音标教学第四讲、语音语调

语音语调（三）
一、连读：
在连贯的语流中，前一个词的尾辅音和后面紧跟的词的词首是元音时，就自然地拼在一起读，这称之为连读,如：a lot of, one o f us, most o f us, all o f us, look a t it, a map of China, an exercise-book,
二、失去爆破：又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面的音。

3对爆破音：/p/，/b/，/t/，/d/，/k/，/g/
6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。

The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.
The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.
Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?
What would you like, ho(t) tea or bla(ck) coffee?
三、语调：英语的语调总的特点是，全句的调子一般都是由高逐渐降低，语调主要表现在句末，升调和降调通常分别用“↗”和“↘”来表示。

（1）升调
升调常用来表示不肯定，语意未完，或表示礼貌，常有含蓄、委婉、安慰、虚心征求意见等意味。

升调的用法可归纳为以下五种情况：
①一般疑问句通常用升调。

Are they `cleaning the ↗classroom?
Did he `go `there `alone `last ↗night?
Has your `father` finished the `work ↗yet?
②数数、列举事物或列举一连串的动作时，除最后那个并列成分用降调外，前面所有的并列成分都要用升调。

`Let’s `count our `new ↘books. ↗One, ↗two, ↗three, ↗four, ↘five. `Oh, we have ↘five new books.
We’d `like a `bottle of ↗coke, `two `bottles of `apple ↗juice, a ↗hamburger and `two ↗cakes.
He `got ↗up, `got ↗dressed, `brushed his ↗teeth, `washed his ↗face, `had his ↗breakfast, and `then `quickly `went to ↘school.
③选择疑问句的语调分为两个部分，or前的部分用升调，or后的部分用降调，记成“前升后降”。

Is her `answer ↗right or ↘wrong?
Would you `like a `cup of ↗tea or a `glass of ↘milk?
`Which `colour do you `like `better, `light ↗blue or `dark ↘blue?
`Which do you pre`fer, `going to the ↗cinema or `going ↘swimming?
④反意疑问句的语调也得分两种情况：若说话者对所陈述的内容没有把握，想询问对方这一廉洁是否正确，则陈述句部分用降调，简略问句用升调；若说话者对所陈述的内容已经很有把握，只是想要对方同意自己的观点，或是想
从对方那里得到证实，则前后两部分都用降调。

--Y our `uncle is ↘tall, ↗isn’t he? --↘No, he’s very ↘short.
Y ou `like ↘apples, ↗don’t you?
-- Y ou `won’t `go `there to↘morrow, ↗will you? -- ↘Y es, I ↘will.
It’s `quite a `nice ↘picture, ↘isn’t it?
Y ou were `born in `19`89. So you are ↘fifteen, ↘aren’t you?
⑤含状语从句的复合句的语调也要分两种情况：若主句在前，从句在后，主句结束时意思已比较完整，则通常用降调，整个句子读完时也应该用降调；但是，若从句在前，主句在后，则常常是“前升后降”。

I was `drawing a ↘picture when my `mother `came ↘back.
`When she `got to the ↗station, the `train had `already ↘left.
（2）降调
在英语句子中，降调的使用比升调更为广泛，它表示肯定、决断、坚决或终结，但有时含有生硬、不容质疑的意味。

降调的用法可归纳为以下七种：
①陈述句用降调：
`Lucy is `cleaning her ↘bedroom.
`Mary `wrote a `letter to her `friend `last ↘night.
②特殊疑问句也用降调：
`What have you `done with your my ↘bike?
`Which `shirt do you ↘like?
`Where does your `English `teacher ↘come from?
③表示命令的祈使句也常用降调：
`David, `open the ↘door..
`Go and `ask your ↘father.
`Let’s `go and `have a ↘look.
④问候用语常用降调，以示真诚：
Good ↘morning.
Good ↘evening.
⑤感谢用语也常用降调，以表示诚挚的谢意：
`Thanks a ↘lot.
`Thank you `very ↘much.
⑥感叹句用降调：
What a ↘lovely day!
What an ↘exciting sports meeting!。