专题01必修3重点词汇(讲解部分)20172018学年高一英语下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题含解析

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2017-2018 学年高一下学期期末考试备考满分冲刺专题
专题一 必修 1 重点词汇 讲解部分 要点一:tae place 1. (2017·北京改编) We now that, while awae, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强)
connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that ___________(发生) while we sleep have been unclear. 2. (2017·新课全国卷 III 改编) Where does the conversation probably___________(发生)? 【参考答案】 1. tae place 2. tae place 【易错点津】 tae place 是不及物动词短语,没有被动语态,不用于进行时态。

【知识讲解】
tae the place of (动词短语)代替/取代 in place of (介词短语)代替;交换 in place 放在合适的位置;适合的,恰当的 out of place 不在合适的位置;不适当的 in the first place (列举理由)首先,第一点 in one’s place 处于某人的位置,为某人设身处地想一想 tae sb’s place / tae the place of sb 代替某人的职务,取代某人
【易混辨析】tae place / happen / occur / come about / brea out
这几个词/短语均可以表示"发生",但是用法有区别。


tae place
往表示"发生、举行、举办",一般指非偶然性事件的"发生",即这种事件的发生一 定有某种原因或事先的安排。


happen
作"发生、碰巧发生"解,一般用于偶然或突发性事件。


occur
作"发生、想到、突然想起"解,其意义相当于 happen。


come
表示"发生、产生",多指事情已经发生了,但还不知道为什么,常用于疑问句和否定
about
句。


brea out
意思为"发生、爆发",常指战争、灾难、疾病、火灾或者争吵等事件的发生,也可以


表示突然大声叫喊等。


要点二:award
(2017·新课标全国卷 II 改编) Before the school year ended, I gave the ids a special gift, T-shirts
with the words "Verbs Are Your __ __" on them. I had advised the ids that while verb(s 动
词)may seem dull, most of the fun things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.
A. Friends
B. Awards
C. Masters
D.
Tass
【参考答案】A
【知识讲解】
1. award n. 奖,奖品;vt. 授予;判定 award sb. sth./award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物 be awarded for...因……而得奖 win/receive/get an award for...因……而获奖
2. reward n. 报酬,报答 vt. 报答;酬谢 as a reward for/in reward for 作为……的报酬/奖赏 give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 因某事而报答某人 reward sb. for sth. 因某事奖赏某人 reward sb. with sth. 用某物作为某人的回报
【易混辨析】award/reward/prie
易混
含义
用法

award 奖品,奖
多指对于优异成绩或卓越贡献经评定后正式授予的奖励,强调
荣誉,而不在乎奖品的大小或奖金的多少。


rewar 报答,报偿; 多指对某人的工作或服务等的奖励,尤指以金钱等形式的奖赏。


d
奖赏
prie
奖赏,奖金, 多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所赢得的奖。

这种奖有的凭能
奖品
力获得,有的凭运气获得。


要点三:loo forward to


(2017·新课全国卷 III 改编) She loos lie any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is ___________(盼望) the challenge of her new A-level course. 【参考答案】looing forward to 【拓展延伸】
"动词(短语)+介词 to"构成的短语: get down to 开始认真干 pay attention to 注意 devote oneself to 献身;致力于 be used/accustomed to 习惯于 be addicted to 沉溺于 lead to 导致 adjust/adapt to 适应 object to/be opposed to 反对 contribute to 促成;是……成因之一 【巧学妙记】图记 loo 短语
要点四:turn up
(2017·江苏改编)For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all. In his first years
of high school, Gabriel would loo pityingly at music students, struggling across the campus
with their heavy instrument cases,
at school for practice hours before anyone
else had to be there.
A. rising up
B. coming up
C. driving up
D.
turning up
【参考答案】D


【特别提醒】 turn up 除了表示"出现,到场"外,还有"开大一点;找到;朝上翻"等意思。

☛I can’t hear the music. Please turn the radio up. 我听不到音乐,请把收音机开大点。

☛I’m sure your watch will turn up one of these days. 我担保你的手表准有一天能找到。

☛He turned up his coat collar against the chill wind. 他竖起了大衣的领子抵御寒风。

【知识讲解】
turn in 上交;获得 turn to 转向,求助于 turn around 转过身 turn into 变成 turn over 翻转,翻过 turn bac 折回,往回走 turn out 结果是,证明是;生产,制造;出席 turn off 关上;(使)失去兴趣 turn down 拒绝;关小 turn on 打开;突然攻击 turn up 出现;到场
要点五:lie (2015·湖北改编)There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage _____________ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.(lie) 毫无疑问,这位候选人的优势在于他具有和外国人用英语交流的能力。

【参考答案】lies in 【知识讲解】 lie (1)n. 谎言;谎话
tell a lie/lies to sb. 向某人说谎


a white lie 一个善意的谎言 (2) vi. 说谎;躺;位于;坐落在 lie to sb. 向某人说谎 lie down 躺下 lie in 在于 lie in/on/to 位于 lie in/on 躺在
【易混辨析】lie/lie/lay
动词原
意义
过去式
过去分词
现在分词

lie
说谎;坐落于;位
lied
lied
lying
于(vi.)
lie
躺;卧(vi.)
lay
lain
lying
lay
放置;产卵(vt.)
laid
laid
laying
要点六:scene
1. (2017·新课标全国卷 III 改编) This attractive tour taes you to some of San Francis’s most
cheerful holiday ___________(scene).
2. (2017·新课标全国卷 III 改编) It was ____________ scene that had been repeated many times in
the theater’s 75-year history.
【参考答案】
1. scenes
2. a
【知识讲解】
scene n. (戏剧)一场;场面;现场;景色 on the scene 在现场,当场 behind the scenes 在幕后;在后台 appear/come on the scene 到场,出现 set the scene 提供条件
【易混辨析】view /scene/scenery/sight


view
多指从远处或高处等某个角度所看见的"景物,景致"。


scene 除表示"景物,景致"外,还有"场面"之意,大多包括人及人的活动在内。


scene 指一个地区全部的自然景色,如高山、森林、溪谷等,尤指美丽的乡间景色,是不
ry
可数名词。


sight
指人们游览、观光的风景,特别值得一看的景物,也可指"情景,景象,视力"。


既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观,又可以指名胜、风景,只是在表示后者的含义时,
必须要用复数。


【巧学妙记】巧记不同的"风景":
view
scene
scenery
sight
要点七:permit 1. (2017 · 新 课 标 全 国 卷 II 改 编 ) The government has already permitted the company
_____________(use) special materials to mae it easier for the vehicle to fly. 2. (2015·天津)With the eception of using a small microwave oven(微波炉) to heat food, students
are not permitted _____________ (coo) in their rooms. 【参考答案】 1. to use 2. to coo 【知识讲解】
1. permit (1)vt. & vi. 允许,准许,许可。

常见用法: permit doing sth. 允许做某事 permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 permit sb. sth. 允许某人某事 (2)n. 许可证;执照;通行证。

常见用法: have got a permit 有……的许可证


a driver’s/driving permit 驾驶执照 an entry permit 入境证 2. permission n. 允许,准许,许可 as sb. for permission=as permission from sb. 请求某人许可 with/without one’s permission=with/without the permission of sb. 在/不在某人的允许下
要点八:manner (2014·浙江改编)The Swiss follow formal table ____________(礼仪). 【参考答案】manners 【知识讲解】
manner n. 方式;举止,(pl.)礼貌。

常见用法: in a manner 在一定程度上 in a(n)...manner 以……的方式 bad/good manners 没有/有礼貌
【特别提醒】
当 manner 意为"方式,方法;举止;态度"时常用单数形式;当它意为"礼貌,礼仪;习
俗"时常用复数形式。


【易混辨析】method/manner/way/means
method 可数名词,其后接"of+动名词",不接不定式;特指有系统的方法、方式。


manner 通常用单数形式,其后可以接"of+动名词"。

主要表示个人喜欢采用的方式,
而且 manner 不用于表示传统或习俗所形成的方式、方法。


way
可数名词,最通用,可以用代替前面的任何一个词,其后可以接 to do…,也可
以接"of+动名词"。


means
单复数形式相同,当该词前加 a,this,that,every 等时,为单数;当其前加 such,
these,those,all 等时,为复数。

means 多指抽象的或概括性的方法。


【特别提醒】
这几个词均表示"方式,方法"。

表示"用这种方法"可以用以下短语:in this way,with this
method,by this means,in this manner。


要点九:in time
1. (2017·北京改编) The first magaine with your gift message will arrive in time ___________ the
special day.


2. (2017·新课标全国卷 III 改编) This tour transports you bac _____________(及时) to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s!
3. (2017·新课标全国卷 III 改编) Do you want to get up _____________(及时) to have breafast with your family, get in some eercise, or just be better prepared for your day?
【参考答案】 1. for 2. in time 3. in time 【知识讲解】
on time 准时,按时 in time 及时;终于 in no time 立即,马上 at no time 绝不(放在句首时,句子须倒装) at a time 一次;每次 at one time 曾经,一度 at times 有时 for the time being 暂时 tae one’s time 别着急;慢慢 against time 争分夺秒地,尽快地 in time for sth./to do sth. 做某事及时/得及做某事
要点十:eist (2017·北京改编)A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things a wish to preserve its own ____________(eist). 【参考答案】eistence 【知识讲解】 1. eist vi. 存在;生存
eist on (=live on) 靠……为生 eist as 作为……而存在;以……形态存在 eist in(=lie in) 存在于……之中


There eist(s)... 有/存在…… 【特别提醒】 eist 是不及物动词,没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。

2. eistence n. 存在
in eistence 现存的,现有的 come into eistence 产生;成立;开始存在 bring into eistence 使发生;使产生 3. eisting adj. 目前的,现存的
要点十一:prevent…from
1. (2017·新课标全国卷 III 改编)It can prevent us _____________ getting shortsighted and it can
eep us physically healthy.
【参考答案】from
2. (2014·江苏改编) During this period Dale was slowly developing an inferiority comple (自卑感),
which his mother new could
him from achieving his real potential.
A. prevent
B. protect
C. save
D. free
【参考答案】A
【知识讲解】
1. prevent…from 阻止,制止 prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. "防止某人/物做某事" ※其中的 from 可省略。

但如果在被动语态中,from 不可省略。


☛Nothing can prevent him from woring. 什么事也阻止不了他工作。

☛What can we do to prevent this accident (from) happening? 我们能做些什么阻止事故的发生呢? 2. 近义短语:
eep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事


stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 protect sb. from (doing) sth. 保护某人不受……伤害 ☛I tried to eep him from waiting for her. 我试图叫他不要再等她了。

☛What stopped him from coming here? 是什么阻止他这里的呢? ☛The farmers protect wheat from heavy rain with rain clothes. 农民们用雨布遮住小麦,以防被大雨浇坏。


【特别提醒】 1. 在主动语态中,stop 和 prevent 的搭配中可省去 from;而 eep...from doing sth. 中的 from 不可省略,eep sb. doing sth. 意为"使某人一直做某事"。

2. 在被动语态里,这三个搭配中的 from 均不可省略。

要点十二:brea out 1. (2017·北京改编) When some refuse vaccination and see a free ride, immunity __________(崩溃)
and everyone is in even bigger danger. 2. (2017·江苏改编) __________(解散) firms lie Google into five small ones would not stop
remaing themselves in time, one of them would become great again. 3. (2017·江苏改编) Russia is another country with population problems that could __________(破
坏) its economic promise. 【参考答案】 1. breas down 2. Breaing up 3. brea 【知识讲解】
brea out 突发;爆发 brea away from 脱离(政党等);打破(陈套等) brea down 出故障,抛锚;(计划等)失败;(身体、精神等)垮掉;打倒,砸破;(化合物等)分解 brea in 破门而入;闯入;打断(话语等) brea into 破门而入,突然……起


brea off 折断;突然中止,断绝,结束
brea through 突破
brea up 打碎,拆散;散开,解散;(学校)期末放假,(集会)结束
brea into pieces 成为碎片
【特别注意】
brea out 强调战争、疾病、火灾等的突然爆发,一般不用于被动语态。

【语境助记】
1. (2017•浙江改编)Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times mae it more
difficult for natives to eep jobs, such ____________(措施) will become more a vehicle for
intolerance than integration(融合).
2. (2017•天津改编)eep the tone _____________(测量) don ’t handle it too lightly, as people can be
offended, especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e. incorrect
ordering of Chinese names). 3. (2017•北京改编)Tononi ’s team _____________(测量) the sie of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. 【参考答案】 1. measures 2. measured 3. measured 【知识讲解】
1. measure (1)vt . & vi . 测量;衡量;判定。

常见用法:
measure …against … 以……量……;比较……
measure …by … 用……衡量……
(2) n . 计量制;计量单位;措施。

常见用法:
tae measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事
beyond measure 非常;极其 made to measure 量身定做的(衣服等) 2. measurement n. 尺寸;度量;(衡)量 measured adj. 量过的;慎重的 measurable adj. 可测量的
【特别提醒】
1. measure 作"措施"解时,常用其复数形式。

2. measure 表示"有……长(宽、高等时)",可看成系动词,后跟量的结果,不用被动语态及进行时态。

3. measure 作及物动词时,其后接人或物,意为"量……";作不及物动词时,其后一般接尺寸、面积等,意为"尺寸/面积是……"。

要点十四:manage to do
1. (2017•新课标全国卷III 改编)Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and ___________(manage) the wolf pacs in Yellowstone.
2. (2017•新课标全国卷II)Later, engineers ____________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became nown to the tube.
【参考答案】
1. manages
2. managed
【拓展延伸】 manage sth. 经营/管理某事物 manage with …用……对付过去 manage it 能做到 manager n . 经理;管理人员;经济人 management n . 管理;经营手段;管理部门
【易混辨析】manage to do /try to do/try doing
1. (2017•浙江改编)He was ___________(impress) with Benjamin ’s drawings.
2. (2017•浙江改编)Williams was impressed ___________ Benjamin and gave him two classic boos on painting to tae home.
【参考答案】
1. impressed
2. with
【知识讲解】
1. impress vt . 使印象深刻;使铭记
impress sb. with … 使某人钦佩……;给某人留下深刻印象
be impressed with/by/at 对……留下深刻印象
impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人铭记某事
it impresses sb. that … 令人佩服的是……
2. impression n. 印象;感想
mae/leave/give an impression on/upon sb.(给某人)留下好印象
mae/give/create an impression on/upon … 给……制造一种印象
have/get the impression that … 有……的印象
under the impression that … 有……的印象
3. impressive adj. 感人的;给人以深刻印象的
☛When it comes to job interview, first impression is important.
当谈及求职面试时,第一印象很重要。

☛Her elegant appearance made an impression on all the guests from different countries.
她优雅的外表给自各国的客人们留下了深刻印象。

【巧学妙记】。

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