（2）vi.&vt.坚持说。

此时insist后跟从句时，从句用陈述语气。

He was stubborn，and he insisted that he was innocent.他很固执，并坚持说他是无辜的。

特别提醒
与insist用法相似的词还有suggest。

当suggest作"建议"讲时，其后的从句要用虚拟语气;作"表明，暗示"讲时，其后的从句用陈述语气。

>What he said just now suggests that he didn’t do well in the test,so I suggest that you（should）not talk to him at the moment.他刚才说的话表明他考试考得不好，所以我建议你这会儿不要和他说话。

1.语法填空
①She insisted_________ our going to Shanghai by high-speed train as it is much faster and more comfortable.
②He insisted that I_________(take) back what I said,but I insisted that my words_______(be)right.
2.完成句子
在警察萨姆的帮助下，贾斯廷被找到了，所以贾斯廷的母亲坚持要给他一份礼物作为回报。

With the help of the policeman Sam,Justin was found, so Justin's mother_______________ a gift as a reward.
【答案解析】1.①on/upon
②(should)take;were
2.insisted that Sam（should）be given或insisted that she（should）give Sam或insisted on/upon giving Sam
教材语境P4 Did you come to any conclusions?你得出结论了吗?
用法详解conclusion n.【C】结论;【C，usually sing. 】结束
得出结论
匆忙下结论
最后（用于文章或讲话的末尾，表示即将结束）
使……结束
We’ll have a further discussion before we come to a conclusion.
得出结论之前我们将做进一步的讨论。

In conclusion，I'd like to thank you for all you've done for me.最后，我要感谢你为我所做的一切。

We know well what difficulties we have to cope with to bring our work to a successful conclusion.
我们很清楚，要圆满完成我们的工作需要克服什么困难。

归纳拓展相关词语积累;
conclude v.得出结论，推断出;vt.& vi.（使）结束，终止
语法填空：
①（辽宁省实验中学期中）________conclusion,I think Ms Sullvan should be Educator of the Year. Even if she doesn’t get the honour,she still deserves our respect and love!
②I can conclude________what you have said that you are unhappy about the news.
2.用conclusion 的相关短语完成句子
①（2020·广东深圳期中）From the above discussion we can_____________（得出结论）that success comes t anyone who keeps working hard and never gives up.
②（2019·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解改编）When he_______________________________（圆满地结束演讲时），his teacher and the rest of the class praised him.
【答案解析】1.①In ②from 2. ①come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion
②brought his speech to a nice conclusion
教材语境P5 There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.我们没有办法帮助琳达。

她的情况是我们无法控制的。

用法详解
circumstance n.【C，usually pl.】环境，条件，状况;境况，境遇
social circumstances 社会环境
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此
under/in no circumstances 决不，无论如何不（放在句首时句子要部分倒装）
Remember that goals are flexible.They can change according to circumstances.
记住目标是灵活的。

它们可以根据情况而改变。

（2019·全国Ⅱ卷）
In/Under the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。

Under no circumstances did I expect that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job.当我决定接受这份工作时，我完全没有料到会遇到这么多问题。

完成句子
1.他们在这种情况下还做得那么好，这真令人惊奇。

It's amazing that they did so well
2.无论如何我们都不应该放弃我们的梦想。

Under no circumstances
【答案解析】1.under/in the circumstances 2.should we give up our dreams
;兴建（城镇或国家）;把……建立在
教材语境P6 founded high-tech and futuristic companies 创建高科技和未来派公司由用法详解
常见搭配>
be founded on…建立在……基础上（其近义词组为be based on）
>Harvard University，founded in 1636，is the oldest university in the United States.
创办于1636 年的哈佛大学是美国最古老的大学。

The town was founded by English settlers in 1970.这座城镇是英格兰移民于1970年建立的。

》His theory is founded on facts.他的理论是建立在事实上的。

B归纳拓展相关词语积累∶
（1）foundation n.【C，usually pl.】地基;【C，U】基础，根据lay a（film/solid）foundation for…为…打下（坚实的）基础（
（2）founder n. 【C】创办者，发起人
一．单词拼写
1. The success of this experiment is crucial(关键性的) to the project as a whole.
2．These people are short of all understanding of scientific(科学的) principles.
3．At that time, I insisted(坚决要求) that they should wait for our return.
4．The coach tried to analyse(分析) the cause of our defeat.
5．The report concluded(得出结论) that no big changes were necessary.
6．To their sadness, they failed to carry out all their objectives(目标)．
7．The plan might work better with more favourable circumstances(环境)．
8．It is distinct(清晰的) that smoking is harmful to health.
9．She decided to go on her study after obtaining(获得) her first degree.
10．He acknowledged(承认) that the accident was due to his carelessness.
二．单句语法填空
1.题目He is widely _____________(acknowledge) as the best player in the world.
【答案】acknowledged
【解析】be acknowledged as 被承认是
2.题目He was ________________(apparent) much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten.
【答案】apparently
【解析】副词修饰much surprised.
3.题目He insist on _____________(give) every detail of the case.
【答案】being given
【解析】句意为：他坚决要求说明事情的整个来龙去脉。

He为give的主语补足语。

4.题目The key to success as a romantic _____________( novel) is absolute belief in your story.
【答案】novelist
【解析】句意为：一个浪漫派小说家成功的关键在于对自己故事的绝对相信。

因为后面是belief in, 所以前面是小说家，是“人”，而不是小说。

5.题目He tried boiling fresh wormwood, and _________(use) the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria.
【答案】using
【解析】boiling和suing并列，为tried的宾语。

6.题目I saw leaves moving__________(gentle) in the breeze.
【答案】gently
【解析】副词修饰动词move。

7.题目In the war, they narrowly avoided____________(defeat) by the enemy.
【答案】being defeated
【解析】句意为：战争中他们差点被敌人打败。

avoid doing sth.
8.题目Tu Youyou’s research led to the discovery of artemisinin, ____crucial new treatment for malaria.
【答案】a
【解析】treatment在此为可数名词，“一种治疗方法”。

9.题目Upon ________(arrive), he hugge my uncle and tried to give him courage.
【答案】arrival
【解析】句意为：他一到来就拥抱我的叔叔，想尽量给他勇气。

10. 题目They did an experiment and compared the physical ________(property) of the two substances.
【答案】properties
【解析】句意为：他们做了实验比较了这两种物质的物理特性。

三．单句改错
1.Artemisinin is thought to save 100,000 life a year in Africa alone.
【答案】life 改为lives
【解析】此处life为生命，可数名词。

2.Boiled the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.
【答案】Boiled 改为Boiling
【解析】Boiling为动名词做主语
3.We talked about music, and food, and holiday destinations, and gradual established a kinship.
【答案】gradual改为gradually
【解析】句意为：我们谈论了音乐、食物以及度假目的地，逐渐就亲密起来。

gradually 副词修饰动词。

4.On October 6, Tu Youyou was awarded with the Nobel Prize.
【答案】with去掉
【解析】award的用法为award sb. sth.
5.They will send in trained nurses evaluate the needs of the individual patient.
【答案】evaluate 前加to
【解析】to evaluate 不定式表目的。

四、语法填空
TU Youyou, 84, 1 (honor) with the Nobel Prize in Physiology (生理学) or Medicine on Oct 5. She was 2 first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science. Tu shared the prize 3 the Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura of Japan.
Tu is a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She was honored for 4 (develop) artemisinin , “a new drug therapy against malaria” 5 has saved millions of lives worldwide, 6 (especial) in developing countries, the Nobel Assembly said on its website.
Tu and her colleagues 7 (join) a government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s. They made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese 8 (medicine) books. In 1971, after more than 190 9 (fail), Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against the malaria parasites (寄生虫) – artemisinin.
“The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine. It’s the collective achievement of the research team. 10 (win) the prize is an honor for China’s science and traditional Chinese medicine,” Tu told Xinhua.
【答案】 1. was honored 2. the 3. with 4. developing 5.that
6. especially
7. joined
8. medical
9. failures 10. Winning。