2019届高考英语二轮复习与策略讲练：专题7 阅读理解 类型6 生态环保

类型6| 生态环保
(2016·北京高考·C )
California Condor's Shocking Recovery
California condor
California condors are North America's largest birds ，with
winglength of up to 3 meters.In the 1980s ，electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out.Now ，electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
In the late 1980s ，the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖)．Since 1992，there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild ，and there are now more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona ，Utah and Baja in Mexico.
Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night ，they just don't see the power lines ，” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines ，
resulting in electrocution (电死) if they touch two lines at once.
So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.Tall poles ，placed in large training areas ，teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock.Before the training was introduced ，66% of set ­free birds died of electrocution.This has now dropped to 18%.
Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with.When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead ，they absorb large quantities of lead.This
affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds，and can lead to kidney(肾) failure and death.So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo，where they are treated with calcium EDTA，a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.This work is starting to pay off.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.
Rideout's team thinks that the California condors' average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now，”he says.“They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”
63．California condors attract researchers' interest because they ．
A．are active at night
B．had to be bred in the wild
C．are found only in California
D．almost died out in the 1980s
64．Researchers have found electrical lines are ．
A．blocking condors' journey home
B．big killers of California condors
C．rest places for condors at night
D．used to keep condors away
65．According to Paragraph 5，lead poisoning ．
A．makes condors too nervous to fly
B．has little effect on condors' kidneys
C．can hardly be gotten rid of from condors' blood
D．makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds
66．This passage shows that ．
A．the average survival time of condors is satisfactory
B．Rideout's research interest lies in electric engineering
C．the efforts to protect condors have brought good results
D．researchers have found the final answers to the problem
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。

美国加利福尼亚秃鹰由于触电和铅中毒而濒
临灭绝，研究人员采取了一些措施来挽救秃鹰，从而使这一种群渐渐恢复了生机。

长难句解读：So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo，where they are treated with calcium EDTA，a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.
分析：本句为复合句。

主语部分有with短语作定语，where引导的定语从句修饰前面的Los Angeles Zoo，a chemical为calcium EDTA的同位语，其后是that 引导的定语从句。

翻译：于是，体内含有高剂量铅的秃鹰被送往洛杉矶动物园。

在那里，用一种名为EDTA的钙物质为其治疗，这是一种化学药物，能够在几天时间内清除血液中的铅。

63．D[推理判断题。

根据第一、二段内容可知，20世纪80年代，由于触电和铅中毒，加利福尼亚州的秃鹰濒临灭绝，20世纪80年代末，仅剩的几只秃鹰从野外被带回繁殖，由此可推断正是秃鹰濒临灭绝才引起了研究人员的注意和兴趣，故选D项。

]
64．B[细节理解题。

根据第三段内容可知，电线一直是使秃鹰丧命的杀手，并且解释原因说，秃鹰晚上休息的时候看不见电线，而它们宽大的翅膀正好同时搭在两根电线上，于是它们立刻就被电死了，故选B项。

]
65．D[细节理解题。

根据第五段内容可知，铅中毒影响了秃鹰的神经系统和繁殖能力(affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds)，并且可以导致它们肾衰竭和死亡，故选D项。

]
66．C[推理判断题。

本文主要介绍了美国加利福尼亚秃鹰濒临灭绝以及科研人员为挽救它们而展开的救援和研究工作，且实施的措施有了回报(pay off)，故选C项。

]
A
(2016·长沙四校模拟)
Eco-friendly Car Racer
Can you image a car racer is so eco­friendly that its tyres are made from potatoes，its body is created from hemp (大麻)and rapeseed oil and it runs on fuel made from wheat and sugar beet? The one-seater racing car called Eco One is built by experts from Warwick University，who hope that Eco One will be adopted by the automotive industry.It is sold at ￡41，000.
Pollution-sensitive Dress
Don't be caught outside unaware of pollution levels in the air.The pollution­sensitive EPA Dress by Stephanie Sandstrom notices pollution in the air accordingly.This dress—which is actually quite pretty—looks like you pull it from the bottom of the dirty laundry pile when the air is dirty.It might protect your health by advising you to stay indoors for the day，but it won't do you any favor if you're meeting with clients.
Eco-friendly Umbrella
Traditional umbrellas come with a fixed surface.Although it's changeable，you cannot replace it easily.This eco­friendly design is more flexible.It's actually only an umbrella skeleton without any surface，which can be folded，so you can put anything such as newspapers，plastic bags or whatever you want to serve as the protecting surface.
Eco-friendly Moss (苔藓) Carpet
It's said that walking on fresh grass increases your blood circulation.The Moss Carpet，created by Nguyen La Chanh，looks at getting the grass to your feet.The mat includes ball moss，island moss and forest moss.The humidity(湿度) of the bathroom makes sure that it grows well.And that's why you need to place it there and not anywhere else.
本文是一篇应用文。

主要介绍了四款环保型科技产品。

1．According to Paragraph 1，we can find Eco One ．
A．can seat one passenger and one driver
B．is mainly made from some kinds of plants
C．can't be afforded by the public at present
D．will take the place of the traditional car industry
B[推理判断题。

根据第一段的第一句可知，Eco One是主要由植物制成的环保型产品，故选B。

]
2．Compared with traditional umbrellas, the Ecofriendly Umbrella ．A．is changeable
B．can be folded
C．hasn't any surface
D．is made of newspapers
C[细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“Traditional umbrellas...It's actually only an umbrella skeleton without any surface，which can be folded”可知答案。

] 3．Where does the text probably come from?
A．A personal blog.
B．A health report.
C．An official document.
D．A science report.
D[推理判断题。

文中主要介绍了四款环保型科技产品，故可推知其最有可能摘自科技报告。

]
B
(2016·合肥市第二次教学质检)
I don't think I can recall a time when I wasn't aware of the beauty of the ocean.Growing up in Australia，I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side.The first time I went to Halfmoon Bay，I suddenly had the feeling of not being able to feel the ground with my feet anymore.
For my 10th birthday，my sister and I were taken out to the Great Barrier Reef.There were fish in different colors，caves and layers of coral.They made such an
impression on me.When I learned that only 1 percent of Australia's Coral Sea was protected，I was shocked.Australian marine(海洋的) life is particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on earth.But sadly，only 45% of the world's reefs are considered healthy.
This statistic is depressing，so it's important for us to do everything to protect them.The hope that the Coral Sea remains a complete ecosystem has led me to take action.I've become involved with the Protect Our Coral Sea activity，which aims to create the largest marine park in the world.It would serve as a place where the ocean's species will all have a safe place forever.
Together，Angus and I created a little video and we hope it will inspire people to be part of the movement.Angus also shares many beautiful childhood memories of the ocean as a young boy，who grew up sailing，admiring the beauty of the ocean，and trying to find the secrets of ocean species.
本文旨在号召人们保护海洋生物。

4．From the underlined sentence in Para.1，we can learn the author ．A．seldom went surfing at the sea
B．forgot his experiences about the ocean
C．never went back to his hometown
D．had a wonderful impression of Halfmoon Bay
D[推理判断题。

根据“I don't think I can recall a time when I wasn't aware of the beauty of the ocean”和“I had the good fortune of having the sea at my side”可知，作者非常喜欢海洋，画线句意为“我突然有了一种不想再踏上陆地的感觉”，说明Halfmoon Bay给作者留下了一个美好的印象。

故选D。

]
5．According to the second paragraph，Australian marine life ．
A．is escaping from the Coral Sea gradually
B．depends on reefs for living greatly
C．may be faced with danger
D．is protected better than that in other oceans
C[推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“Australian marine(海洋的)life is
particularly important because the reefs have more marine species than any other country on earth.But sadly，only 45% of the world's reefs are considered healthy.”可推知，澳大利亚的海洋生物可能处在危险之中。

故选C。

]
6．Angus and the author create a little video to ．
A．urge more people to take action to protect the marine species B．inspire more people to explore the secret of the ocean
C．share their childhood experiences about the ocean
D．bring back to people their memory of ocean species
A[细节理解题。

根据最后一段的第一句可知，他们的目的是鼓励人们参与到保护海洋生物的行动中来。

故选A。

]
C
(2016·沈阳市教学质量检测)
In 2013 alone at least 20，000 African elephants were killed for their teeth.In South Africa over the last two years more than 2，200 rhinos were killed for their horns.These numbers are alarming，because current rates of illegal hunting are faster than birth rates，which could lead to extinction of these ecologically important creatures in the environment.Indeed，some elephant and rhino populations are on track to be locally extinct within the next decade.
If you are reading this，you may already be aware of these facts.But you might not know that wildlife trafficking(非法交易) not only threatens the existence of elephants and rhinos but is also leading to extinction of other species，such as tigers，tortoises，sea turtles，and the world's most trafficked mammal (哺乳动物)—pangolins(穿山甲)．
Pangolins are the only mammals that are entirely covered in tough scales(鳞)，which makes them look very strong.But actually they are endangered mammals.There are eight different species of pangolins，four in Asia and four in Africa，and all are threatened with extinction.Although pangolins are protected throughout most of the countries where they live，high demand in East Asia，where the delicious pangolin meat is considered a delicacy and where their scales are used in traditional
medicines，is driving an illegal trade in both live animals and pangolin parts.The number of pangolin trafficking is shocking.Experts believe that over the last 10 years more than 1 million pangolins were taken from the wild.It is estimated that between 40，000 and 81，250 pangolins were killed for the illegal trade in 2013 alone.
In February，the United States released a plan to deal with wildlife trafficking，which lays out the steps we will take to fight the illegal trade in wildlife，including pangolins.We are strengthening the carrying out of the plan; building international cooperation and contribution to protect wildlife; raising awareness to drive down the demand that is fuelling the illegal trade.
Get involved and remember World Wildlife Day (March 3 )by spreading the e social media and tell everyone that now it is time to get serious about wildlife crime and end the demand that threatens species，big and small，from the huge elephant to the shy pangolin.
由于人们的捕猎，一些物种濒临灭绝。

本文号召人们行动起来，保护濒危物种。

7．How many endangered creatures are mentioned in the passage?
A．4.B．5.
C．6. D．7.
C[细节理解题。

根据第一、二段可知，文章提到了大象、犀牛、老虎、陆龟、海龟、穿山甲六种濒临灭绝的动物。

故选C项。

]
8．Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?
A．Eight species of pangolins live on the same continent.
B．Pangolins are not protected in most of their natural habitats.
C．The scales of pangolins can be used as an ingredient for cooking.
D．High demand contributes to the illegal trade of pangolins in East Asia.
D[正误判断题。

根据第三段中的“high demand in East Asia...is driving an illegal trade in both live animals and pangolin parts”可知，高需求导致了东亚穿山甲非法交易的发生，即D项正确。

]
9．What can we know about the plan released by the US?
A．Social media will be used to spread World Wildlife Day.
B．Whether the plan will be worked out remains to be seen.
C．The US will work together with other countries to protect wildlife.
D．More and more people are advised to increase their needs of pangolins.
C[推理判断题。

根据文章倒数第二段中的“We are strengthening the carrying out of the plan；building international cooperation and contribution to protect wildlife；raising awareness to drive down the demand that is fuelling the illegal trade.”可知，美国将联合其他国家保护野生动物，即C项正确。

] 10．What is the author's intention of writing the passage?
A．To inform us something about World Wildlife Day.
B．To raise awareness of protecting endangered wildlife.
C．To explain why pangolins are illegally traded in East Asia.
D．To show how the United States is to fight the illegal trade in wildlife.
B[目的意图题。

根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是增强人们保护濒危物种的意识，即B项正确。

]
【导学号：85602019】。