新教材人教版英语选择性必修第一册Unit 5 Working The Land重点单词短语句式详解

Unit 5Working The Land
重点单词
1 devote v.献身；致力；专心
典型例句
He devoted himself to writing.
他专心写作。

He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.
他把一生都致力于造福人类。

思维拓展
(1)devote time/effort/money...to... 为……付出时间/努力/金钱
devote oneself to...献身于……；专心致力于……
devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
devotion n．挚爱；关爱；关照；奉献
(2)表示“专心于，全神贯注于”的短语还有：be absorbed in, be lost in, be buried in, be occupied in, focus on, concentrate on, fix one's attention on
He is devoted to his career and his devotion to protecting environment has won our respect.
他对事业很忠诚并且他对保护环境的献身赢得了我们的尊敬。

2 shortage n.不足；缺少；短缺
典型例句
There is no shortage of (＝There are plenty of) things to do in the town.
城里不愁找不到活儿干。

思维拓展
food/housing/water shortages 食物/ 住房/ 用水短缺
a shortage of funds 资金不足
short adj.不足的；缺少的；短缺的
fall short of sth.未达到；不符合
be short of缺乏，短缺
in short总之；简言之
3 yield
典型例句
(1)vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)
The research has yielded useful information.
这项研究提供了有用的资料。

(2)vi.屈服；让步
After a long siege, the town was forced to yield.
经过长时间的包围，这座孤城被迫投降。

(3)vi.放弃；缴出
He refused to yield up his gun.
他拒绝缴枪。

(4)n.[C，U] 产量；产出；利润
This will give a yield of 10% on your investment.
这会给你的投资带来10%的利润。

思维拓展
yield (to sth./sb.) 屈服；让步
yield sth./sb. (up) (to sb.) 放弃；缴出
yield to sth.被……替代；为……所取代
a high crop yield 作物丰收
a reduction in milk yield 牛奶产量的降低
4 convince vt. 使确信，使相信
典型例句
It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt.
花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪。

We convinced Anny to go by train rather than by plane.
我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。

思维拓展
convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
convince sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事
be convinced of sth.相信某事
be convinced that相信某事
convincing adj.令人信服的
助记：con-(＝thoroughly，完全地)＋vinc(＝conquer，征服)＋e→完全征服对方→使信服
易混辨析
convince/persuade
他们说服我们去/不去参加那次聚会。

We couldn't convince him of his mistake.
我们无法使他明白他的错。

5 attain vt.(经过努力)获得；得到；达到(年龄、水平、状况等)
典型例句
He attained success through hard work.
他通过努力取得了成功。

The cheetah can attain speeds of up to 97 kph.
猎豹的奔跑速度可达97千米/时。

思维拓展
attainable adj.可获得的；可达到的
attainment n．达到；成就
6 conventional adj.常规的；传统的；保守的
典型例句
Internet connections through conventional phone lines are fairly slow.
通过传统的电话线连接的因特网速度有点儿慢。

7 assumption n.假定；设想；承担；担任
典型例句
His assumption proved to be correct.
他的假设被证明是对的。

思维拓展
make an assumption 假设；认为
on the assumption that...在假定……的情况下
assume vt.假定；设想；承担
assume that...假设……
assume office 就职
assume responsibility 承担责任
assume an air/expression of...装出……的样子/表情
assuming that...假定……(作连词用，相当于if)
We are working on the assumption that the rate of inflation will not increase next year.
我们在假定明年通货膨胀率不增加的情况下工作。

Assuming that it rains, what should we do?
假定下雨了，我们该怎么办？
8 overcome vt.&vi.战胜；克服；控制感情
典型例句
He struggled to overcome his shyness.
他努力克服自己的羞怯。

思维拓展
be overcome with被(感情)所控制，受到情绪的极大影响
Bill was overcome with grief.
比尔悲痛欲绝。

易混辨析
overcome，beat，defeat，win
overcome 强调克服困难、障碍等。

beat 常指(在比赛或竞争中)赢(某人)。

beat，defeat后均跟表示人的名词，如
比赛、战斗的对手；另外，二者常可互defeat 侧重指在战场上打败敌人。

换，但defeat更正式。

win 后跟表示物的名词，比如比赛、战斗、奖金、奖品、金钱等。

他下棋赢了我。

He defeated the champion in three sets.
他三盘击败了冠军。

France won by six goals to two against Denmark.
法国队以六比二战胜丹麦队。

9 expand vt.&vi.使变大；伸展
典型例句
He is thinking of expanding his business.
他正考虑扩张他的生意。

Metals expand when they are heated.
金属受热会膨胀。

We have plans to expand the business into the USA market.
我们计划把业务扩展到美国市场。

思维拓展
expand (...) into(把……)扩展到
expand on/upon详述；充分叙述
10 comprise
典型例句
(1)vt.包括；包含；由……组成(不用于进行时)
The collection comprises 327 paintings.
这部画册收有327幅画。

The committee is comprised of representatives from both the public and private sectors.
委员会由政府和私人部门的双方代表组成。

(2)vt.是(某事物的)组成部分；组成；构成
Older people comprise a large proportion of those living in poverty.
在那些生活贫困的人中，老年人占有很大的比例。

思维拓展
be comprised of ＝consist of 由……组成
comprise＝make sth. up
11 generate vt.产生；引起
典型例句
We need someone to generate new ideas.
我们需要有人出新主意。

思维拓展
generate electricity/heat/power 发电/产生热/ 动力
generate income/profit 产生收益/ 利润
generation [U] (尤指电、热等的)产生[C＋sing./pl.v.] (统称)一代人，同代人，同辈人；代，一代，一辈
the generation of electricity 发电
methods of income generation 产生收益的方法
stories passed down from generation to generation 世代相传的故事
generator n. 发电机
12 urban adj. 城市的；市镇的
典型例句
We live in urban areas with our children.。