2018高考英语北师大版一轮复习构想检测 选修八 课时作

课时作业22Unit 22Environmental Protection
一、单元跟踪过关
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．As she got off her bike and put it against the gate post, she focused on the path leading (lead) to the house and then on the house itself.
2．The sentence, which puzzled John, was also beyond me and we had to turn to our English teacher for help.
3．The mother sacrificed many things to_get (get) her daughter a good education.
4．As teachers, we should be considerate (consider) of our students' feelings. And then they will trust us.
5．It isn't wise to spend all your salary every month. Keep some money in reserve, just in case.
6．Language is the carrier of culture and in turn it's influenced by culture.
7．The child asked his mother if/whether he could go out to play tennis.
8．Do you know your personal details are_being_gathered (gather) secretly, when you are surfing the Internet from your home?
9．Obama's financial plan, to_be_carried (carry) out around the country, is intended to improve the current economic situation.
10．For sustainable development, I advocate we should substitute coventional energy with/by renewable energy.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He has made very clear that he will never change his mind.
made后加上it
2．Can't you just mind your own business and leaving me alone?
leaving→le ave
3．A modern city has been set up in where was a wasteland ten years ago.
where→what
4．The reason why he was late for the meeting was because he missed the early bus.
because→that
5．The project costs too much, and that's why I am not in the favour of it.
将the删除
6．It is time for us to set aside our differences but work together for a common purpose.
but→and
7．In order not be late for school, the boy got up ten minutes earlier than usual that morning.
not后加上to
8．The Great Wall was the only place of interest where Jim visited during his stay in China.
where→that(或者将where删除)
9．I had been so busy with my work in the last two years that I only went online occasionally.
had→have
10．The police were looked into the case to find out who was the murderer.
looked→loo king
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．从各方面来说，那都是极大的成功。

All_in_all it had been a great success.
2．你往远处看，便可以看见村庄里的灯光。

Look_ahead in the distance, and you can see the light of the village.
3．我们得采取行动来制止他们。

We have to take_action_to_stop them.
4．他除了脸部和双手受伤以外，两条腿也断了。

Apart_from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.
5．保罗的母亲因为自己无力抚养他，便将他送给别人收养了。

Paul's mother had_him_adopted because she couldn't look after him herself.
二、高考模拟写作
(2017·山西联考)假如你是李华，你的美国网友David能很好地进行公开演讲，但却不善于与他人交流，因此缺少朋友，经常感到很孤独。

请你据此给他写一封电子邮件。

内容要点如下：
1．对他的情况表示同情；
2．建议他加入辩论队或话剧社等社团并说明原因；
3．相信他会走出困境。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear David，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
答案：
范文赏读
Dear_David,_
I'm glad to hear from you.I'm really sorry to hear you're feeling lonely.Here is my advice for you.
Have you thought of using your talent to join the debate team or drama club, which would be good ways of meeting new friends？Common hobbies are the basis of making friends.What's more, I advise you to talk to others actively.If you try talking to one or two people each day, you'll figure out who is interested in befriending you.After all, friendships start with conversations.
I hope these will help you to make more friends.And I'm convinced that you will get out of the trouble.
Yours_sincerely,_
Li_Hua
are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers;
are part of the TDSB student's timetable; and,
appear on the student's report upon completion.
Benefits of e­Learning
access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school
using technology to provide students with current information; and
assistance to solve timetable conflicts.
Is e­Learning for You?
able to plan, organize time and complete assignments and activities
capable of working
able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet access.
Students need to spend at least as much time with their on­line course work as they would in a face­to­face classroom course.
语篇解读本文介绍了多伦多地区的中学网络课程计划。

1．E­Learning courses are d ifferent from other TDSB courses in that ________.
A. they are given by best TDSB teachers
B. they are not on the day school timetable
C. they are not included on students' reports
D. they are an addition to TDSB courses
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。

根据Benefits of e­Learning中的“access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school”可知网络课程内容包含多伦多地区学校没有的课程，因此本题答案是D。

2．What do students need to do before completing e­Learning courses?
A. To learn information technology on­line.
B. To do their assignments independently.
C. To update their mobile devices regularly.
D. To talk face to face with their teachers.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。

根据“Is e­Learning for You”中的“capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner”可知学生需要独立完成布置的作业才能完成网络课程，因此B项正确。

B
(2017·湖南模拟)
The Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity
Challenge Dare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!
The Cambridge Science Festival(CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge.The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.
Students are being dared to draw a picture，write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum,265 Mass Avenue，Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.
Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st.Guest speakers
will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book.Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.
Between March 10th and March 15th，each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration.The program guidelines and other related information are available at: http：//.
语篇解读本文主要介绍了剑桥科技节第六届好奇心挑战活动的相关信息。

3．What requirement is needed for the entry to the challenge?
A．It is created by students under 12 years old.
B．It should be sent to the CSF by March 10th.
C．It can be artwork or pieces of writing.
D．It should explore the science of curiosity.
答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and h ow it inspires them to explore their world”可知，C项正确。

4．Which of the following is Not true about the winners?
A．They will be honored at a special ceremony after the CSF.
B．Their entries will be exhibited and published in a book.
C．Their families will be welcome to attend the celebration.
D．They will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony.
答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st”可知，颁奖仪式将在剑桥科技节期间举行。

故A项错误。

5．What type of writing is this text?
A．An exhibition guide. B．An art show review.
C．An announcement. D．An official report.
答案与解析：C 考查推理判断。

根据文章的内容尤其是最后一段中的“The program guidelines and other related information are available at：http：//”可推知，这是一个通知。

故选C。

选项A“展览手册”、选项B“艺术展回顾”和选项D“官方报道”均不符合题意。

二、完形填空
Casper Lewis trained his players, and many were excellent. First, he designed his teaching plan, excellent and__6__， which worked best in practice.__7__， unlike
many coaches(教练), he never raised his voice __8__ in praise. Third, he never talked about winning. That's not what the game was about. Besides, if we did everything __9__ as coaches and players, winning would take care of __10__. After a few seasons of Casper's coaching, we __11__ the lead. Every player responded by __12__ himself to prove to each other and to Casper that he was excellent.
One day, Casper came and told me he was __13__ to be head coach in a well­known college. “__14__ Casper！” I said, “It shows how excellent you are that a college should choose a coach from a middle school.”
“I think I'll give it up，” he said, “I __15__ my work here.”
“But think of the opportunity！” I let out a cry.
He __16__ the opportunity at last. The next year I __17__ that school and went to a better school. Years went by. I was told the school team wasn't __18__ football games any more and kids went to other schools. There were stories about Casper __19__ with his players, and screaming at the judges. Casper was still using the same teaching plan he'd __20__ when I was assisting him. The teams in other schools had __21__ up. Everyone begged him to change. __22__ he showed every sign of a person who had stayed in the __23__ position too long. Finally, the headmaster had to take away his coaching __24__.
I still respect him, for I learned a lot from him as one of his __25__.
语篇解读本文主要关于一位杰出的教练不能与时俱进，最后落得失败下场的故事。

6. A．dull B．interesting
C．violent D．expensive
答案与解析：B 他所设计的教案，质量极好，生动有趣(interesting)。

violent意为“暴力的”；expensive意为“贵的”。

7. A．Thus B．Then
C．Otherwise D．Second
答案与解析：D 第一段讲的是这位教练深得人心的几点教学品质。

由前面的First可知选Second。

这是平等列举，没有时间上先后，排除then。

8. A．except B．besides
C．across D．beneath
答案与解析：A 从上下文的语境可知：教练关怀学生，批评声小，但是(except)赞扬声大。

beneath意为“在……之下”。

9. A．poor B．pure
C．right D．tough
答案与解析：C 如果我们作为教练和运动员在每个方面都做对(right)的话，赢就是自然的事。

pure意为“纯洁的”；tough意为“艰苦的”。

10. A．it B．us
C．itself D．them
答案与解析：C 填写的部分就是winning本身(itself)。

主语与宾语同指一“人”或“物”时，宾语要用反身代词。

11. A．deleted B．missed
C．gained D．buried
答案与解析：C 在几个赛季后，我们开始领先(gained the lead)。

delete意为“消除”；bury意为“埋”；miss意为“丢失；想念”。

12. A．challenging B．helping
C．killing D．comforting
答案与解析：A 运动员对教练的赞赏做出回应——通过挑战(challenging)自我来证明自己。

13. A．forced B．invited
C．decreased D．determined
答案与解析：B 有一天Casper来到我的办公室，告诉我他被邀请(invited)到一所知名大学当教练。

14. A．Anyway, B．Oh, no!
C．OK? D．Congratulations!
答案与解析：D 听说同仁高迁，自然脱口而出祝贺(Congratulations)。

Anyway意为“无论如何”，用于说话时语气转折。

Oh，no侧重发生不幸时表示惊讶。

Oh，really表示惊讶、怀疑等。

15. A．keep B．change
C．hate D．love
答案与解析：D 由前句他说放弃这个机会，可知他热爱(love)这儿的工作。

16. A．turned to B．turned down
C．turned up D．turned in
答案与解析：B turn down意为“拒绝；关小”；turn to意为“转向，求助于”；turn up意为“调大；出现”；turn in意为“上交”。

17. A．left B．entered
C．corrected D．ruined
答案与解析：A 由后文我去了另一所更好的学校可知我离开了(left)。

18. A．separating B．dismissing
C．defeating D．winning
答案与解析：D 有人告诉我现在校队不再赢得(winning)比赛了，情况与以前完全相反，学生离开本校队去别的学校的了。

defeat意为“击败”。

19. A．studying B．talking
C．quarrelling D．running
答案与解析：C Casper与以前大不一样，同队员争吵(quarrelling)。

20. A．bought B．designed
C．digested D．corrected
答案与解析：B 这么多年来，他设计的(designed)教案没有变化。

没有创新，所以没有生命力了。

digest意为“消化”。

21. A．caught B．taken
C．made D．rung
答案与解析：A 其他校队已经赶上(caught up)来了。

take up意为“占据；拿起；从事”；make up意为“组成；化装；编造”。

ring up意为“打电话”。

22. A．And B．But
C．So D．Or
答案与解析：B 上下文为转折关系用But。

23. A．different B．low
C．same D．competitive
答案与解析：C在同一个(same)职位上待得太久的劣势在他身上体现了出来。

competitive意为“竞争的”。

24. A．quality B．courage
C．thought D．position
答案与解析：D 校长不得不解除他的职位(position)。

25. A．assistants B．classmates
C．directors D．students
答案与解析：A 由15空后when I was assisting him可知，本文作者曾是Casper的助手(assistants)。

三、语法填空
You must first set your goals if you are to accomplish anything in a big way. Goals give you a starting place and a destination. People __26__ goals succeed because they know __27__ they're going. Plant your dreams, nourish and begin to live them. __28__ most important thing about a goal is having one.
The first law of success is concentration. Bend __29__ of your energies to one
point, and go directly to that point, __30__(look) neither to the right nor the left. Concentration is the magic key __31__ opens the door to accomplishment. Success is the result of well directed energy. You can, in time, become what you desire to be, if you set your face in the direction of the things you want and bring all your powers to bear towards its __32__(attain). When your physical and mental resources __33__(focus), your power to solve problems multiplies tremendously. To do two things at once is to do neither. Nothing can add __34__ (much) power to your life as much as concentrating all your energies on a limited set of targets. The sun's rays do not burn __35__ they are brought to a focus.
26．__________ 27.__________ 28.__________
29．__________ 30.__________ 31.__________
32．__________ 33.__________ 34.__________
35．__________
答案：
语篇解读本文主要告诫人们要想成功就必须确立目标，而且只确立一个目标，然后精力集中在这一个目标上，这才是成功的定律。

26．with 考查介词。

已有主语people，名词goals不作主语或宾语，前面一定是填介词，以便作介词的宾语；表示“有”，用介词with。

27．where 考查名词性从句。

在动词know后应为宾语从句，由are going可知，用表示地点的where引导。

28．The 考查冠词。

形容词最高级前用the。

29．all 考查代词。

作bend的宾语，应为名词或代词；由语境可知，是将“全部”精力集中到一点，故用代词all。

30．looking 考查非谓语动词。

在句中做伴随状语，因此用动词­ing形式。

31．that 考查定语从句。

引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，用关系代词that或which。

32．attainment 考查名词。

在介词(towards)或者形容词性物主代词(its)后，一定是用名词形式。

33．are focused 考查时态和语态。

因主语resources与focus是被动关系，且由语境可知，是一般现在时，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

34．more 考查比较级。

由语境可知，是nothing与concentrating all your energies 作比较。

35．until 考查时间状语从句。

not...until...(直到……才……)是个较固定的句型。

B卷
一、阅读理解
A
(2017·河南模拟)Now that newsrooms are becoming less popular in the US, young people have begun to tell their own stories.
GlobalGirl Media, a n on­profit organization that teaches teenage girls digital storytelling skills, was started by awardwinning filmmakers Amie Williams and Meena Nanji in Los Angeles in 2010.
“By giving girls a voice, you introduce a different story, and change the existing one，” said Danny Glover, a member of the GlobalGirl Media advisory board.
“When the camera's in my hands, I feel like I can't lose，”said Cheyenne Grisez, 14. “It makes me happy and I feel like I can do anything.”
On the final day of the summer academy in California, Williams worked with Grisez and Camila Prado, 15, on a short film about Prado's fight against an eating disorder. In the film, Prado bravely interviewed her parents and sister about how she was able to beat her depression and eating disorder. This film and others the girls had made were shown to parents and friends on the last day of the academy, celebrating their hard work.
“It's their story, and nobody knows how to tell it better than they do，” Williams said.
“These girls are from really difficu lt backgrounds. They feel trapped sometimes. They feel alone，” Williams said. “The camera gives them a way to look at their world in a different way and get out of that feeling.”
Girls in the program practice their skills and build confidence by going out in the community and interviewing people for the short films. Many of them had no experience, but they had good storytelling skills.
“I work with these girls. Every day I leave inspired and completely grateful, because I know that due to the work we're doing with them, things will be better，” said GlobalGirl Media summer academy project director Heather Faison.
语篇解读本文讲述了非营利组织GlobalGirl Media通过教女孩儿们数字讲故事技巧来帮助女孩儿们摆脱烦恼。

1．Why do many American girls like to tell stories using the camera?
A. Their parents hate to give them a hand.
B. The camera can help them out of their trouble.
C. They can make profits from their documentaries.
D. They desire to improve their photo skills.
答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。

根据倒数第三段的“They feel trapped sometimes.They feel alone”“The camera gives them... get out of that feeling”可知，选B项。

2. What do we learn about GlobalGirl Media from the text?
A. It gives girls digital storytelling skills.
B. It gets much money from girl students.
C. It was founded by the government.
D. It has newsrooms in California.
答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。

根据第二段的“GlobalGirl Media, a nonprofit organization that teaches teenage girls digital storytelling skills”可知，选A项。

3. What difficulty did Prado overcome by making her film?
A. Self­harm.
B. An eating disorder.
C. Poor school scores.
D. Teenage depression.
答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。

根据第五段的“a short film about Prado's fight against an eating disorder”可知，Prado在一个短片中讲述了她与饮食失调进行斗争的故事，故选B项。

4. Who directed GlobalGirl Media summer academy project in California?
A. Meena Nanji.
B. Amie Williams.
C. Danny Glover.
D. Heather Faison.
答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。

根据最后一段的“GlobalGirl Media summer academy project director Heather Faison”可知，选D项。

B
(2017·辽宁检测)
British International Schools in China
Harrow International School Beijing
The mission statement of the school is “Leadership for a better world”， which draws on the great tradition of famous leaders studying in Harrow School such as Winston Churchill and Pundit Nehru. Established in 2005, the Harrow International School Beijing is known for its reputation for having the highest academic standards and close personal tutoring. All students have a personal tutor to take care of their personal concerns. The tuition fee per year ranges from 80,100
to 258,400 yuan($12,600－40,600) for half day, prenursery to year 13. Read more via www. harrowbeijing. cn.
Dulwich College Shanghai
Dulwich College Shanghai is made up of about 1,500 students from age 2 to age 18, with over 40 different nationalities. Dulwich College Shanghai opened in 2003 and has been recognized as one of the best international schools in Shanghai. About 70 percent of the school's teachers are British. The school's annual payment ranges from 225,500 to 269,500 yuan($35,500－42,000) for year 1 to year 13. Click here to know more.
Wellington College International Shanghai
Wellington College, UK, is one of the world's top coeducational day and boarding schools founded by royal sponsor on behalf of Queen Victoria in 1859. Wellington College International Shanghai opened its doors in 2014 and now has over 600 students, aged 2 to 18 years old. Annual tuition ranges from 234,000 to 285,000 yuan($36,800－44,800) for year 1 to year 13. Wellington College also has a campus in Tianjin. Click here to learn more about both locations.
The British School of Guangzhou
Established in 2005 for students aged 2 to 18, the British School of Guangzhou has gained a reputation for academic excellence. The school's two campuses are located about 25 minutes north of Guangzhou's city center, overlooking scenic South Lake. The annual tuition ranges from 157,840 to 197,690 yuan($24,800－31,000) for year 1 to year 13.Click here to know more.
语篇解读本文主要介绍了中国的几所英国国际学校。

5. If you want to make friends with students from different countries, you may choose ________.
A. Harrow International School Beijing
B. Dulwich College Shanghai
C. Wellington College International Shanghai
D. The British School of Guangzhou
答案与解析：B考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“with over 40 different nationalities... recognized as one of the best international schools in Shanghai”可知，Dulwich College Shanghai这所学校有来自40多个国家的学生，而且是上海最好的国际学校之一，所以在这所学校你能够交到来自不同国家的朋友，即B项正确。

6. What do the last two schools have in common?
A. They both have two campuses.
B. Their annual tuition fees are the same.
C. They are both sponsored by the royal family.
D. They are both the world's best boarding schools.
答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“also has a campus in Tianjin”和第四段中的“The school's two campuses are located about”可知，这两所学校都有两个校区，即A项正确。

7. In which section of a website can we probably read this passage?
A. Lifestyle.
B. Opinion.
C. International News.
D. Culture Exchange.
答案与解析：D 考查文章出处。

本文主要介绍了中国的几所英国国际学校，这些国际学校在中英两国之间教育文化方面的交流，即D项正确。

二、七选五
Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment, the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty percent of Americans worry about losing eyesight, but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight：•Schedule yearly exams. __8__ Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.
•Protect against UV rays(紫外线). Long­term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is, it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.
__9__
•Give your eyes a break. Two­thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products. __10__ Experts recommend that people practice the 20/20/20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20­second break and look at something 20 feet away.
•__11__As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins (维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
•Practice safe w ear and care of contact lenses(隐形眼镜). Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses, many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk. __12__ Otherwise, you may have problems such as red eyes, pain in the eyes, or a more serious condition.
A. Eat your greens.
B. Eye care should begin early in life.
C. They can properly protect your eyes.
D. Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.
E. Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight.
F. Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.
G. This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness.
答案：
语篇解读视力在我们的日常生活中起着至关重要的作用。

拥有健康的视力是每个人关心的事情。

本文给出了五种建议确保我们终身享有健康的视力。

8．B 根据下文的“Experts advise paren ts to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check”可知，保护视力应该从小开始，专家建议父母带六到十二个月大的孩子去医院做视力检查。

故选B。

9．C 根据上文的“No matter what the season is，it's extremely important to wear sunglasses”可知，无论是什么季节，戴太阳镜是极其重要的。

它们能够适当地保护你的眼睛。

故选项C正确。

10．G 根据上文的“Two­thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products”可知，三分之二的美国人每天花多达七小时来使用电脑和其他数字产品。

这种频繁的眼睛活动增加了眼睛疲劳的风险。

故选项G符合题意。

11．A 根据下文的“As part of a healthy diet, eat more fruits and vegetables each day”可知，应该多吃绿色食品。

作为健康饮食的一部分，每天要多吃水果和蔬菜。

故选A。

12．F 根据上文的“While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses，many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk”可知，虽然有些人佩戴隐形眼镜遵循医学指导，但是很多人忽视规定从而使视力带来风险。

佩戴眼镜是否恰当要遵循医生的建议。

故选项F符合题意。

三、短文改错
Last Tuesday, the Students' Union in our school advised that Senior Three students shall do something specially for their parents on their 18th birthdays. All the students are active in responding it and most of them have come up with their ideas. Some choose to write a letter, saying it's best way to express their appreciations as well as love for their parents. Others will prefer to cook a big meal to show that they've already grown up.
As for me, I want to do up hair and wash feet for my parents. By doing which my parents have been doing for me I can really know how much they've devoted to bring。