高考高频词汇必背及训练系列

高考高频词汇记忆及训练一
access ①通道，入口②(接近或进入的)方法，机会，权利③[vt.]取得，获取（尤指计算机数据）考点提示：
①have access to sth.可以使用……/有……接触机会
have access to a car/a computer.有汽车/计算机可以使用
②gain/get access (to sth.)进入[某地】；见到[某人或某物]
完成句子
①学生需要得到图书的方便途径。

Students need easy _____________________ the books.
②每个人都有受教育权。

Everyone __________________________ education.
③只有沿着那条狭窄的路走才能到达他们的房子。

_____________________________their house is along that narrow road.
absence n. ①缺席，不在场[反presence] ②不存在，缺乏
考点提示:
①absent (adj.) 缺席的；不在的;
be absent from……不在……；缺席……
be absent for……（不在）去了……
②in/during sb’s absense在某人不在期间
完成句子
①我不在时，请照看我的房子。

Please take care of my house
________________________________________________________________________.
②在缺乏其他证据下，我们不得不认为这属实。

We were obliged to accept it as true
________________________________________________________________________.
③老师对他旷课很生气。

The teacher was angry at his
________________________________________________________________________.
④他今天缺课/缺勤/缺席会议。

He ___________________________ today.
⑤有些国家终年无雪。

Snow __________________________ some countries.
⑥他外出了，现在在欧洲。

He ________________________.
3.suppose vt.认为，猜想
考点提示：
suppose＋that/to be认为，猜想
be (not) supposed to (do)(不)被期望，(不)应该
suppose/supposing that(与given, provided通用)
表示“假定……结果会怎么样？”
I suppose so./No, I suppose not./No, I don't
suppose so.我认为这样。

/不，我不认为这样。

/不，我不认为这样。

(1)—Jerry is playing online games.
—He's playing games？He's ________ to be doing his homework now.
A. believed
B. supposed
C. considered
D. pretended
(2)—How do you ________we will go to Hainan for our holidays?
—I think we'd better fly there. It's much more comfortable.
insist B. want C. suggest D. Suppose
switch vt.转换，转变
考点提示：
switch (from A) to B(由A)转换成B
switch on开(电灯、机器等)
switch off关(电灯、机器等)；失去兴趣；觉得乏味
switch over转换频道；转变
(1)In order to stop poverty, the World Bank has________its focus to providing technical assistance and long-term loans to developing countries.
A. fixed
B. exchanged
C. transferred
D. switched
(2)She started studying medicine at college, but ________ to Business Studies in her second year.
A. transformed
B. skipped
C. adjusted
D. switched
5.matter vi.重要，有重大关系n．物质；问题；毛病
考点提示：
to make matters worse更糟糕的是
no matter不要紧，没关系
as a matter of fact实际上；不瞒你说；确实
It doesn't matter.没关系。

“他问我怎么回事”习惯上说：He asked me what was the matter. (此处因what作主语，故后边语序不变)，而有些学生惯用He asked me what the matter was.句子虽正确，但意思不同，此处是“他问我那物质是什么。

”
①Don't worry. It's only a(n) ________of money. We will try our best to collect enough.
A. matter
B. affair
C. business
D. accident
②The thing that ________ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.
A．matters B．cares C．minds D．considers
6.condemn v. ①谴责，指责②宣判，判刑[同sentence]
完成句子
①我们谴责他的不良行为。

We ________ him ________ his bad conduct.
②犯人被判处死刑。

The prisoner ___________________________.
condition n. ①条件②[ 用复数](工作或生活等的)条件，状况③[(健康或物品的)状态，状况
完成句子/英译汉/单项选择
①如果你能在星期一还我，我可以借给你这本书。

I will lend you the book ________________________ you________ it on Monday.
②在这么恶劣的情况下，我们只有推迟野营了。

_____________________, we have to put off the camp.
③He is living in terrible conditions.
④That is a used car in good condition.
_____________________________________________
⑤我决不会改变我的主意。

On no condition ________________________ my mind.
⑥I agree to his suggestion ________ the condition that he drops all charges.
A. by
B. in
C. on
D. to
character n．品质；性格；人物；角色；字体
考点提示：
be different in character有着不同的性格
a man of character有个性的人，有骨气的人
a leading character主角
in the character of以……的资格，扮演……的角色
out of character不适合，和……不相称
The Chinese characters汉字
characteristic adj. 表现特点的n. 特征，特性，特色
characterize v. 表现……的特色
①Hiking by oneself can be fun and good for health. It may also be good for ________ building.
A．respect B．friendship C．reputation D．character
②Mr. Johnsons is of good ________，so he is respected and loved by everyone in the neighbourhood. A．character B．characteristic C．feature D．uniqueness
9.found vt.建立，创立
考点提示：
be founded on/upon建立在……基础上
find→found→found(发现)
found→founded→founded(创办，建立)
foundation n．基础，根据，建立，创办
lay foundations 打地基
founder n．奠基者，创建者，缔造者
put up, set up, build与found的区别
①put up表示“建造，搭建”时，指高于地平面的建筑物，即“搭起，竖起，挂起”之意，同set up。

②set up还表示“建立，成立”，常与表示组织、机构、团体之意的词连用，这时相当于found，如：set up home安家落户。

③build意为“建造，建设，建立”，是最普通的用语，常指建造大的东西，可接具体或抽象的名词。

④found指建立、成立机构或组织等。

此意同set up，但found更强调打基础。

用found, put up, set up的正确形式填空：
①________in 1636，Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
②A new theatre ________________ where there used to be a temple.
③The factory has ________ a night school to strengthen the workers' education.
opinion n．意见，看法，主张
考点提示：
in one's opinion＝in the opinion of sb.按照某人的看法
have a good/bad/high/low opinion of对……评价很好/很糟
be of the opinion that...主张……，认为……
in one's view以……的观点来看
point of view观点
opinion与view
①opinion是一般通用词，指对事物或问题经过思考后提出的意见、主张、看法，含有初步的，不肯定的意味。

②view指“见解，观点”，侧重对较广泛、重大或有关公众的问题所采用的态度，view比opinion更为肯
定、全面和系统。

①It's a terrible shame，________，that the building was knocked down.
A．I think B．in my opinion C．personally D．All above
②Although ________ my opinion, the old professor didn't come up with his own.
A. against
B. on
C. for
D. in
答案：1.①access to②has access to③The only access to
2.①during my absence②in the absence of other evidence
③absence from school④is absent from school/work/the meeting
⑤is absent in⑥is absent in Europe
3.(1)B be supposed to do sth.意为：某人应该做某事。

题中用了不定式的进行式，表示：Jerry应该正在做作业。

(2)D
4.(1)D (2)D考查动词辨析。

句意：她从医学专业转到商务研究系，用switch表示“转换，改变(思路、话题等)”。

B项可表示“急速改变”，不符合语境。

其他选项的含义：A“改变，转变，改选”，C“调整”。

5.①A考查名词辨析。

短语a matter of表示“(仅仅、就)只是……的事而已”，如a matter of days/time“仅仅几天，只是时间的早晚”。

句意：别担心，这只是钱的事情而已，我们会尽力募集够的。

② A
6.①condemned; for②was condemned to death
7.①on condition that; return②Under such bad weather conditions
③他的生活条件很差。

④那是一辆状况良好的旧车。

⑤will I change
⑥C句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他放弃所有的指控。

on (the) condition that 在……条件下，介词用on，属固定搭配。

8.①D句意：独自徒步旅行可能会很有趣并且有益于健康，或许对意志的磨炼也有好处。

respect尊重，爱戴；friendship友谊；reputation名誉，荣誉，声望；character性格，品格，品质，特点，特性。

又如：The little boy showed great character returning to school after earthquake.在地震发生后，小男孩重返学校表现出了他顽强的毅力。

②A character这里说明人的品质
9.①Founded②has been put up ③set up
10.①D A、B、C三个选项的意思相同，均可作插入语。

故选D项。

②A
2015年高考高频词汇必背及训练系列2
1.suffer vt.& vi.
suffer作及物动词，但无被动语态，宾语常是pain，loss，defeat，punishment，hardship等。

而suffer from 表示“遭受……之苦，患某种疾病”。

(1)vt.遭受，经历
This area suffered a great loss in the earthquake.
这一地区在地震中遭受重大损失。

The Democrats suffered a crushing defeat in the last election.民主党在上次选举中遭遇了惨败。

He suffered great pain/no pain.
他遭受了很大的痛苦/没遭受痛苦。

(2)vi.受苦；患病(常与from连用，意思为“因……而受苦，受……之苦”)
【拓展】
suffering n．痛苦；苦难，但指种种苦难、痛苦时常用复数。

He died without any suffering.
他死时没有任何痛苦。

He told me all about his sufferings.
他告诉我他所经历的种种苦难。

(1)He would rather________death than let out the secret.
A．suffer B．suffer from C．be suffered D．be suffering
(2)________such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river. A．Having suffered B．Suffering C．To suffer D．Suffer
2.pressure n．压，按；压力；艰难
The team performs well under pressure.
这个队在压力下表现良好。

The barriers gave way under the pressure of the crowd.
拥挤的人群把路障推倒了。

She's got a lot of pressure on her at work just now.
她现在工作压力很大。

考点提示：
under the pressure of在……的压力下
come/go under pressure 在压力/强制下
bring...under pressure 压制……
put/bring pressure on 给……压力；强迫
cause pressure 造成压力
suffer pressure 承受压力
Life is tough in the city.In order to lose their ________ some people drink alcohol. A．temper B．mood C．consciousness D．press
完成句子
(1)He had to leave the girl who he loved so deeply_________(在……的压力下)public opinion.
(2)Advertisements______________(迫使)girls to be thin.
3.reduce
(1)vt.减少，降低(翻译较灵活)
reduce expenses缩减开支
reduce the price 降低价格
reduce the pressure 减轻压力
The plane reduced speed as it approached the airport.
当飞临机场时，飞机减慢了速度。

(2)vi.缩减到(＋to)；缩减了(＋by)
We had to reduce the price from 5 dollars to 3 dollars.
我们不得不把价格从5美元降到3美元。

That is to say，we have to reduce the price by 2 dollars.
那就是说我们不得不降价2美元。

考点提示：
表示“增加”的词有：increase，rise，go up
表示“减少”的词有：decrease，reduce，go down，drop
单项填空
(1)She reduced her weight ________ 5 kilograms.
A．to B．towards C．for D．by
(2)—The cars give off a great deal of waste gas into streets.
—Yes.But I'm sure something will be done to ________ air pollution.
A．reduce B．remove C．collect D．warn
4.diet n．饮食，节食
作可数名词时，常指为了某种特定的目的，定质、定量的饮食。

be on a diet在节食，在减肥
She couldn't help eating delicious fish and meat，though she is on a diet.尽管她在减肥，但还是忍不住吃些鱼和肉。

用food，diet填空
(1)I can smell the delicious ________ on the table.
(2)A healthy________ can benefit you a lot.
5.care v. ①介意，关心，关注②照顾，照料n. ①担心，烦恼②[U]照料，护理③注意，小心[同attention; caution]
完成句子
①注意不要把这婴儿吵醒了。

__________________ that you don't wake the baby.
②她在照料我的婴儿。

She is ___________________________ my baby.
③只要你答应把我的照相机保管好就可以借去用。

You can borrow my camera if you promise to________________________________ it.
用about, for填空
④Einstein who cared little ________ money never cared ________ his salary.
⑤Would you care ________ some coffee?
6.catch v．①抓住，接住②赶上，搭上(车、船等)[反miss] ③理解，听懂[同understand; follow] ④感染(疾病) ⑤撞上，偶然发现⑥吸引，引起(注意等)
完成句子/英译汉/单项选择
①老师捉住他考试舞弊。

The teacher caught him ________ in the exam.
[被动语态] He ___________________________.
②要是你耽误很多课，你会很难赶上的。

If you miss a lot of lessons, it's very difficult
③At rush hour we are often caught in traffic.
_____________________________________________
④The painting on the wall caught my eye.
_____________________________________________
⑤I didn't catch what you said.
_____________________________________________
⑥The owner scolded the girl caught ________ flowers in his garden and let her off.
A. picking
B. to pick
C. to have picked
D. to be picking
用catch up with或keep up with填空
⑦别跑了，我赶不上你了。

Don't run — I can't ________________________ you.
⑧为了跟上那些优秀学生，我们得努力学习了。

We have to work hard to _________ those excellent students.
7.prefer vt.宁可，宁愿；更喜欢
I prefer not to think about it.我不想考虑此事。

Would you prefer me to stay？你愿意我留下来吗？
考点提示：
prefer＋名词/代词更喜欢……
prefer to/do 更愿意做……(倾向具体的动作)
prefer doing 更愿意做……(倾向普遍的行为习惯)
prefer sb to do 更愿意某人做……
prefer thatclause 更愿意……(从句中常用虚拟语气，即“主语＋should do”，should可省略)
prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A而不做B
prefer(doing)A to(doing)B宁愿做A而不做B
(1)On a cold day he prefers ________ out to play football ________ at home.
A．going；rather stay B．going；to staying
C．to go；rather than staying D．to go；rather than to stay
(2)He prefers ________ lectures to the students to ________ to different boring conferences.
A．to give；be invited B．give；be invited
C．giving；be invited D．giving；being invited
8.advertisement n．广告(简写ad.)
Put an advertisement in the newspaper.在报纸上登广告。

She scanned the job/property advertisements in the paper.
她浏览了一下报纸的招聘/房地产广告。

[剑桥高阶]
考点提示：
(1)advertise v．登广告，作广告
advertise sth 宣传某物，为某物作广告
advertise for sth /sb 登广告征寻/招聘某物/人
(2)advertiser n. 做广告的人
(3)advertising n. 广告业
用advertise的适当形式填空
(1)They put ________ in the newspapers to ________ their new cars.
(2)With the development of ________，many ________ find their way to prove their abilities.
9.damage v. 损害，毁坏n. 损害，损坏，损失
完成句子
①这次地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。

The earthquake ____________________________.
②火灾造成房屋严重损毁。

The fire ____________________________ the houses.
③洪水使这个村子受到了严重破坏。

The village ___________________________ the flood.
10.danger n. 危险[反safety]
用dangerous, in danger填空
①That dog is ill and ________________.
②That dog is ________________；it may bite.
答案：1.(1)A(2)A
D[句意：城市生活很艰难，许多人为了缓解压力而喝啤酒。

lose one's pressure 缓解压力；mood 情绪；consciousness 意识；temper 脾气。

]
(1)under the pressure of(2)put pressure on
3.(1)D[reduce...by...“把……减少了”；red uce...to“把……减少到”。

句意：她体重减了5公斤。

]
(2)A[句意：——汽车在街上放出许多废气。

——是的，但是我相信一定会采取措施来降低污染的。

reduce减少，降低；remove移开；collect收集；warn警告。

]
4.(1)food(2)diet
5.①Take care②taking care of③take good care of ④for; about⑤for
6.①cheating; was caught cheating in the exam②to catch up
③在交通高峰时间我们经常遇到堵车。

④墙上的画吸引了我。

⑤我没听懂你说的话。

⑥A该题考查catch sb. doing sth.这一结构，其被动形式为sb. be caught doing sth.。

该句中caught是过去分词作后置定语，修饰the girl，相当于who was caught stealing。

⑦catch up with ⑧keep/catch up with
7.(1)B(2)D
8.(1)advertisements；advertise (2)advertising；advertisers
9.①damaged several buildings
②caused a lot of damage to
③suffered serious damage from
10.①in danger②dangerous
2015高考高频词汇必背及训练系列3
1.peacefully adv.安静地，和平地
He died peacefully without any pain.
他安静地离开了人世，没有一点痛苦。

He was back in her arms and she could once again sleep peacefully.他回到了她的怀里，她又能睡得安稳了。

[剑桥高阶]
All the people in the world want to live peacefully.
全世界的人们都想过平安宁静的生活。

(1)peace n．和平，安详，平静
in peace(＝peacefully) 安心地，平安地，安静地
make peace with... 与……讲和
at peace 处于和平状态，和睦地(与at war相反)
The two countries are now at peace after a 10year war.
十年的战争之后，这两个国家目前处于和平状态。

(2)peaceful adj. 安静的，和平的，宁静的
a peaceful place/evening 宁静的地方/夜晚
品句填词：
(1)The war was a great danger to world p________.
(2)I decided that I would go and make p________ with her.
(3)We want to settle the problem by p________ means.
(4)I want my children to be brought up in a p________ world.
(5)We want the problem to be settled p________.
2.deal v．处理，应付n. ①量，数量②交易
完成句子/单项选择
①这学期开始我们将有许多难题要解决。

At the beginning of this term, we'll have many difficulties __________________________.
②他在大会上做了一次演讲，谈民间音乐。

He made a speech in the university, _______________.
③他很难打交道。

He is ____________________________.
④We all know that, ________，the situation will get worse.
A. not if dealt carefully with
B. if not carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with
D. not if carefully dealt with
⑤我们不知道怎样处理这些废料。

We don't know ________ to do with the waste materials.
＝We don't know ________ to deal with the waste materials.
⑥对付小偷最好的办法是什么？
What's the best way of ____________________ thieves?
⑦雨水把大量的泥沙冲下山坡。

_________________________ sand were washed down
the hillside by the rain.
⑧每年在烟草上花去大量的钱。

____________ money is spent on tobacco every year.
⑨[改错] Many a boy learn to swim before he can read.___________________________
⑩— Can you give an example to show how useful a computer is?
— Sure. ________ people get ________ information from it every day.
A. A large number of; plenty of
B. The number of; a lot of
C. Lots of; a lot
D. Many a; a great deal of
3.explore vt.
(1)探测(未知的地方)
We explored the newly discovered island.
我们探测了新发现的岛屿。

(2)探究(问题、可能性等)
The economists explored all the possible ways to check the inflation.经济学家研究可能遏止通货膨胀的方法。

More and more countries are ________ mines under the sea.
A．expecting B．except C．exploring D．explaining
4.flight n．飞行；航班
It's an hour's flight to Paris from here.
从这里坐飞机到巴黎要一个小时。

All flights to New York today are delayed because of bad weather.因天气不好，今天飞往纽约的所有航班都延误了。

After the longdistance ________，I felt very tired.
A．fly B．flew C．flight D．flow
5.character n.
(1)品德，性格(不可数名词)
He is a man of strong character.他是一个个性很强的人。

(2)人物，角色(可数名词)
I find all the characters in his new play amusing and interesting.我发现他新剧中的人物都很风趣、逗人。

(3)汉字，字体(可数)
The characters look like pictures.
汉字看起来像是一幅幅小图画。

(4)特点，特征
The two problems are quite different in character.
这两个问题的性质完全不同。

考点提示：
in character合乎个性
out of character 与个性不符
in character with... 与……风格相同
(1)He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his __________ was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A．temper B．appearance C．talent D．character
(2)The King is a man of good and noble ________.
A．character B．quality C．power D．source
(3)They are twins but they have quite different ________.
A．common B．value C．reward D．character
6.calm
(1)n.(人)镇静；安静；(海，天气等)风平浪静，宁静
After the earthquake，there was only a dead calm.
地震后是死一般的寂静。

His sick mother was taken good care of by the nurses and this brought calm to his mind.
护士把母亲照顾得很好，这使他的心稍稍安定。

(2)adj.(海洋，天气等)安静的，无风浪的；(人)平静的
The sea was calm at the beginning of our voyage.
我们出海时，海上风平浪静。

He was calm when I told him the bad news.
当我告诉他这个坏消息时，他很平静。

Now keep calm everyone；the police are on their way.
现在请大家保持安静，警察就要来了。

[剑桥高阶]
(3)vi.平静下来，镇静(常用calm down)vt.使平静，平息
It was difficult to calm(down)the football fans.
要使足球迷们平静下来是很困难的。

考点提示：
calm/peaceful/quiet/still辨析
四个词作形容词时都含“平静的”意思。

(1)calm主要用于气候、海洋“风平浪静的”，也可指人表示“安静的”，“镇静的”。

The sky is blue，and the sea is calm.
天空碧蓝，海上风平浪静。

Although she was frightened，she answered with a calm voice.虽然她害怕，但还是用平静的声音回答。

(2)peaceful指“和平的”，表示“没有骚扰和战争的”。

a peaceful environment和平环境
(3)quiet指“没有吵闹声的，没有声音的”，它强调“声音很低，很小”或“全然无声”。

He had a quiet life.他过着宁静的生活。

(4)still指“没声音的，静止的”。

Stand still.I'll take a picture of you.
站着别动，我给你拍张照片。

(1)Let's go and ________ your angry brother down.
A．still B．calm C．quiet D．peaceful
(2)Ask the children to keep ________；it's too noisy.
A．quiet B．still C．separate D．quite
7.debate v．辩论，争论，讨论n．辩论，讨论
完成句子
①学生们和老师正在辩论什么？
What ___________________________ the teacher?
②针对水价上升问题展开了激烈的争论。

There is ___________________________ the prices of water problems.
8.declare v. ①宣布，宣告②断言，声称
完成句子
①他们宣布他为获胜者。

They declared that ____________________________.
＝They declared ____________________________.
②他们声明赞成我们的建议。

They declared ________ our proposal.
9.defeat v. ①击败，战胜[同beat; 反win] ②使失败，挫败，难倒n．失败[同failure]
完成句子/英译汉
①我们以2比1击败了他们。

We ___________________________ 2∶1.
②这次考试完全把我难倒了。

The exam completely ___________________________.
③Our team suffered another defeat.
_____________________________________________
判断下列句子正误，并将错句更正
④我们以10分的优势胜了他们队。

We beat their team by ten points.
________________________________________________________________________
⑤我们队赢了他们队。

We won their team.
________________________________________________________________________
10.deserve v．应受，应得，值得
完成句子
①这个问题值得考虑。

The question deserves consideration.
＝The question deserves ________________________.
＝The question deserves ________________________.
②我们应该获胜。

We deserve ___________________________.
答案:1.(1)peace(2)peace(3)peaceful(4)peaceful(5)peacefully
2.①to deal with②dealing with folk music③hard/difficult to deal with
④B本题考查省略句和非谓语动词的否定。

B项等于if it is not carefully dealt with。

⑤what; how⑥dealing with ⑦Great quantities of
⑧A large amount of/A great deal of/A large sum of ⑨把learn改为learns。

⑩A people为集合名词，形单意复，用a large number of或lots of修饰均可；information为不可数名词，用plenty of，a lot of或a great deal of修饰均可。

3.C[句意：越来越多的国家正在探测海底矿藏。

expect期望；except除……之外；explore探测；explain
解释。

]
4.C[句意：在长途飞行之后，我感到非常累。

这里需要名词，且意思是飞行。

所以选flight。

]
5.(1)D(2)A(3)D
6.(1)B[句意：让我们去使你那生气的哥哥平静下来吧。

这里需要动词且也只有calm符合题意。

] (2)A[句意：去叫孩子们保持安静，太吵了。

quiet安静的；still静止不动；separate分离的；quite非常。

]
7.①are the students debating (about) with②a warm debate about
8.①he was the winner; him (to be) the winner②for
9.①defeated them by②defeated me ③我们队再次被击败。

④√ ⑤won改为beat或defeated。

10.①considering; to be considered②to win
2015高考高频词汇必背及训练系列4
1.traditional adj.传统的，惯例的
In traditional Chinese culture，marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.
在传统的中国文化中，父母常常为儿女操办婚姻。

考点提示：
tradition n．传统，常规，惯例
follow/keep up the tradition 遵循传统
break the tradition 打破传统
according to tradition 据传统
There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. tradition B．balance C．concern D．Relationship
完成句子：
(1)The MidAutumn Day is a ________(传统的)festival of China.
(2)“When in Rome，do as the Romans do”means we should follow the________(传统，惯例)of a country.
2.include vt.
(1)包含，包括
Your responsibilities will include making appointments on my behalf.你的职责包括替我安排预约。

[剑桥高阶]
The price includes postage charges.
这个价钱包含邮资。

(2)把……列在里面，算入，计入
include...in/on/among...
He includes me among his friends.他把我当作朋友。

I include eggs on the list of things to buy.
我把鸡蛋列入购物单中。

考点提示：
(1)including(介词)包含、包括(置于名词前)
Seven people died in the accident，including a baby.
七人在事故中丧生，包括一个婴儿。

(2)included adj.(置于名词之后)
Many people went to the party，me included(＝including me)．许多人参加了聚会，包括我在内。

contain/include辨析
(1)contain指作为组成部分而被“含有”或“容纳”在内，是内容物的包括。

(2)include指作为整体中的一部分而被包括进去，是范围的包括。

(1)This atlas(地图册)________40 maps，________3 of the Great Britain.
A．contains；including B．includes；containing
C．contains；containing D．includes；including
(2)At least twenty people were injured in the car accident，three children________.
A．contained B．including C．were included D．included
3.celebrate vt.&vi.庆祝
How do people celebrate New Year in your country?
你们国家的人怎样庆祝新年？
考点提示：
celebration n．庆祝；典礼；庆祝会
celebrate Christmas/one's birthday 庆祝圣诞节/某人的生日
have/hold a celebration 举行一个庆祝会
in celebration of... 为了庆祝……
congratulate sb on sth /doing sth 祝贺某人某事/做某事
congratulations to sb on sth /doing sth
祝贺某人某事/做某事
congratulate/celebrate辨析
(1)congratulate的意思是“祝贺”，其宾语必须是人，使用congratulate sb on sth 结构；也常用其复数形式congratulations。

(2)celebrate的宾语是物，如节日、结婚纪念日、生日等令人欢乐的事情或日子。

用congratulate，celebrate填空
(1)We held a party in________of this victory.
(2)I offered my________on his success.
(3)We held a________to________his birthday.
(4)In the________，we________him on his promotion.
4.darkness n．黑暗
I can see nothing in the darkness.在黑暗中我什么也看不见。

The city centre was plunged into darkness by the power cut.市中心因停电变得一片漆黑。

darkness/dark辨析
darkness与dark没有绝对的区别。

但darkness常指一时的黑暗；dark表示经常或长时间的黑暗，用时须加the，另外它与介词at，before，after连用表示“黄昏”“傍晚”。

keep sth in the dark暗中做某事
keep sth dark 对某事保密
keep sb in the dark 对某人保密
用dark的有关短语填空
(1)They all knew the truth.Only I was ________ ________ ________.
(2)It's wrong for them to keep it ________ ________ ________.
5.destroy v．破坏，毁坏
The building was completely destroyed by fire.
这个建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。

All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal.
他回信拒绝，我的希望完全破灭。

They have destroyed all the evidence.
他们销毁了一切证据。

考点提示：
destruction n．破坏，摧毁
destructive adj. 造成毁灭或严重破坏的
destroy/damage/harm辨析
(1)destroy常指毁灭性的破坏。

(2)damage可指不同程度的损害、破坏。

(3)harm一般指身心、健康、名声的损害。

(1)The noises not only make it difficult to sleep，but they are ________ damage to our houses and shops. A．doing B．making C．putting D．raising
(2)The heavy rain________the hope of a picnic.
A．damaged B．destroyed C．harmed D．hurt
(3)He was lucky enough to escape being killed in the accident，but his car was completely________. A．damaged B．struck C．failed D．destroyed
6.serve
(1)vt.为……服务，效力
We should serve the people heart and soul.
我们应该全心全意为人民服务。

(2)vt.接待，招呼(顾客等)
The shop assistant is serving a customer.
商店服务员正在接待一位顾客。

First come，first served.先来者先被接待。

(先来后到)
(3)vt.端上(饭菜)，供应饮食
serve sb with sth 拿……来招待某人；供应……
The waiter served us with wine.服务生给我们倒酒。

(4)vt.&vt.服刑，服役，担任职务
The soldier has served in the army for 3 years.
那个士兵已服3年兵役。

The man served a long sentence in prison for his crime.
那个人为他犯的罪要长期服刑。

(5)serve as 担任(某职务)，充任；权当，当……用
He served two terms as president.他担任过两届总统。

When they slept in the open，dry leaves served as blanket.
当他们在野外睡觉时，干树叶就当毛毯用。

翻译句子:
(1)他服侍主人多年。

______________________________________________________
(2)他拿出水果来招待我们。

______________________________________________________
7.swallow
(1)vt.& vi.吞；咽
He had a sore throat and found it difficult to swallow.
他嗓子疼，觉得咽东西困难。

(2)vt.吞没；吞噬
The waves swallowed up the boat.浪涛吞噬船只。

(3)n.吞；咽
Take the medicine at one swallow.一口把药吞下。

(4)n.燕子
One swallow does not make a summer.
一燕不成夏。

(谚语)
完成句子:
(1)It's difficult for you to ________(吞下整个鸡蛋)．
翻译句子:
(2)洪水吞没一切挡在它路上的东西。

______________________________________________________
8.mess n．混乱
考点提示：
in a mess乱七八糟
make a mess 搞乱
Your books and magazines are almost in a mess; go and put them in order.
你的书和杂志简直乱七八糟，去把它们整理一下。

Margie's bedroom was in a ________，with books and papers covering every possible surface.
A．litter B．disorder C．mess D．rubbish
9.adopt v．采纳；收养
Our school has adopted a new teaching method.
我们学校采用了一种新的教学法。

They are not my real parents; I am adopted.
他们不是我的亲生父母，我是被收养的。

Those children had to ________ their parents' suggestion.
A．admit B．adopt C．adapt D．add
10.honour n．荣誉v．给予某人荣誉
an honour to sb 给予某人荣誉
have the honour to do sth ＝have the honour of doing sth
有做……的荣幸
in honour of sb / sth 向……表示敬意；为纪念……
Will you honour me with a visit？可否请您光临？
He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊为勇者。

She is an honour to our school.她是我校的光荣。

May I have the honour of dancing with you?
我有荣幸与你跳舞吗？
(1)I feel greatly honoured ________ into your group.
A．to welcome B．welcoming C．to be welcomed D．welcomed
(2)The street was named after a great man________ his great contributions to the city.
A．in honour of B．instead of C．in case of D．in need of
答案：1.A[句意：我们办公室有这样一个惯例，那就是当有人过生日的时候，他们会带块蛋糕来和我们一起分享。

tradition 传统；balance 平衡；concern 关心，担心；relationship 关系。

]
(1)traditional(2)tradition
2.(1)A(2)D
3.(1)celebration(2)congratulations(3)celebration；celebrate(4)celebration；congratulated
4.(1)in the dark(2)in the dark
5.(1)A(2)B(3)D
6.(1)He has served his master for many years.
(2)He served us with fruit.
7.(1)swallow a whole egg(2)The flood swallowed everything in its way.
8.C[句意：麦奇的卧室乱七八糟，书和纸弄得到处都是。

mess意为“零乱状态”；litter意为“废纸屑，垃圾，破烂”；disorder意为“杂乱，混乱，无秩序”；rubbish意为“垃圾，废物”。

]
9.B[句意：那些孩子不得不采纳父母的建议。

admit 承认；adopt 采纳；adapt 适应；add添加。

]
10.(1)C[句意：受到你们组的欢迎是我莫大的荣幸。

welcome 与I之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故welcome 须用被动语态形式。

]
(2)A[句意：那条街以一个伟人的名字命名的，是为了纪念他对这个城市所作的巨大贡献。

]
2015高考高频词汇必背及训练系列5
1.surprise n．惊奇，惊奇的事
I have got a big surprise for you.
我给你带来了一个大的惊喜。

v．使吃惊
What surprised us most was that she had such a sweet voice.最让我们感到惊讶的是她有如此甜美的嗓音。

to one's surprise 令人吃惊的是
To my surprise, he finished the task only in a few days.
令我惊讶的是他竟然在几天之内就完成了任务。

注意：surprising 表示令人惊讶；主语通常是使人惊讶的事；surprised 表示主语本身产生的情绪，主语是人。

What you've told me is surprising.
你给我讲的情况真令人吃惊。

The news made us surprised.这消息使我们很惊讶。

Though ________ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.
surprise B．was surprised C．surprised D．being surprised
2.disaster n．灾难，不幸，祸患
Fires，floods and earthquakes are disasters.
火灾、水灾和地震都是灾难。

This is one of the worst natural disasters ever to befall the area.这是该地区所经历的最严重的自然灾害之一。

考点提示：
disasteraffected area受灾地区
a traffic disaster 交通惨祸
a disaster to s
b 某人的灾难
escape disaster 逃避灾难
die in the disaster 死于灾祸
The voyage to the Atlantic Ocean ended________.
A．with disaster B．in disaster C．with destroy D．in fail
3.promote vt.
(1)促进，增进
Exercise promotes health.锻炼可增进健康。

The organization works to promote friendship between nations.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。

(2)使(某人)升级，擢升(某人)至……(to)
The boy was promoted to the fourth grade.
这个男孩升到四年级。

The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain.
这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。

(3)(在宣传上)促销，推销(商品)
Do you have any idea how to promote the sales of this product？如何来推销这种产品你有什么办法吗？考点提示：
promote...as把……推广为
promote sb to the post of 升某人担当……职位
promote sb to... 晋升某人为……
注意：promote sb to之后表职位的名词不加冠词。

完成句子：
(1)我们的老师已被提升为校长了。

Our teacher has ________ ________ ________ headmaster.
(2)这家公司在电视上宣传他们的新产品。

The company are ________ ________ ________ ________ on television.
(3)他晋升为新工厂的经理。

He ________ ________ ________ of the new workshop.
4.expect v．盼望；认为；预料
The rent was much more than we had expected to pay.
租金比我们预计要付的多得多。

He didn't expect to see me.他没有料到会碰见我。

考点提示：
expect＋代词/名词/that从句盼望；预料
expect to do sth 盼望做某事
expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事
than expected 比预料中的
I expect so. 我想是这样的。

I expect not＝I don't expect so. 我认为不是这样。

I don't expect that... 我认为……不……(否定前移)
I've worked with children before，so I know what________in my new job.
A．expected B．to expect C．to be expecting D．expects
mit vt.
(1)犯(罪、错等)
They committed many horrible crimes against the people.
他们对人民犯下许多可怕的罪行。

If we don't understand this，we shall commit mistakes.
我们如果不理解这一点，就会犯错误。

commit suicide自杀
commit crimes 犯罪
commit mistakes 犯错误
(2)交托；交付；移交(为保管或处理)。