2018届高考英语一轮复习Unit3History学案重庆大学版

Unit 3
History
一、单词——在语境中默写，在联想中积累
⇩积得多平时多积累，考场出华章
二、短语——在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多
多平时多积累，考场出华章
⇩积得
第一板块核心单词归纳集释
1．terrify vt.使恐怖，恐吓
[经典例句] He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens. What he saw shocked and terrified him.
他停下来，好奇地仰望天空。

他看到的景象使他感到震惊和畏惧。

She was terrified of living in the big house alone. 她害怕独自一人住在这个大房子里。

②It has been confirmed that men are more_terrified (terrify) at the thought of being alone than women.
已证实，男性比女性在想到独自一人时更惊恐不安。

2．inform vt.通知；告知
[高考佳句] It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.(2015·福建高考单选)
为了避免我们担心，米歇尔告知我们他耽搁了，他想得很周到。

Had I informed_him_of_the_exact_time for the meeting earlier, he wouldn't have been late yesterday.
要是我早一点通知他开会的准确时间，昨天他就不会迟到。

②The newspapers keep us informed (inform) of what is going on around us at any time.
报纸让我们随时了解我们周围发生的事情。

③If you are interested in it, let me know and I'll send you more information (inform)．(2015·北京高考书面表达)
如果你对此感兴趣，请让我知道，我会给你发送更多的信息。

3．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的
[教材原句] On September 11 I ran home from the bus stop, anxious to hear what had happened.
9月11日那天，我从公交车站跑回家中，急于想听到发生了什么事情。

to_get (get) help from you.
别人告诉我辅导中心可以给学生提供帮助，我急于想从您那儿得到一些帮助。

②As is known, the common man in every country is anxious for world peace.
众所周知，每个国家的老百姓都渴望世界和平。

③Anxiously (anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit.(2014·天津高考单选)
她焦急地从包裹里拿出裙子，试穿了一下，结果发现它不合身。

[单词集成训练]
Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空)
1．In fact, what appeals to me about her painting is not the style but the colours she uses.
2．Evidently, realizing this difference and trying to shorten this gap is the key to achieving our accomplishment (accomplish)．
3．As far as I know, she puts all her energies (energy) into her work.
4．In my opinion, smoking is a really disgusting (disgust) habit.
5．Most teenagers find something to rebel against.
6．It keeps us informed (inform) of what has happened during the week, for it covers both national and international news.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．terrify全接触
(1)单句语法填空
①The little girl was so terrified at the terrifying mask on his face that she burst into tears.(terrify)
②They terrified the boy into not telling what he had seen.
(2)补全句子
③老太太害怕横穿交通繁忙的马路。

The old lady was_terrified_of_crossing the busy road.
④你确实是个优秀的骑手，我还怕你被摔下来呢。

You are really a wonderful rider; I was_terrified_that you might be thrown.
2．anxious短语点点练
(1)用anxious的适当形式填空
We were ①anxious about his health, and we were waiting ②anxiously for the doctor to arrive.Finally, the doctor's diagnosis removed all our ③anxieties.
(2)单句语法填空
④The foreign minister admitted he was still anxious about the situation in Ukraine.
⑤She was anxious to_finish (finish) school and get a job.
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
1．根据语境选出tax的词性和词义
(A)n.税，税金，税款(B)n.负担
(C)vt.责备 (D)vt.对……征税
①He was taxed with neglecting the safety regulations.__C__
②Tobacco and alcoholic drinks are taxed heavily in their country.__D__
③Father is trying to figure out his tax.__A__
④The care of six children is a tax on her energy.__B__
2．根据语境选出appeal的词性和词义
(A)vi.有吸引力(B)vi.上诉
(C)n.恳求 (D)n.呼吁
①He made one last appeal to his father to forgive him.__C__
②—How did you like Nick's performance last night?
—To be honest, his singing didn't appeal to me much.__A__
③The hospital has made an appeal to raise money for new equipment.__D__
④She appealed to the High Court against her sentence.__B__
第二板块短语句型归纳集释
1．stare at凝视；盯着看
[高考佳句] There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring at the night sky.(2014·湖南高考单选)
没有什么比躺在草坪中央凝视夜空更惬意的事了。

(1)stare sb. into ... 瞪某人/使其……
stare sb. in the face 凝视某人的脸；就在某人的眼前
(2)glare at 怒目而视
glance at 瞥一眼，看一眼
①She glanced_shyly_at him and then lowered her eyes.
她羞怯地瞥了他一下，随即垂下眼帘。

②They didn't fight, but stood there glaring_at one another.
他们没有打架，只是站在那里怒目相视。

2．in terms of 根据，按照；从……角度；就……而言
[教材原句] Before researching Cornwallis, I had been seeing history in terms of black and white, good and bad.
在研究康沃利斯之前，我一直是从黑与白、好和坏的角度来看历史的。

in the long/short term 从长/短期来看
be on good/bad terms with sb. 与某人交情好/不好
come to terms with sb. 与某人达成协议，与某人和解
come to terms with sth. 迁就顺从；接受(令人不快的事物)
①In_the_long_term,_it to be_on_good_terms_with
so we should learn to come_to_terms_with others.
从长远来看，与我们周围的人处好关系很有必要，所以我们要学会迁就别人。

②Bear in mind that with humor sense, you can always
be_on_good_terms_with_others.
牢记拥有幽默感，你就能总是和其他人保持友好关系。

[联想发散] 表示“根据，按照”的短语还有：according to, be based on, in accordance with 等。

中作宾语补足语，表示主动、进行。

find 的复合结构还有如下形式：
find ＋宾语＋⎩⎪⎨⎪
⎧
形容词/副词过去分词表示被动、完成
介词短语
①Dick found himself walking (walk) in the direction of Mike's place. 迪克发现自己正朝迈克家的方向走去。

②Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost (lose) for words. 甚至最好的作家有时候也会发现自己表达不出来。

③I hope to find you in_better_spirits when we meet again. 当我们再见面时我希望你情绪会更好。

(2)另外，find 还可构成“find＋it ＋adj.＋to do sth.”结构。

其中it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语。

④In fact, I still find_it_hard_to_make good friends with her. 事实上，我发现还是很难跟她成为好朋友。

[名师指津] 与find 一样后可跟复合结构的动词还有：see, hear, watch, notice, have 等。

[短语句型集成训练]
Ⅰ.基础点全练 1．单句语法填空
①Men in shirt stood outside their houses and glared at us.
②Not so long ago, it seemed that China might finally be ready to take on a large role.
③The weather turned out to be good, which was more than we could expect. ④We speak in whispers for fear that we might wake my father. ⑤We admired him for the way that he faced difficulties.
2．运用所学短语完成片段
①With_the_help_of (在……的帮助下) our English teacher, Tom ②turned_in (上交) his pap er on time today. He told me that he was ③in_agreement_with (同意……) our English teacher's advice ④in_whispers (低声地). I realized it was our English teacher's advice ⑤rather_than (而不是) what I said that helped him make great progress. He ⑥saw_our_English_teacher_as (把我们的英语老师看作) a good example. The advice that our English teacher gave him ⑦turned_out (结果是) to be right.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．term相关短语面面观
(1)介、副词填空
①It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality. (2014·福建高考单选)
②Learning is not always easy, but it is always beneficial in the long term.
③I had no idea that she was on bad terms with her colleagues.
④He'd finally come to terms with that company.
(2)根据汉语提示完成片段
⑤In_the_long_term (从长期来看), China and Japan should
⑥be_on_good_terms_with (与……关系友好) each other because they are neighbors. However, the relationship between the two countries is nervous because of the Diaoyu Islands. ⑦In_terms_of (根据) history, the Diaoyu Islands belong to China. Although the Japanese government claimed to have nationalized (把……收归国有) the Diaoyu Islands, the Chinese government wouldn't ⑧come_to_terms_with (接受) it.
2．find句式全练通
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①On the way home, he found his pocket picked (pick)．
②He hurried to the store, only to find the door closed (close)．
③When he came to himself, he found himself lying (lie) in hospital.
(2)句式升级
④He found that his daughter was surrounded by letters and papers and she looked very worried.
→He found his daughter surrounded by letters and papers and looking very worried.
[课堂练牢基础]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．They terrified her into handing over the key to the safe.
2．She stared at the painting, wondering where she had seen it.
3．The traffic problems we are looking forward to seeing solved (solve) have attracted the government's attention.
4．The children would cycle to the countryside rather than stay indoors all the day.
5．In terms of contents, Mo Yan frequently writes about his own hometown, Gaomi, Shandong Province.
6．A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking (smoke) in the kitchen.
7．She was anxious to_finish (finish) school and get a job.
8．It is necessary that we keep the young generation informed (inform) of the current affairs.
9．I'd like to start my own business — that's what I'd do if I had the money.
10．As it turned out,_he lost his job because of being late frequently.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of which left their village homes for a better life in the city.which→whom
2．I still find it terrified to find myself surrounded by large numbers of horses.terrified→terrifying
3．Child as he is, he takes up the responsibility of supporting the family.up→on 4．It is not uncommon that a sunny morning will turn out be a cloudy day at this time of the year.be前加to
5．This music is too old­fashioned to appeal for young people any longer. for→to 6．I found myself surrounding by a group of children full of curiosity.surrounding→surrounded
7．Before driving into the city, you are required to have your car
washing.washing→washed
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
set_aside (留出) some time to play with it and walk it as far as I can after supper.
①One day, I found my pet dog was lying on the floor out of breath when I opened the door. I looked at in_shock (震惊地). I was afraid that it was dying. I carried
In_terms_of (根据) what the vet said, it must have got seriously sick and it would get better after a few days. But after I heard what
However (And/Therefore/However), with_the_help_of (在……的帮助下) the vet, it came to life at last.
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分
(1)as far as I can→as_far_as_possible
(2)looked at→stared_at
(3)afraid→terrified
2．用“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构改写句①
One_day,_I_found_my_pet_dog_lying_on_the_floor_out_of_breath_when_I_opened_ the_door.
[课下练熟高考]
练(一) 第Ⅱ卷强化增分练——练规范
(限时：45分钟)
Ⅰ.语法填空
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
This dog is very __1__ (access) and likes getting close to everyone it meets.This kind of dog is so cute that even though it might have never seen you __2__， if it sees you sitting down and looking lovely, it will jump onto your lap and show you __3__ (kind)．These dogs are not the right choice if you are looking for a watchdog, but if you want an honest companion, you need look no __4__ (far)．If you accept them as a part of your family, they will provide you with love and affection.
But besides being loving, they are also very playful and like chasing other small animals, so __5__ (keep) them on a chain when going for a walk would be a smart thing to do.If their personality doesn't make your heart __6__ (melt), their beautiful eyes __7__， and when you see the warmth in them you will feel the urge to pet them
—and that is exactly __8
life could __9__ (enrich) by its company if you are ready __10__ that.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了骑士查理王犬的个性及特征。

1．accessible 系动词后接形容词作表语，accessible意为“易接近的”。

2．before 根据语境可知，此处指的是“即使它之前从未见过你”，故要用before, before与完成时连用。

3．kindness show后接双宾语，且you为间接宾语，故用名词kindness作直接宾语。

4．further/farther 由语境可知，此处指“你不需要再找了”，应用副词比较级。

5．keeping 分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词作主语，故填keeping。

6．melt 此处是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，heart与melt之间是主动关系，故用省略to的不定式作宾补。

注意：melt表示“态度软下来，变得温和有同情心”时，是不及物动词。

7．will if引导的条件状语从句用了一般现在时表将来，故主句用一般将来时。

注意：will后的“make your heart melt”承前省略。

8．what 分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故填what。

9．be enriched 句子的主语your life与enrich之间为被动关系，再根据could可知，该空填be enriched。

10．for 此处是be ready for“为……做好准备”的搭配，故填介词for。

Ⅱ.短文改错
(2017·唐山市高三一模)Recently a survey has been done find out the reading interests of senior middle school students. With this survey, two thousands senior middle school students from ten schools in Lanzhou were interviewed. They were asking which they liked reading most among the four categories of English articles: news, stories, popular science articles and articles about learning methods.
The survey show that more than a half of the students like to read news most. Twenty­six percent of the students say that English stories are his favorite. Only seven percent of the students are mostly interested in reading articles about learning methods. However, the number of students who enjoy read popular science articles doubles that of those which prefer reading articles about learning methods.
答案：第一句：done后加to
第二句：With→In; thousands→thousand
第三句：asking→asked
第四句：show→shows; 去掉a
第五句：his→their
第六句：mostly→most
第七句：read→reading; which→who
Ⅲ.书面表达
(2017·重庆一中高三一模)假如你是新华中学的学生李华。

最近你在英语课的某个单元中学习了一些关于急救的知识，感觉很有用，想建议学校提供专门的急救课程，以便学生了解更多相关知识。

于是，你给校长写了一封信。

要点如下：
1．急救课程有用；
2．需要开课的原因；
3．你的建议。

注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数。

Dear Mr. President，
Our class has been studying a unit on first aid.____________________________ ________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua 参考范文：
Dear Mr. President，
Our class has been studying a unit on first aid. It has been very useful because we have learnt about what to do to help someone who has had an accident.
Even though the unit is very interesting and useful, we would like to be able to do a first aid course. Because it would give information about many more situations. It would also give us the chance to practice first aid treatments.
I suggest that the school should organize a first aid course. We think such a course at the school is a necessary part of our education and will make us more useful members of our society. Perhaps we will even save someone's life one day.
Best regards!
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
练(二) 阅读理解组合练——练短板
(限时：15分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·太原五中高三月考)The people of Austria call their country Osterreich, which can be trans lated as “eastern realm”. The origin of the name goes back to the 10th century, when Austria was an eastern border area of the Holy Roman Empire. From this early beginning, Austria itself grew into a great empire. During the 16th century, its emperor was the ruler of about ten countries. Today
Austria is a small but rich nation in Central Europe.
Religious holidays and other festivals are joyful occasions
in Austria. In some religions, for example, there is an exciting
festival for scaring away the winter. Weddings are very special occasions in the villages. These are days of much singing and dancing. One of the most exciting dances to watch is the Schuhplatter. In this dance the men slap (拍打) their bodies while the girls twirl (旋转) around them in their bright dresses. They dance to the music of the violin. The musicians play faster and faster toward the end of the dance until the dancers are out of breath.
A favorite holiday throughout Austria is December 6, or Nikolo (Santa Claus) visits Austrian children. The night before, the children always remember to leave their shoes where Nikolo will find them. In the morning, the good children find presents in their shoes, but the bad children find only pieces of coal and potatoes. Krampus, a black­faced monster who is half human and often half horse, is supposed to company Saint Nicholas on his travels. Bad children are especially afraid of Krampus. It is said that he carries a broom to hit very bad boys and girls.
In Austria, there are three music festivals each year that attract thousands of music lovers from all over the world. Tickets to operas, concerts, and plays in Austria are often sold out weeks in advance. Even rehearsals (排练) are usually well attended by students. When the old Vienna Opera House was bombed during World War Ⅱ， thousands of desperately poor Austrians contributed small amounts of money to repair the building.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。

介绍了奥地利的历史、具有代表性的节假日活动以及奥地利人民对音乐的热爱。

1．Austria was named Osterreich according to its ________.
A．tradition B．location
C．population D．expansion
解析：选B 细节理解题。

根据第一段“‘eastern realm’. The origin of the name
goes back to ... grew into a great empire.”可知，由于奥地利的地理位置——位于神圣罗马帝国的东部边界，奥地利人称自己的国家为Osterreich，意为“东部王国”。

故选B。

2．We know from the text that the Schuhplatter is performed ________.
A．by both men and women
B．along with religious music
C．at the beginning of the winter
D．with dancers playing instruments
解析：选A 细节理解题。

根据第二段“In this dance the men slap(拍打)their bodies while the girls twirl(旋转)around them in their bright dresses.”可知答案应选A。

3．On Nikolo Day, ________.
A．kids always hide their shoes
B．kids should behave themselves
C．Nikolo only gives gifts to good children
D．Nikolo plays hide­and­seek with children
解析：选 C 细节理解题。

根据第三段“In the morning, the good children find presents in their shoes, but the bad children find only pieces of coal and potatoes.”可知答案应选C。

4．The last paragraph mainly shows ________.
A．Austrians' love of music
B．the attractiveness of music
C．the influence of music on Austria
D．three world­famous music festivals
解析：选A 段落大意题。

根据最后一段可知，奥地利每年都举办三个音乐节，音乐演出的门票非常紧俏，奥地利人民即使生活困顿也要节衣缩食重建剧院，这些都反映出奥地利人民对音乐的热爱。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Tips for the perfect selfie (自拍)
You can take a selfie with a hand­held digital camera or mobile phone and later share it on the Internet.So selfies have been especially popular over the years.__1__ Love them or hate them; selfies show no sign of stopping.
After all, the selfie is the most important way to show off on holiday.Everyone has his own way to take the holiday selfies.How can you take the best holiday selfies？__2__
♦‘Food chew’ style
Want to let everyone know how exciting your holiday food choices are？__3__ You can also cut off a piece to show off what's inside.But don't have food hanging out of your mouth.Remember, food always looks best before being eaten.
♦‘I'm so adventurous’ style
Rock climbing, hiking, surfing, or skiing？__4__ Just let the natural settings make people go “wow”．One commonly used gesture is spreading out an arm to show how thrilled you are. But remember that no one likes a sweaty selfie.
♦‘I am cultured tourist’ style
__5__ You can also try an optical illusion (视错觉) by making it look like you're holding up the leaning tower of Pisa, touching the top of the Eiffel Tower, or picking the Sphinx's nose.
A．Just taking a selfie against a famous cultural site makes you look great.
B．Some people have no idea where to travel.
C．According to a recent survey, half of the interviewees admitted to taking a selfie while on holiday.
D．These adventurous holiday moments are great for a selfie.
E．Different cultures have different characteristics of food.
F．Hold up some food on your fork or chopsticks.
G．Here are some useful posing tips for you.
答案：1～5 CGFDA。