新目标英语八年级上册unit 8 9 11 12语法重点

Unit 8 动词过去式
一．动词过去式的构成分为规则动词和不规则动词两类。

1.规则动词过去式的构成
二．如何学习一般过去式的构成
1.一般过去式无人称和数的变化。

did not =didn’t 后面必须接动词原形。

2.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1999, a few days ago 等，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

3.一般过去式的肯定式、否定式、疑问式和简略答语可以分为be动词、实义动词和there be 句型三种情况进行归纳。

（1）be动词的过去式的句型结构：
肯定句：主语+was/were+…否定句：主语+wasn’t/weren’t+…
疑问句：Was/Were+主语+…简单回答：Yes,主语+was/were. //No,主语+wasn’t/weren’.
（2）实义动词的过去式的句型结构：
肯定句：主语+动词的过去式…否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形…
疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形…简单回答:Yes,主语+did. //No, 主语+didn’t.
(3)there be 句型的过去式的句型结构
肯定句：There was/were+主语+…否定句：There wasn’t/weren’t+主语+…
疑问句：Was/Were there+主语+…简单回答:Yes,there+was/were.
练习Ⅰ.句型转换
1. I saw some sharks in the aquarium.(改为否定句)
I sharks in the aquarium.
2. He took a vacation in Spain last year.(改为一般疑问句)
he in Spain last year?
3. I was born in Wuhan.(对划线部分提问) you born?
4. There was only one panda in the zoo last month.(同上)
There in the zoo last month?
5. My school trip was great.(同上) Your school trip? Ⅱ.写出过去式。

am, carry, stop, write, want, tell, plan, are, answer, make, speak, play, pay, keep, teach, run, get, come, drink, teach, send, give, feel, hear, see, know, may, read, say, spend, spell, think, throw, will, win, beat, cut, cost
Unit9 句子的类型
1.简单句。

简单句的五种基本类型：
（1）主语+谓语（不及物动词）
（2）主语+谓语（及物动词）
（3）主语+连系动词+表语
（4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
举例，The boy laughed. （）
We study English. （）
They are students. （）
The flowers turn red in spring. （）
The teacher asked me two questions. （）
We call him Xiao Li. （）
2.并列句。

即：简单句+并列连词+简单句
常用的并列连词有：and, but, so, far, or, yet, then, while, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…等。

2.复合句。

主句+从句=复合句
从句又分别有：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，定语从句，状语从句，同位语从句。

如何学习状语从句
状语从句可分为时间、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较、条件、地点、方式状语从句。

Eg. I’ll go there by bike if it is fine tomorrow. (条件状语从句)
Please tell her about it when she comes back.(时间状语从句)
I didn’t BUY the dictionary yeaterday because my mother had bought one for me.(原因状语从句)
如何区分when， while, as 引导的时间状语从句？
1.when 引导的时间状语从句既可以指一段时间，也可指时间点，从句谓语动词既可以是延续的，
也可以是短暂性的。

Eg. When they heard the good news, they jumped with joy.
When she was having her lunch, she heard the door bell ring.
2.while引导的时间状语从句一般指一段时间，偏重壮语或动作的过程，从句谓语为表状态或延续
性的动词，可用进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时。

Eg. Could you look after her for me while I am away?
While some of the students were stopping the traffic, the boys were crying.
3.as 引导的时间状语从句多表示从句动作与主句动作同时进行，意为“一边…一边…”。

Eg. As his brother was going out, it began to rain.
4.当从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，when, while as三个词可以互换。

Eg. As/When/While we were watching TV yesterday, my grandma came to see us.
Unit 11
如何掌握情态动词can和could 的用法
1.表示能力，相当于be able to, could 是can的过去式。

（1）John can drive, but he can’t ride a bicycle.
（2）My son could read and write when he was four years old.
2.表示可能性和推测，can多用于否定句或疑问句中，could 主要用于虚拟语气的句子中。

（1）The story can not be true.
（2）I think it’s all right. She can not make a mistake.
3.表示许可或请求别人许可，此时could不是表示过去，而是表示语气，could比can语气更加委
婉客气。

（1）Could/Can you tell me the way to the post office, please?
（2）Could/Can you give me a lift to the station?
（3）-Could I please go to the movies? -Yes, you can.
1. A: I ask you a question?
B: Yes, you . But you wait a moment.
2. A: I use yor ruler?
B: Sorry. I am using it. Ask Kate. She have one.
3. A: you help me do the cooking?
B: OK. I am coming.
4. A: you answer the question in English?
B: Sorry, I . I answer it in French?
A: No, you .You answer it in Japanese.
5. A: you do the washing?
B: But I finish my homework first.
Unit 12如何掌握形容词的比较级和最高级
形容词可分为原级﹑比较级﹑和最高级，其用法和构成如下：
1.表示两者之间比较时要用形容词的比较级，表示“比”时用“than”。

Eg. Tom is taller than Jack.
This box is bigger than that one.
2.表示三者或三者以上的比较时用形容词的最高级，其意义是“最……”。

最高级前一般要用
冠词the。

Eg. The box is the heaviest of the three.
The book is the best of all.
3.比较级﹑最高级构成的规律（大多数单音节﹑双音节形容词）。

『见课本P93』
如何解答形容词的等级方面的考题，应从以下几点入手：
1.弄清形容词的原级﹑比较级﹑和最高级的表达意义：比较级是指两者之间的比较级，而最
高级指的是三者或三者以上的比较。

2.从题目中寻找关键的字眼。

一般来说，如than，much修饰的形容词形式需要用比较级。

very,
rather, quiet修饰的形容词要用原级。

有短语in our school, in all, of all等，则形容词需要用最高级。

3.牢记一些形容词的特殊表达形式如as…as, not…as…as,用原级形式；less than 不及，
more than 超过，“比较级+比较级”表示“越来越”。

【典型例题】
1. 他是三个男孩中个子最高的。

He is the three boys.
2. He is much (hard-working) than I.
3. He is (最好的)student in our class.
4. I don’t know which T-shirt was , so I took them both.
5. 上海是中国最大的城市。

Shanghai is in China.
6.这本书没有那本书有趣。

This book is than that one.
7. 这首歌越来越流行。

This song is getting .
8.自然和数学一样重要。

Science is math.
9. The he eats, the he looks.
A. more; thinner
B. more; fatter
C. much; heavier
D. more; heavy
10.-Hi, Andrew, how can you improve your English so much?
-Oh, nothing difficult. The you work at it, the progress you will make.
A. harder; more
B. more; hardly
C. hardlier; greater
D. harder; great
11. This math problem is that one.
A. so easy as
B. as difficult as
C. much difficult than
D. less easier than
12. It is nice of you to say so. A. truly B. true C. really
13. Please take the medicine three times a day, it won’t work well.
A. and
B. but
C. or
D. so。