2020版全国通用高考英语总复习：第1部分 Unit 4 Earthquakes

1．canal n．运河；水道2．shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处3．farmyard n. 农场；农家4．outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓5．headline n. 报刊的大字标题6．earthquake n. 地震
7．track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹8．event n. 事件；大事
9．well n. 井
10．pipe n. 管，__导管11．steam n. 蒸汽，水汽12．reporter n. 记者
1．burst vi. 爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发2．disaster n. 灾难；灾祸3．rescue__ n．& vt. 援救；营救
4．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏5．destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭6．damage n．& vt. 损失；损害
7．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭
vt. 毁灭；使破产8．trap vt. 使陷入困境
n. 陷阱；困境9．electricity n. 电；电流；电学10．sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地
1．extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极度地
2．judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决→judgement n．意见；判断力；审判
3．injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的
4．nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的；民族的
5．frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
6．congratulation n．祝贺； (复数) 贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺
7．dirt n．污垢；泥土→dirty adj.脏的，肮脏的
8．suffering n．苦难；痛苦→suffer vt. & vi.遭受；忍受→sufferer n．患者；受害者
9．shock vt. & vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.震惊的
10．survivor n．幸存者；生还者；残存物→survive vt.& vi.幸存；幸免于
11．useless adj. 无用的；无效的；无益的→useful adj. 有用的
12．mine n. 矿；矿山；矿井→miner n. 矿工
[用所给词的适当形式填空]
1．The girl was almost frightened to death when she saw the frightening scene.(frighten) 2．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)
3．The earthquake ruined our village completely, only leaving it in ruins,__but it couldn’t ruin our dream and hope.(ruin)
4．Judging from his looks, he must be an honest man. On the contrary, he often robs and steals, so the judge pointed out that a man should not be judged by his appearance.(judge)
1．right__away 立刻；马上
2．as__if 仿佛；好像
3．at__an__end 结束；终结
4．in__ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
5．dig__out 掘出；发现
6．a__(great)__number__of 许多；大量的
7．cut__off 切断
8．be__trapped__in 陷入
9．be__buried__in 埋头于
10．judge__from 从……判断
[选用上面的短语填空]
1．It ’s reported that a__great__number__of people were rescued from under the ruins. 2．Judging__from what you say in your letter, you don ’t get along well with your classmates. 3．If you are at home and smell gas, open the windows and get out of the building right__away ． 4．I must warn you that my patience is almost at__an__end ．
5．I was__trapped__in the heavy rain on the way to school yesterday.
“A →A →A ”式不规则动词变化 ①burst →burst →burst 爆裂；爆发 ②cost →cost →cost 花费 ③put →put →put 放下 ④hurt →hurt →hurt 伤害 ⑤shut →shut →shut 关闭 ⑥hit →hit →hit
打
“­ing/­ed ”结尾的形容词聚焦
①⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧shocking 令人震惊的shocked 震惊的 ②⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧frightening 令人惊恐的frightened 害怕的 ③⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧terrifying 令人恐怖的terrified 害怕的 表示“立刻；马上”的词语荟萃 ①right away ②right now ③at once ④in no time ⑤immediately ⑥instantly
“埋头于；专心于”的多种表达 ①be lost in ②be buried in ③be occupied in ④be absorbed in ⑤be devoted to
⑥apply oneself to
1．too...to...意为 “太……而不能……”， 表示否定意义
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 2．It seems/seemed as if...看起来好像…… It seemed as if the world was at an end! 3．everywhere 作连词， 引导地点状语从句
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. 4．all...not...并非所有的……都…… All hope was not lost.
[句式仿写]
1．正如那句老话：活到老，学到老。

(too ...to...)
Just as an old saying goes: it is never too__late__to__learn ．
2．这个讲故事的人以一种生动的方式给我们讲故事，好像他亲身经历过的一样。

The
storyteller
was
telling
us
a
story
in
a
vivid
way
as__if__he__had__experienced__it__himself ．
3．无论他走到哪里，都受到热烈欢迎。

Everywhere__he__went,__he received a warm welcome.
4．并非所有的学生都遵守学校规章制度， 因此作为老师， 我们应严格要求他们。

All__students__don ’t__obey/Not__all__students__obey the school rules, so as teachers, we should be strict with them.
burst vt.&vi.(burst ，burst)(使)爆裂； (使)裂开；突然出现； 爆发
n ．突然破裂； 爆发
(教材P 26)In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 在市内， 有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。

(1)burst in/into 闯入， 突然破门而入
⎭
⎪⎬⎪
⎫burst out crying/laughing burst into tears/laughter 突然哭起来/笑起来 burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支 (2)a burst of 一阵……
He burst into the room without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.
他没敲门就闯进房间，这使我非常生气。

There was a burst of laughter in the next room.
隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst in．
(2)At the news that my dad would be back from London this week, I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
(3)听到儿子在地震中丧生的坏消息，这对夫妇突然哭起来。

①普通表达：
When__they__heard__the__bad__news that their son died in the earthquake, the__couple__burst__into__tears．(时间状语从句)
②高级表达：
Hearing__the__bad__news that their son died in the earthquake, the__couple__burst__out__crying．(分词短语作状语)
ruin n．[U]毁坏；毁灭；崩溃； [C](pl)废墟；遗迹
v．(使)破产； (使)堕落；毁灭
(教材P26)In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.
在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就成为一片废墟。

(1)in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
fall to ruin 毁灭；灭亡；崩溃
bring...to ruin 使……毁灭；使……没落；
使……破产
(2)ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡
ruin one’s health/fame
毁坏某人的健康/声誉
Having gone through two world wars, the castle has fallen into ruin.
经历了两次世界大战，那座城堡已经破败不堪了。

You can’t change the past, but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future.
你改变不了昨天，但如果你过于忧虑明天，将会毁了今天。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.
(2)Drunk driving not only ruined himself(he) but also killed several passers­by.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
(3)地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。

①普通表达：
The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake and it__made__us__awake all night.
②高级表达：
The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which__made__us__awake__all__night．(定语从句)
injure vt.损害；伤害
(2016·天津卷)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadn’t been wearing one，I would have been injured.
我当时系着安全带。

如果没系的话，我会受伤的。

(1)injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 伤员
(2) injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害
do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb.
伤害某人
She injured herself while skating, which made her parents very worried.
她在溜冰时受了伤，这使她父母很担心。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)Dog owners should be responsible if their pets do an injury(injure) to other people or cause damage to their property.
(2)A terrible accident happened at the crossing and an ambulance rushed the injured(injure) to the hospital.
(3)What he did injured(injure) the company’s reputation, causing great damage to our company.
[能力提升]——高考小作文
(4)(北京卷书面表达)但现在，由于我的左脚在足球比赛中受伤了，我不能像计划的那样和你一起去。

But now, because my left foot was__injured__in__the__football__game,__I cannot go with you
as planned.
bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入
(教材P26)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 救援部队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。

(1)bury one’s head/face in hands双手抱头/掩面
(2)be buried in＝bury oneself in 专心于
be buried in thought 沉思
I was looking for my handbag, which was buried under a pile of old newspapers.
我正在找我那被埋在一堆旧报纸下面的手提包。

Buried in his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left. 他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。

表示“专心于；致力于” 的短语还有：
be devoted to
be lost/engaged/absorbed in
focus/concentrate on
fix/concentrate one’s attention on
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried(bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
(2)由于他埋头于书本，所以不知道外面下雨了。

(bury)
①普通表达：
Because he buried__himself__in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
②普通表达：
Because he was__buried__in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.
③高级表达：
Burying__himself__in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语)
④高级表达：
Buried__in his books, he didn’t know it was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语)
judge n．裁判员；法官
vt.断定；判断；判决
(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school on June 15.
我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。

(1)judge...from/by... 从……来判断……
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
(2)judging by/from 根据……判断
As far as I can judge, it is more likely that you will get the job. 据我判断，你更有可能获得这份工作。

judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)Schools tend to be__judged(judge) by the performance of their students in exams.
(2)Judging(judge) from the number of cars, he thought there were not many people at the club yet.
[能力提升]——完成句子
(3)常言道，我们不能以貌取人。

As__the__saying__goes,__“We__should__never__judge__a__person__by/from__his__looks.”__
at an end 结束；终结
(经典例句)When the journey was at an end, everybody felt tired and hungry.
当旅程结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。

(1)at the end of... 在……尽头，在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时，到……时候
为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
come to an end 结束
put an end to sth. 结束；终结
make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵，量入为出
(2)end up with 以……结束
end up doing sth. 以做……结束
At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing. 最初他拒不承认有任何责任， 到头来还是道了歉。

[巧学活用]——用end 的相关短语填空
(1)My holiday is at__an__end and I must go back to work tomorrow. (2)I wonder what determined her to marry him in__the__end ．
(3)By__the__end__of last year, he had learned two thousand English words. (4)Every time they went dancing they ended__up in a bad mood.
(5)Being out of work and having two young children, they found it impossible to make__ends__meet ．
a (great) number of 许多； 大量的
(教材P 27)Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.
那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。

⎭⎪⎬⎪
⎫（1）a great/large/ small number of
a great/good many
quite a few
＋可数名词复数
⎭
⎪⎬⎪
⎫（2）a great deal of
a great/large amount of ＋不可数名词
⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫（3）a lot of/lots of a great/large quantity of
masses of plenty of
＋可数名词复数
或不可数名词 (4)many a ＋可数名词单数(谓语动词用单数)
Now a great number of college graduates are seeking to get a high ­paid job.But the number of posts available for them is often not enough.
如今很多大学毕业生努力想找一份待遇好的工作， 但适合他们的岗位的数量却经常不足。

There are a great many talented people waiting to be discovered. 众多有才华的人有待于被发现。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)Large quantities of information, as well as some timely help, have__been__offered(offer)
since the organization was built.
(2)(广东卷书面表达)A great deal of money was__donated(donate) to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.
(3)Large amounts of money are__spent(spend) on advertisements every year.
(4)As you can see, the number of cars on our roads keeps (keep) rising these days.
[能力提升]——高考小作文
(5)(江苏卷书面表达)随着学习英语的人越来越多，在中文语境里理解这些英语单词并不是很困难。

As__the__number__of__English__learners__is__on__the__rise,__it’s not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.
shock n. 打击；震动；震惊；休克
vt.& vi.(使)震惊；(使)惊愕；(使)触电
(1)a great shock to sb. 令某人震惊的事
culture shock 文化冲击/冲突
in shock 吃惊地；震惊地
(2)shocked adj. 感到吃惊的；感到惊讶的
(3)shocking adj. 令人气愤的；令人惊讶的
[完成句子]
(1)他的妻子在车祸中丧生，这对他来说是一个巨大的打击。

It’s a__great__shock to him that his wife died in the traffic accident.
(2)他对这令人震撼的消息感到震惊，因为我能看见他吃惊的表情。

He was shocked at the shocking news for I could see his shocked face.
damage n．& vt.损失；损害
(1)cause/do damage to... 对……造成损害
(2)damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
[单句语法填空/ 完成句子]
(1)Damage caused(cause) by the earthquake disaster can’t be ignored.
(2)As we all know, smoking can damage/do__damage__to__our__health(损害我们的健康)，we’d better give it up.
think little/nothing of 以为……没什么了不起；对……满不在乎；轻视；忽视
think much/highly/well of 重视；看重；对……高度赞扬
be well/highly thought of 被……高度评价
[完成句子]
(1)George is organized, easy­going, hard­working and intelligent. In a word, I__can’t__think__too__highly__of__him(我对他评价再高也不为过)．
(2)从他们的态度上判断，他们好像几乎没有考虑我们的计划。

Judging by their attitude, it seems that they think__very__little__of our plan.
(教材P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end!
好像世界末日到了！
It seemed/seems (to sb.) that/as if... “(对某人来说)似乎……”。

(1)as if从句用陈述语气：
从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的
(2)as if从句用虚拟语气：
①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)
③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)
Look at the clouds in the sky！It looks as if it is going to rain. Let’s hurry up.
看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。

It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it?
是约翰打破的窗户，你为什么说得就好像是我做的一样？
如果as if引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略主语和be动词，这样as if后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
(1)(2016·上海卷语法填空)The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were(be) their own mother.
(2)He opened his mouth as if to__say(say) something.
(3)She walked here and there on the playground as if looking(look) for something.
[能力提升]——高考小作文
(4)(福建卷书面表达)一对年轻夫妇在船上吃着东西，说着话，大笑着，好像他们是这世界上仅有的人。

A young couple in a boat were eating, talking and laughing loudly as__if__they__were
__the__only__people__in__the__world．
(教材P26)All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。

该句是表示部分否定的句型。

all...not...＝not all..., 意为“并非所有的……都……”。

(1)部分否定用法：
含“全部/所有/任何” 等意义的词与not连用，如：all, both, everything, always等。

(2)全部否定用法：
英语中的no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, no one, nowhere, no more, no longer, no way等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。

It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because not all of them are fit for them.
＝It’s impossible for all the applicants to get the jobs, because all of them are not fit for them.
并非所有的求职者都能找到工作，因为并非所有人都胜任这些工作。

He told me all pieces of the news, but none of them was very exciting.
他告诉了我所有的消息，但没有一件激动人心的。

[巧学活用]——一句多译
事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得重要。

(1)The truth is that not__everyone__is__attaching__great__importance__to time management.
(2)The truth is that everyone__is__not__attaching__great__importance__to time management.
(教材P26) In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。

(1)too＋adj./adv.(for sb.)＋to do sth.表示否定的意义，意思是“太……而不能……”。

(2)当too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。

(3)can’t/can never...too...再怎么……也不过分。

[句型转换/ 完成句子]
(1)这道数学题太难，我解不出。

(否定意义)
The maths problem is so difficult that I can’t work it out.
→The maths problem is too__difficult__for__me__to work out.
(2)他们看起来过于紧张不安，并且急于离开。

(肯定意义)
They seemed to be too nervous and were too__anxious__to leave.
Ⅰ单句语法填空
1．When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, ____________ tired to move.
答案：too
2．When a fire broke out at the National Exhibition in London, at least ten priceless paintings ____________(destroy)．
答案：were destroyed
3．If it hadn’t been for your timely help, we ____________ (trap) in a dilemma now.
答案：would be trapped
4．On seeing the former champion of the Olympics appears on the stage, the audience burst out ____________(cheer)．
答案：cheering
5．Two­fifths of the students in our class ____________(be) fond of pop music.
答案：are
6．The factory, ____________ is reported in the local newspapers, will insist on reforming the present system which has slowed its development.
答案：as
7．I received his mother’s phone call at ten. Only then did I know that he was badly ____________(injure) in an accident the day before yesterday.
答案：injured
8．A large number of soldiers were sent there ____________(rescue) those trapped in the building.
答案：to rescue
9．Thank you for your letter conveying ____________(congratulate) on my appointment.
答案：congratulations
10．As a matter of fact, it was an ____________(extreme) difficult and dangerous task.
答案：extremely
Ⅱ单元语法——定语从句(Ⅰ)
单句语法填空
1．Travelling abroad, you should follow the customs of the country ____________ you are visiting.
答案：that/which
2．(2017·天津卷)My eldest son, ____________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
答案：whose
3．Back to the gas station, I offered her the bag, ____________ she gladly accepted.
答案：which
4．Las Vegas has many wonderful restaurants ____________ you can eat many different kinds of food.
答案：where
5．It is the most exciting event of the year for people __________ make movies and for people who love to watch them.
答案：who
Ⅰ教材与语法填空
根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28, 1976, in which thousands of people died and many 1.____________(injure)．Many houses 2.____________(fall) down and sand filled the wells instead of water.People were greatly 3.____________(shock)．All the electricity in the city was cut 4.____________ and people began to wonder how long the disaster would last.The whole city was 5.____________ (complete) destroyed and the world seemed 6.____________ its end.
The people of Tangshan d idn’t lose hope, because 150, 000 soldiers were sent
7.____________(help) the rescue workers.The soldiers tried their best to dig out those
8.____________ were trapped.Workers built shelters for the survivors.Fresh water was taken to the city by every means.Slowly, the city began to come back to life.
It was said that before the quake, strange things were happening in the countryside.The water in the village wells 9.____________(rise) and fell.Fish jumped out of the ponds.Strange noises were heard in the sky, but people thought little of 10.____________(they)．答案：1.were injured 2.fell 3.shocked 4.off pletely 6.at 7.to help 8.who 9.rose 10.them
Ⅱ话题知识与写作
(Ⅰ)根据提示翻译下列句子。

1．一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。

(shake)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：One night，everything began to shake.
2．水管爆裂，电力中断。

(burst；cut off)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：The pipes were burst and the electricity was cut off.
3．世界似乎到了末日。

(It seemed as if...；be at an end)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：It seemed as if the world was at an end.
4．有些人受伤，有些人埋在废墟下，还有些人失踪。

(injure；bury)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Some people were injured, some buried in the ruins and some missing.
5．从那时的情况判断，还有些被困群众等待着救援。

(judge from；trapped；rescue)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Judging from the situation then, there were a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue.
6．并不是没有了希望。

(all...not...)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：All hope was not lost.
7．很快士兵被派遣到那里营救他们，运来了食品和饮用水；全城又恢复了生机。

(rescue；breathe again)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：Soldiers were sent to rescue them right away. Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane, train and truck. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
(Ⅱ)将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
答案：
One night, everything began to shake, with the pipes burst and the electricity cut off. It seemed as if the world was at an end. Some people were injured, some buried in the ruins and some missing. Judging from the situation, there were a number of trapped people waiting for the rescue. But all hope was not lost, because soldiers were sent to rescue them right away. Food and fresh water were taken to the city by plane, train and truck. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
Ⅰ阅读理解
A
(2018·湖州模拟)As a child，I was generally happy，singing and dancing
to my favorite songs，smiling and laughing with my friends and family.But as
far back as second grade，I noticed a “darkness” about me.I didn’t enjoy
participating in many things.
In middle school，things in my life began to get even worse.I began withdrawing from everything I once enjoyed.I was always tired.Everything was horrible.Finally，midway through eighth grade，I was told I had a chemical imbalance，diagnosed(诊断)with clinical depression，and had to take medicine.It took months for me to feel the effects of the medicine.
When I began to feel happy again is when I realized that I had to take the responsibility for getting better myself，rather than relying on medicine.Aristotle said，“To live happily is an inward power of the soul，” and I believe that this quote describes what I had to do to achieve happiness.Happiness is a journey.Everyone seems to need different things to be happy.
“The essentials(要素) to happiness are something to love，something to do，and something to hope for，”a quote from William Blake sums up what I believe people need to realize to be truly happy in life.People need love.I feel they need their family and their friends more than anything else in the world.People need work to do，something to make them feel they are making a difference in the world.People need to know that more good is to come in the future，so they continue to live for “now” instead of constantly worrying about the bad that could come.Love and hope are happiness.
【解题导语】作者根据自己克服抑郁症的经历总结出了幸福生活的要素。

1．What do we know about the author in Paragraph 2?
A．He hated going to sleep because he couldn’t sleep well.
B．He spent months recovering from the clinical depression.
C．He was diagnosed with clinical depression in Grade Seven.
D．He suffered a great deal from clinical depression.
D 解析：细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“I began withdrawing from...take medicine.”可知，在中学时，作者受到临床抑郁症的折磨。

故选D项。

2．Who helped the author to be happy again?
A．The author’s friends.
B．Aristotle.
C．The author himself.
D．William.
C 解析：细节理解题。

根据文章第三段第一句“When I began to feel happy again is when I realized that I had to take the responsibility for getting better myself，rather than relying on medicine.”可知，作者并不是依赖药物而是靠自己克服病症，重新快乐起来。

故选C项。

3．What may be the best title for the text?
A．The Essentials to Happiness
B．Ways to Overcome Shortcomings
C．Everyone Needs to Be Happy
D．Happiness Is Love
A 解析：标题归纳题。

通读文章，作者根据自己克服抑郁症的经历，总结出幸福生活的要素，文章最后一段具体阐述了要素的内容，由此可知A项契合文章主旨。

B
Some pigs tend to be optimistic while others are pessimistic，according
to a new research that is meaningful to animal welfare. The study，published
in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality
interact in an animal，influencing judgment.
Asher，a researcher at the University of Newcastle’s Institute of Neuroscience，and her team housed groups of pigs in two types of environment. One reflected standard commercial conditions and the other was cushier with more space and plenty of soft，deep straw. After the pigs got accustomed to these new homes over a few weeks，the researchers picked 18 pigs from each type to train and test their judgment.
“To do this，we trained each pig. In one corner of a training room there would be a bowl with chocolate sweets—pigs love them—and at the opposite side of the room there would be a bowl containing coffee beans，which pigs find bitter­tasting，”a researcher said.
Over a number of training trials，pigs learned to go to the bowl reliably when it was in
the corner where they had figured out to expect chocolate sweets. On the contrary，they quickly learned to avoid the bowl when it was in the corner where they would expect to find the coffee beans.
The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations，to see how the pigs would react. Some gaily dashed to the bowl no matter what was inside，showing optimism that it would contain their favorite sweets. Others，however，behaved as though they expected it to contain coffee beans，displaying pessimism.
The findings suggest that a one­size­fits­all answer to animal welfare issues does not exist. Even if pigs are just equal to bacon or other meat for some people，there is still cause for concern. Studies have suggested that how an animal is treated during its lifetime can directly affect meat quality and taste.
【解题导语】本文是一篇研究报告，讲述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用。

4．What was the study trying to figure out?
A．How to make pigs happier.
B．The similarities between humans and pigs.
C．How living environment affected pigs’ mood.
D．How pigs’ mood and personality affected their judgment.
D 解析：细节理解题。

根据文章第一段第二句“The study，published in the journal Biology Letters，is the first to show that mood and personality interact in an animal，influencing judgment.”可知，选项D的概括符合题意。

所以选项D正确。

5．What does the underlined word “cushier” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Simple.
B．More comfortable.
C．Unpractical.
D．Less free.
B 解析：词义猜测题。

根据画线词后的“more space and plenty of soft，deep straw”可知，另一个环境很舒适。

所以选项B正确。

6．Which bowl can test whether a pig is optimistic or pessimistic?
A．The bowl with chocolate sweets.
B．The bowl containing coffee beans.
C．The bowl full of both sweets and beans.
D．The bowl unfamiliar to two types of pigs.
D 解析：细节理解题。

根据第五段第一句“The researchers next placed an unfamiliar bowl in different locations，to see how the pigs would react.”以及该段后两句的对比描述可知，D选项与
第五段内容一致。

所以选项D正确。

7．What do the findings of the new research imply?
A．People should treat pigs equally.
B．People’s health relies on meat quality.
C．People should meet pigs’ various needs.
D．People’s attitude toward pigs is totally wrong.
C 解析：推理判断题。

根据最后一段尤其是最后一句可推知，要想获得高质量和口感好的猪肉，人们应当满足猪的多种需要。

所以选项C正确。

Ⅱ七选五
(2018·嘉兴第一中学适应性考试)
How to Feel Beautiful on the Inside
Public opinion may have some say in who is considered “beautiful” on the outside，but inner beauty takes on a whole other meaning. 1.________. Learn what beauty means to you and have the confidence to live by your own rules starting today.
Ask yourself what beauty means to you. How do you define(定义) inner beauty? Is it a person who is always smiling? Someone who has kind words for everyone he meets? Or，is your definition of beauty more complex? 2.________. Take a pen and a notebook and write down some words that help you describe inner beauty.
Have confidence in who you are. In addition to stressing your character strengths，you can apply other ways to feel more confident. 3.________. This can be anything from making music to playing sports. Doing things you are good at builds self­respect.
Smile and laugh more. 4.________，just arranging your face into a smiling expression can thoroughly change your mood. Smiles can lead to a more positive mood and a more hopeful attitude. It can not only make you feel beautiful inside，but also improve your outer beauty.
5．________. A reliable method of developing your own inner beauty is adopting the habit of seeing the beauty in everything. All around you，there are amazing people，places and things. Make an effort to slow down and acknowledge these daily.
A．Notice the beauty around you
B．When you want to get the feeling of confidence
C．Even if you don’t quite feel up to it at the moment
D．Besides，you should try to laugh as much as possible
E．Take a moment to reflect on what beauty means to you
F．It has more to do with your character than your appearance
G．Frequently take part in activities in which you perform well
【解题导语】本文主要介绍了实现内在美的一些建议。

1．F 解析：根据空前一句可知，应选F项，F项中的“character”与空前一句中的“inner beauty”(内在美)呼应，“your appearance”与空前一句中的“‘beautiful’ on the outside”(外在美)呼应，所以选F。

2．E 解析：根据段首主题句可知，E项中的“what beauty means to you”与主题句呼应。

另外，选项E中的“reflect on”(反思)与主题句中的“Ask”相照应并且空后的描述是“反思”的具体体现之一。

故选E。

3．G 解析：首先，虽然B选项含有本段讲述的关键词“confidence”，但是它是一个从句，与空处不匹配。

其次，G选项中的关键词“activities”与空后的“...from making music to playing sports. Doing things...”是内容上的总分关系，所以选G。

4．C 解析：由空后的逗号和“just arranging...your mood”可知，此空应是从句，所以选项B和C进入考虑的范围，选项C中的关键词“it”指代前一句的“Smile and laugh more.”，且C项与空后内容语意连贯，所以选C。

5．A 解析：根据本段内容尤其是本段中的“...seeing the beauty in everything. All around you...”可知，A项适合作本段的主题句。

所以选A。

Ⅲ应用文写作
(2018·浙江名校联考)假设你是李明，你的堂弟李华今年上高一，对于新高考的选课有一些疑惑。

请根据以下要点写一封信，给堂弟提几点选课建议。

内容包括：
1．考虑大学招生要求和未来发展；
2．考虑自身兴趣和特长；
3．多了解相关信息。

注意：词数80左右。

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Li Hua，
I heard you’ve had problems with the course selection. Here are some tips that may help. Some universities have different standards for prospective students, including which subjects they should learn during high school, so you are advised to take university requirements and your future development into consideration. Additionally, it is quite good if you can decide your own future path based on your interests and advantages. For more information, you’d better access some related websites.。