2025届高中英语译林版高考复习学案：形容词、副词和比较等级

形容词、副词和比较等级（答案在最后）
●高考感悟/练真题·悟技法·锁定目标●
单句语法填空
1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
2．[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
3．[2023·北京卷]Soon after moving to Switzerland, I would throw a house­warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up ________ (exact) on time.
4．[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]So, what are they learning? ________ (basic), how to describe a panda's life.
5．[2022·全国乙卷]As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ________ (large) tea­producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
6．[2022·全国甲卷]Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ________ (meaning).
7．[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷]The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ________ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
8．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ________ (sleep) while watching TV.
9．[2022·北京卷]That's a big problem and it is getting even ________ (bad). The world won't survive if this situation continues.
10．[2021·全国甲卷]Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ________ (day) routines.
●考点研析/破重点·析疑难·精准清障●
考点一形容词和副词的基本用法
1.形容词的基本用法
(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。

As far as I know, Chinese traditional culture, including paper­cutting, guzheng and so on, has its unique characteristics.
据我所知，中国传统文化，包括剪纸、古筝等，都有其独特的特点。

Although it was a hard time and things were tight for everybody, Bernard's business worked out quite well.
虽然那是一段艰难的时期，每个人的处境都很艰难，但伯纳德的生意做得很好。

(2)形容词作状语主要表示原因、结果或伴随等，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。

Flushed and breathless, she bounded in through the gate.
她满脸通红气喘吁吁地从大门口跑了进来。

【名师指津】以­ly结尾的形容词，常见的：friendly, lovely, lively, lonely, elderly, deadly 等。

2．副词的基本用法
(1)副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、数词、介词短语其他副词或修饰整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。

①Landing on the moon's far side is extremely challenging.
登陆月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。

②Besides, we can absorb all kinds of resources to learn more efficiently．
此外，我们可以吸收各种资源来更有效地学习。

③Needless to say, they were deeply moved, especially Bernard who finally found a way to make money for his family.
不用说，他们都深受感动，尤其是伯纳德，他终于找到了赚钱养家的方法。

(2)常考的连接性副词：though“然而，可是”(用于句末); meanwhile“在此期间”；therefore/thus/consequently“因此，所以”；moreover/furthermore“而且，此外”；besides“另外，还有”；however“然而”；instead“相反，代替”；anyway/anyhow“尽管，即使这样”；otherwise“否则”。

The young man couldn't afford a new car. Instead, he bought a used one.
那个年轻人买不起新车，便买了一辆二手的。

The house was too expensive and too big. Besides, I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
这个房子太贵、太大了，而且，我已经越来越喜欢我们租的这间小屋了。

【名师指津】易用错的几类副词
(1)意义有别的同根副词。

如：free(免费地)/freely(自由地), hard(努力地)/hardly(几乎不), late(晚，迟)/lately(最近), most(很，最)/mostly(主要地), fair(公平地)/fairly(相当地), near(临近)/nearly(几乎)等。

(2)有些副词有两种形式：以­ly结尾时表示抽象意义；与形容词同形的表示具体意义。

如：close接近/closely密切地；wide宽地/widely广泛地；high高地/highly高度地；deep 深地/deeply深深地。

即学即练
单句语法填空
1．[2023·新课标Ⅰ卷]No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
2．[2023·全国甲卷]________ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
3．[2023·全国乙卷]However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she ________ (final) got purple hair.
4．[2023·新课标Ⅱ卷]I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ________ (confidence) speaking English.
5．[2022·浙江1月卷]On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, ________ (rough) 200 academics—many of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
6．[2022·浙江6月卷]Blind people recognize shapes with their ________ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of sighted people, says Ella Striem­Amit, a Harvard scientist.
7．[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]When he looked down, he ________ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge.
8．[2024·安庆市模拟]In the study, GBS was used to provide a ________ (high) efficient way
of demonstrating quantum computational speedup in solving some tasks.
考点二形容词和副词的比较等级
1.比较级和最高级的构成
又可以分别加more、most构成比较级和最高级。

常考的词：narrow, common, clever, simple, quiet, stupid等。

(2)不规则变化
good/well→better→best; bad/ill→worse→worst; many/much→more→most; far→farther/further→farthest/furthest; little→less→least; old→older/elder→oldest/eldest 2．比较等级的用法
(1)同级比较
①as＋adj./ad v. (原形)＋as... “和……一样”；not as/so＋adj./ad v. (原形)＋as... “和……不一样”
Since people are fond of humour, it is as welcome in conversation as anywhere else.
因为人们喜欢幽默，所以在谈话中或其他任何地方它都是受欢迎的。

②当as... as结构中有名词时，可用以下结构：
as＋形容词原级＋a(n)＋n.＋as...
as＋many＋可数名词复数＋as...
as＋much＋不可数名词＋as...
I'm not a little tired today after giving the room a thorough cleaning and I have never had as tiring a day as today.
今天对房间进行了大扫除之后我很累，我从来没有过比今天更累的一天了。

(2)比较级
“形容词/副词比较级＋than”表示“两者中一方比另一方更……”。

“less＋形容词/副词原级＋than”结构，表示“一方不及另一方……”。

I know my sister better than anyone else.
我比其他任何人更了解我姐姐。

【名师指津】修饰比较等级的副词：much, even, still, far, yet, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, any等。

more, very等副词不可修饰比较级。

(3)最高级
①表示三者或三者以上的比较，常见的结构：“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示“……是……中最……的”。

Tom is content with the watch. It is the best gift he has ever got.
汤姆对这块表很满意。

这是他得到的最好的礼物。

②最高级的其他表达法
否定词＋比较级
比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than anything/anyone else
Your story is perfect. I've never heard a better one before.
你的故事太完美了，我以前从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。

The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.
长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。

【名师指津】有些词本身就有最高级含义，不能再用最高级形式，常见的：favourite，wonderful，exhausted等；有些词本身有比较级含义，故不与than连用，如be senior to等。

(4)含有比较等级的特殊句型
①the＋adj./ad v. 比较级，the＋adj./ad v. 比较级“越……，越……”
②adj./ad v. 比较级＋and＋adj./ad v. 比较级“越来越……”
③the＋adj. 比较级＋of the two＋名词“某人或某物是两者中较……的那个”
④no more than“仅仅”，not more than“至多；不超过”
⑤more... than... “与其说……不如说……”
⑥no＋比较级＋than “和……一样不……”
⑦not＋比较级＋than “不比……更……”
⑧倍数句型
A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size, length, height等)＋of＋B
The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.
总的来说，电子废弃物正以比传统垃圾快三倍的速度增加。

More and more people realise the importance of learning a foreign language well.
越来越多的人认识到学好一门外语的重要性。

即学即练
单句语法填空
1．[2023·北京卷]Being new to the school made me even ________ (shy), so it was surprising I'd chat to anyone around me.
2．[2022·全国甲卷]In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's ________ (high) mountain.
3．[2021·浙江1月卷]This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
4．[2021·全国甲卷]After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
5．[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷]The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ________ (hot) the spring!
6．[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their ________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
●小试牛刀/夯基础·提技能·高效备考●
Ⅰ.语法填空
[2024·辽宁省高三上学期期中试题]
Evacuation (疏散) orders from Israel's military have forced hundreds of thousands of people 1.________ (flee) south from their homes in northern Gaza since Friday, the 2.________ (large) wave of civilian displacement (离开家园) in a week of war according to the United Nations, even as others refused to leave, fearing that escape routes are too dangerous.
The main roads running from north 3.________ south were crowded. In some areas traffic came to 4.________ stop with trucks, buses, overpacked cars and people on foot all 5.________ (crowd) onto the same narrow roads to head south.
But many 6.________ (civilian), including hospital staff, are refusing to leave. Ahmed Okal, 43, 7.________ lives in Gaza City's Zaitoun neighborhood, said he didn't trust that civilians traveling south wouldn't be targeted with airstrikes (空袭). “I am 8.________ (definite) afraid of staying here, 9.________ I will not risk the lives of my wife and children on the way to the south，”he said, referring to reports that some of those fleeing 10.________ (kill) in an airstrike.
Ⅱ.写作运用
完成下面短文，注意本部分语法的运用。

Dear David，
I've learned from the Internet that you want to make a Chinese friend so as to learn the Chinese language and culture.
1.________________________________________________________ (我很高兴你对中国有浓厚的兴趣)and I would like to be your friend.
2．________________________________________________________________________ ______ (我将尽可能经常地给你写信介绍中国文化). When you have an opportunity to come to China, I'll teach you how to speak Chinese and 3.____________________________________________________________ (带你参观一些著名的历史名胜). 4.________________________________________________________ (无论如何，我将尽可能多地帮助你). How do you think?
I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
第四讲形容词、副词和比较等级
高考感悟
1．答案与解析：tasty考查形容词。

句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。

修饰后面的名词soup(汤)应用形容词，故用tasty“美味的”作定语。

2．答案与解析：visiting考查形容词。

空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit 对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。

3．答案与解析：exactly考查副词。

修饰介词短语on time应用副词exactly。

4．答案与解析：Basically考查副词。

分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰。

5．答案与解析：largest考查形容词最高级。

根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。

6．答案与解析：meaningful考查形容词。

此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。

7．答案与解析：eventually考查副词。

设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。

8．答案与解析：asleep考查形容词。

句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。

根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。

sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。

fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“入睡的”，asleep符合句意。

9．答案与解析：worse考查比较级。

句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。

even“甚至”常置于比较级前，所以此处用worse。

10．答案与解析：daily考查词性转换。

修饰名词routines应用形容词形式，daily routine 为固定搭配，意为“日常生活”。

考点研析
考点一
即学即练
1．答案与解析：rarely考查副词。

修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。

2．答案与解析：Different考查形容词。

句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。

be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。

3．答案与解析：finally考查副词。

此处修饰动词got，应用副词，作状语。

4．答案与解析：confident考查形容词。

空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident。

5．答案与解析：roughly考查副词。

此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地，大约”。

6．答案与解析：existing考查形容词。

句意：哈佛大学科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特
(Ella Striem-Amit)说，盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状，在某种程度上与正常人相似。

形容词existing作定语，修饰sense。

7．答案与解析：accidentally考查副词。

句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。

根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。

accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。

8．答案与解析：highly句意：在这项研究中，GBS被用来提供一种高效的方法来证明量子计算在解决一些任务时的加速。

修饰后文形容词efficient应用副词highly，表示程度高。

考点二
即学即练
1．答案与解析：shyer考查形容词比较级。

根据空前的even，空处应用形容词比较级。

2．答案与解析：highest考查形容词最高级。

根据空前Africa's可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。

3．答案与解析：lower考查形容词比较级。

根据后面的“higher” “fewer”可知，此处应用形容词比较级。

故填lower。

4．答案与解析：better考查比较等级。

分析句子结构，且根据空后的than可知，空处应用good的比较级。

5．答案与解析：hotter考查比较等级。

根据语境可知，气温越低，温泉就越热。

本空所在句使用了“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，表示“越……越……”。

故本空填hot 的比较级hotter。

6．答案与解析：finest考查最高级。

句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。

结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。

故填finest。

小试牛刀
Ⅰ.语法填空
【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。

主要报道的是以色列下令撤离后，数十万人逃往加沙南部。

1．答案与解析：to flee考查动词不定式。

此处为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，根据force sb.to do sth.意为“迫使某人做某事”，所以此处应为动词不定式作宾语补足语，people与flee 之间为主动关系。

故填to flee。

2．答案与解析：largest考查形容词最高级。

此处为形容词作定语修饰名词，空前有定冠词the，用形容词最高级形式。

故填largest。

3．答案与解析：to考查介词。

此处为固定短语from...to...意为“从……到……”符合句意，所以此处应使用介词to。

故填to。

4．答案与解析：a考查冠词。

此处为固定短语come to a stop意为“停滞不前”符合句意，所以此处使用不定冠词a。

故填a。

5．答案与解析：crowding考查现在分词。

此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，所以，此处应为非谓语动词作宾语补足语，crowd与宾语“trucks, buses, overpacked cars and people on foot all”之间为主动关系，故填crowding。

6．答案与解析：civilians考查名词复数。

此处为名词作主语，空前有many修饰，所
以此处应使用名词复数形式。

故填civilians。

7．答案与解析：who考查定语从句。

此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词Ahmed Okal指的是人，故填who。

8．答案与解析：definitely考查副词。

此处为副词作状语修饰形容词，故填definitely 意为“当然”。

9．答案与解析：but考查并列连词。

此处为连词连接两个并列句，结合句意可知，两句之间为转折关系，故填but。

10．答案与解析：were killed考查谓语动词。

此处为谓语动词，根据“referring to reports”可知，此处指的是报道中的事情，所以此处使用一般过去时，kill与主语some of those之间为被动关系，且句子主语为复数。

故填were killed。

Ⅱ.写作运用
1．I'm glad that you show such great interest in China
2．I will try my best to write to you as often as possible to introduce to you the Chinese culture
3．show you around some famous historical places of interest
4．Anyway, I am going to help you as much as I can。