(完整word版)复旦大学博士研究生入学考试试题及答案详解

复旦大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题
Part Ⅰ
（略）
Part Ⅱ
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the
21. She
A. missed
B. budgeted
C. loathed
22. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about the
A. intangible
B. sedate
C. impudent
23. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting laws to protect the
A. rigorous
B. equivocal
C. stringent
24. People who like to wear red clothes are more likely to be talkative and
A. lucrative
B. introverted
C. vivacious
25. This is but a of the total amount
A. friction
B. fraction
C. faction
26. They were tired, but not any less enthusiastic
A. on
B. by
C. for
27. I think it is high time we the fact that environmental pollution in this area is
A. woke up to
B. must wake up to
C. wake up to
28. So was the mood of the meeting that an agreement was s
A. resentful
B. amiable
C. suffocating
29. Rescue workers continued the delicate task of sifting through tons of concrete and
A. scraps
B. leftovers
C. debris
30. When she
A. came to
B. came off
C. came through
31. The shortage of water became more this summer with the highest temperatures in 40 yea
A. needy
B. latent
C. uneasy
32. They tried to drive their horse into the river, but he simply could
A. budge
B. surge
C. trudge
33. Even the best medical treatment can not cure all the diseases that men and
A. beseech
B. beset
C. bewitch
34. The boy's talent might have lain had it not been for his uncle's
A. extinguished
B. dormant
C. malignant
D.
35. The two leaders made a show of unity at the press conference, though they had notably
A. discontinuous
B. discreet
C. discordant
36. Jack admitted that he ought not to have made his mother angry,
A. oughtn't he
B. wasn't he
C. didn't he
37. An old woman was badly hurt in the police describe as an apparently motiveless
A. that
B. which
C. what
38. As the city has become increasingly and polluted, there has been a growing
A. flourished
B. boosted
C. congested
39. The taxi in front of a girl, just in time to avoid
A. turned in
B. pulled up
C. cleared up
40. The doctor told him to be careful when taking sleeping pills because too many
A. lethal
B. vital
C. wholesome
D. sanitary
Part Ⅲ
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this pall. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line
For my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly to start learning Arabic. I have never been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more than a smattering of phrases in any tongue other than French, and even my French, was laborious for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the notoriously difficult languages at the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting a little too much of a curiously unreceptive part of myself, yet the possibility that I might gain access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this means was enormou
I enrolled as a pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by a Mr Beheit, of dapper appearance and explosive temperament, who assured me that after three months of his special treatment I would speak Arabic fluently. Whereupon he drew from his desk a postcard which an old pupil had sent him from somewhere in the Middle East, expressing great gratitude and reporting the astonishment of local Arabs that he could converse with them like a native. It was written in English. Mr Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French, and through the thin, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation at some confused entrepreneur:“Non, M. Jones. Jane suis pas francais. Pas, Pas, Pas!” (No Mr. Jones, I'm NOT French, I'm not, not, NOT!). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name was
For a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events in the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across the wall of the building opposite. In between, bearing in mind the particular interest I had in acquiring Arabic, I would inquire the way to some imaginary oasis, anxiously demand fodder and water for my camels,
wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all hard going.
I frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, though Ahmed assured me that my pronunciation was above average for a Westemer. This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for there are a couple of Arabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for ages. There were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely employed in English. And for me the problem was increased by the need to assimilate a vocabulary, that would vary from place to place across five essentially Arabic-speaking countries that practiced vernaculars of their own: so that the word for “people”, for instance, might be nais,
Each day I was mentally exhausted by the strain of a morning in school, followed by an afternoon struggling at home with a tape recorder. Yet there was relief in the most elementary forms of understanding and progress. When merely got the drift of a torrent which Ahmed had just released, I was childishly elated. When I managed to roll a complete sentence off my tongue without apparently thinking what I was saying, and it came out right, I beamed like an idiot. And the enjoyment of reading and writing the flowing Arabic script was something that did not leave me once I had mastered it. By the end of June, no-one could have described me as anything like a fluent speaker of Arabic. I was approximately in the position of a fifteen-year old who, equipped with a modicum of schoolroom French, nervously awaits his first trip to Paris. But this was something I could reprove upon in my own time. I bade farewell to Mr Beheit, still struggling to
B. He was vol
42. It is known from the passage that the writer
B. couldn't mak
43. It can be inferred from the passage that Ahmed was
C. a
44. The word “modicum” in the last paragraph can be replaced by
45. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the
C. The writer found learning Arabic was a grueling experience but rew
D. The writer regarded Ahmed's praise of his pronunciation as tongue-in-
It is one of the world's most recognized phrases, one you might even heat in places where little English is spoken:‘The name's Bond, James Bond.’ I've heard it from a taxi driver in Ghana and a street sweeper in Paris, and I remember the thrill of hearing Sean Connery say it in the first Bond film I saw, Goldfinger. I was a Chicago schoolgirl when it was released in 1904. The image of a candy-colored London filled with witty people, stately old buildings and a gorgeous, ice-cool
When Ian Fleming created the man with the license to kill, based on his own experiences while working for the British secret service in World War Ⅱ, he couldn't have imagined that his fictional Englishman would not only shake, but stir the entire world. Even world-weary actors are thrilled at being in a Bond movie. Christopher Walken, everyone's favorite screen psycho, who p layed mad genius Max Zorin in 1985's A View to a Kill, gushed:‘I remember first seeing DJ' No when I was 15. I remember Robert Shaw trying to strangle James Bond in From Russia with Love.
Bond is the complete entertainment package: he has hot——and cold——running women on tap, dastardly villains bent on complete world domination, and America always plays second string to cool, sophisticated Britain. Bond's England only really existed in the adventures of Bulldog Drummond, the wartime speeches of Winston Churchill and the songs of Dame Vela
When Fleming started to write his spy stories, the world knew that, while Britain was victorious in the war against Hitler, it was depleted as a result. London was bombed out, a dark
It was America that was producing such universal icons as Gary Cooper's cowboy in High Noon (‘A man's got to do what a man's got to do’); the one-man revolution that was Elvis Presley; Marilyn Monroe, the walking, male fantasy married to Joe DiMaggio, then the most famous athlete in the world. Against this reality, Fleming had the nerve and arrogance to say that, while hot dogs and popcorn were fine, other things were more i
And those things were uniquely British: quiet competence, unsentimental ruthlessness, clear-eyed, steely determination, an ironic sense of humor and doing a job well. All qualities
Of course, Bond was always more fairytale than fact, but what else is a film for? No expense is spared in production, the lead is suave and handsome, and the hardware is always awesome. In the latest film, the gadgets include a surfboard with concealed weapons, a combat knife with global positioning system beacon, a watch that doubles as a laser-beam cutter, an Aston Martin V12 Vanquish with all the optional extras you've come to expect, a personal jet glider... the list is
There are those who are disgusted by the Bond films' unbridled glorification of the evils of
46. According to the passage each production of a Bond film is
D. difficult to fin
48. It is known from the passage that post-war Britain as
49. Judging by the context, the word “stately” in the first paragraph means
50.
A. When Ian Fleming created James Bond, he believed that his fictional Englishman would shake the entire world.
C. Ian Fleming began to write his spy stories before world war Ⅱ
The current political debate over family values, personal responsibility, and welfare takes for granted the entrenched American belief that dependence on government assistance is a recent and destructive phenomenon. Conservatives tend to blame this dependence on personal irresponsibility aggravated by a swollen selfare apparatus that saps individual initiative. Liberals are more likely to blame it on personal misfortune magnified by the harsh lot that falls to losers in our competitive market economy. But both sides believe that “winners” in America make it on their own that dependence reflects some kind of individual or family failure, and that the ideal family is the self-reliant unit of traditional lore——a family that takes care of its own, carves out a future for its children, and never asks for handouts. Politicians at both ends of the ideological spectrum have wrapped themselves in the mantle of these “family values,” arguing over why the poor have not been able to make do without assistance, or whether aid has exacerbated their situation, but never questioning the assumption that American families traditionally achieve success by establishing the
The myth of family self-reliance is so compelling that our actual national and personal histories often buckle under its emotional weight. “We always stood on our own two feet,” my grandfather used to say about his pioneer heritage, whenever he walked me to the top of the hill to survey the property in Washington State that his family had bought for next to nothing after it had been logged off in the early 1900s. Perhaps he didn't know that the land came so cheap because much of it was part of a federal subsidy originally allotted to the railroad companies, which had received 183 million acres of the public domain in the nineteenth century. These federal giveaways were the original source of most major weatem logging companies' land, and when some of these logging companies moved on to virgin stands of timber, federal lands trickled down
Like my grandparents, few families in American history——whatever their “values”——have been able to rely solely on their own resources. Instead, they have depended on the legislative, judicial and social-support structures set up by governing authorities, whether those
were the clan elders of Native American societies, the church courts and city officials of colonial
At America's inception, this was considered not a dirty little secret but the norm, one that confirmed our social and personal interdependence. The idea that the family should have the sole or even primary responsibility for educating and socializing its members, finding them suitable work, or keeping them from poverty and crime was not only ludicrous to colonial and revolutionar
51. Conservatives believe that welfare services have played a certain role in
B. reducing individual or family dependence on government
52. It can be concluded that the writer's grandfather's family purchased their land
A
53. It can be inferred from the passage that in early America
B
54. The word “parochial” in the last paragraph means
C. i
55. The writer's attitude toward the idea of American family values is
One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is the voice of the advertisers. Its strident clamour dominates our lives. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; plucks at our sleeves on the escalator; signals to us from the successful man as a man no less than 20% of whose mail consists
Advertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war, in terms of the ratio of money earnings to demonstrable achievement. Why all this fantastic expenditure Perhaps the answer is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer. At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer——appeal to all his other problems of man——hours and machine tolerances and stress factors, So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it, by pretending that it confers status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness, if the advertising agency can to this
Other manufacturers find advertising saves them changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one which goes on unchanged for ever. If, therefore, for one
reason or another, some alteration seems called for——how much better to change the image, the packet or tile pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the
The advertising man has to comibine the qualities of the three most authoritative professions: Church, Bar, and Medicine. The great skill required of our priests, most highly developed in missionaries but present, indeed mandatory, in all, is the kill of getting people to believe in and contribute money to something which can never be logically proved. At the Bar, an essential ability is that of presenting the most persuasive case you can to a jury of ordinary people, with emotional appeals masquerading as logical exposition; a case you do not necessarily have to believe in yourself, just one you have studiously avoided discovering to be false. As for medicine, any doctor will confirm that a large part of his job is not clinical treatment but faith healing. His apparently scientific approach enables his patients believe that he knows exactly what is wrong with them and exactly what they need to put them right, just as advertising does——“Run down? You need...”. “No one will dance with you? A dab of * * * * will m
Advertising men use statistics rather like a drunk uses a lamp-post-for support rather than illumination. They will dress anyone up in a white coat to appear like an unimpeachable authority or, failing that, they will even be happy with the announcement, “As used by 90% of the actors who play doctors on television.” Their engaging quality is that they enjoy having their latest ruses
56. It can be concluded from the passage that modern advertising is authoritative because of the way it
57. According to the passage, the advertising man must have the ability to
58. The word “unimpeachable” in the last paragraph can be replaced by
59. The following statements are TRUE except
A. Advertising men dress people up in white coats because it makes their advertisement more convincing.
B. Some manufacturers would rather change their product's appeal than change the product
D. If advertising agency does advertising authoritatively enough, the manufacturer will surely
60. It can be inferred from the passage that the advertisers' attitude is usually based on the hope that customers
C. are in
Part Ⅳ
Direction: Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage. Write your answer on Answer Sheet Ⅱ
A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts. It is
always much better to tell a story than read it __61__ of a book, and, if a parent can produce __62__ in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child, is an improvement on the
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistie impulses. To prove the __63__, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read rairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who had not. Aggressive, destructive, sadistic impulses every child has and, __64__ the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be Father a safety valve than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children __65__ dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds __67__ they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc., do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies __68__ fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people, I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case __69__ sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick __70__ covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girl-friend. No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane child has ever
Part Ⅴ
Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet Ⅱ
根据“十五”期间的形势和任务，“十五”计划《纲要》提出今后五年经济和社会发展的主要目标是：国民经济保持较快发展速度，经济结构战略性调整取得明显成效，经济增长质量和效益显著提高，为到2010年国内生产总值比2000年翻一番奠定坚实基础：国有企业建立现代企业制度取得重大进展，社会保障制度比较健全，社会主义市场经济体制逐步完善，对外开放和国际合作进一步开展；就业渠道拓宽，城乡居民收入持续增加，物质文化生活有较大改善，生态建设和环境保护得到加强，科技、教育加快发展，国民素质进一步提高，法制建设取得明显进展。

Part Ⅵ
Directions: Write a composition of about 180 words on the following topic. Your composition should be written on Answer Sheet Ⅱ
试题详解
Part Ⅰ
（略）
Part Ⅱ
21. D miss想念，思念；budget做预算；loathe厌恶，憎恨；relish喜欢，爱好。

22. D intangible无形的，难以明了的；sedate安静的，稳重的；impudent无礼的，厚颜无耻的；clandestine秘密的。

23. C rigorous严格的，严酷的；equivocal模棱两可的，意义不明确的；stringent严厉
的，迫切的；furtive偷偷摸摸的，秘密的。

24. C lucrative有利的，赚钱的；introverted内向的，含蓄的；vivacious活泼的，快活的；perilous危险的。

25. B friction摩擦力，摩擦；fraction一小部分；faction派系，派别；fracture破裂，骨折。

26. A 固定搭配on that account，意为“为此”。

27. A 固定用法it's high time that后面接虚拟语气，所以应用过去式。

28. B resentful愤慨的；amiable亲切的，和蔼的；suffocating令人窒息的；gloomy阴沉的，沉闷的。

29. C scrap小片，废料；leftover剩余物；debris碎片，残骸；residue残余，渣滓。

30. A come to苏醒；come off实现，成为；come through经历；come over过来。

31. D needy非常贫困的，缺乏生活必需品的；latent潜在的，潜伏的；uneasy心神不安的，不自在的；acute剧烈的，敏锐的。

32. A budge移动；surge彭湃，震荡；trudge跋涉；dredge挖掘，捞取。

33. B beseech恳求，哀求；beset困扰；bewitch迷惑，蛊惑；bestow给予，安放。

34. B extinguish熄灭，压制，消灭；dormant静止的，隐匿的；malignant恶性的；perishable 容易腐烂的，易毁灭的，易消亡的。

题目意思是如果没有他的叔叔的鼓励，他的才能很可能发挥不出来，归于平凡。

35. C discontinuous不连续的；discreet小心的，谨慎的；discordant不和的；disadvantageous不利的。

36. C 本题为反意疑问句，疑问的对象是Jack admitted，因此用“didn't he”。

37. C 本题也可以说成是“An old woman was badly hurt in an accident that the police describe as an apparently motiveless attack”。

因此，能代替an accident that的只有what。

38. C flourish繁荣；boost推进；congest拥挤；mingle混合。

39. B turn in上交；pull up停车；clear up整理，清除，放晴；drop in顺便走访。

40. A lethal致命的；vital生死攸关的；wholesome整体的；sanitary卫生的，清洁的。

Part Ⅲ
41. C 第二段提到，Mr Beheit经常向大家展示他从前的学生寄来的明信片，可知Mr Beheit对自己的教学是非常骄傲的，而非很谦虚。

42. B 第三段提到“there are a couple of Arabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for ages”，说明作者的一些阿拉伯语发音很有困难。

而A、C、D三项或是文中明确表达了相反的含义，或是没有提到。

43. B 第三段提到“we discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle,
the events in the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across the wall of the building opposite”，显然Ahmed和作者的谈话内容是非常无趣的，这也
可以从下一句，作者一边谈话一边想像很多别的东西反映出来。

44. D modicum少量，一点点；competence能力；excellence优秀，卓越；mimicry模
仿；smattering略知，少数。

45. A 后三项皆可在文中找到相应句子表达了相同的含义，而对于A选项，作者为了去阿拉伯而学阿拉伯语是非常愿意的，去阿拉伯是作者学习阿语的动力，而不是造成困难的原因。

46. C 文中倒数第二段刚开始表明每拍一部邦德电影，都极其奢侈，接着又描述最近
一部电影的不计其数的道具，可知其不仅造价高，而且费用在不断攀升，所以应选C。

47. D 在文中第六段，列举邦德具有“quiet competence, unsentim ental ruthlessness, cleareyed, steely determination, an ironic sense of humor and doing a job well”的特质，因此，选项A、B、C所述与这段文章相符。

D合题意（Which of the following is not typical of James Bond?）。

48. B 文章第四段有对战后英国情况的描写，知英国被炸，成为了黑暗而邋遢的城市，即选B，疲惫而肮脏的。

49. C stately的意思是“庄严的，堂皇的”。

shabby破旧的；makeshift凑合的；impressive 给人深刻印象的；dilapidated毁坏的，要塌似的，荒废的。

50. B 文章的第三段说“Bond's England... Dame Vela Lynn.”，而文章接着又讲述了第二次世界大战后的英国是疲惫而且肮脏的，和邦德电影中的不符合。

因此我们可以知道在邦德电影中，英国常常被描述的很高贵而且漂亮。

51. A 由第一段三四行，知保守派谴责过多臃肿的福利加重了个人不负责的态度并且使他们丧失个人主动性。

选项A意思是说福利增加了个人或家庭对国家补助的依赖性，符合题意。

52. B 由第二段五六行“Perhaps he didn't know... railroad companies,”知，祖父一家得到
的田地原先是属于铁路公司的。

即选答案B。

53. D 由第五段内容知，早期美国人都比较依赖于政府机关部门，即可选答案D，早期美国社会和个人的依赖关系在生活中是必需的。

54. C 词汇题。

parochial狭小的；insular岛民的，孤立的，与题干词汇词义相符，为正确选项。

nimble敏捷的；absurd荒谬的，可笑的；liberal慷慨的，自由主义的。

55. B 综合全文，不难看出作者是站在一个客观的立场，客观地看待美国家庭的价值观的。

56. C 结合文章第一段和第四段可知。

A，B两项文中未涉及；D项distracts us（转移）不对。

57. B 文章中讲一个广告策划者应该兼备牧师、律师以及医生三者的能力。

牧师可以使他人为一些逻辑上讲不通的东西捐钱，而律师则可以极力使别人相信一些即使自己都不是很相信的事情，医生的能力则可以让病人觉得他完全了解病人的需要并能够医好病人。

这三种人都熟悉他人的心理而答到目的。

因此广告人员的首要技能就是了解消费者的心理。

58. A unimpeachable不容易怀疑的，无可指责的；reliable可靠的，值得信赖的；indisputable明白的，无可争辩的；supreme最高的，至高无上的；recognized公认的。

59. A 要让人们穿上白大褂是因为在广告中人们要扮演医生的角色，这样的确是为了
让广告显得更真实，但是A选项太过于笼统，并不是所有的广告都让人们穿上白大褂的，扮演医生的角色只是一个例子。

60. D 从文章中可以看出，广告商的作用就是增加产品的吸引力，使产品看起来是不同的，但是产品本身是否具备广告中描述的优点却不一定，广告商就是要使所有广告中的内容看起来都是真的，那就必然要求消费者不是那么严厉，但同时很容易受别人的影响，这样
才能相信广告中所说的东西。

61. out read it out of a book为“读出故事”的意思。

62. what，既充当主句的宾语，又充当从句的主语，所以用what。

63. point, prove the point是固定搭配，意思是“表明言论是确有根据的”。

64. on, on the whole为固定短语。

65. being，在children后做定语。

66. to, turn to为固定短语，意思为“把……变为……”。

67. that, on the grounds that因为……，解释原因。

68. in, indulge in sht.沉迷于……。

69. were，要用虚拟语气。

70. while，两个动作同时发生，while表示“一边……一边……”。

Part ⅤTransl
According to the situation and mission during the “tenth five-year” period, the “compendium” of the “tenth five-year plan” proposes the main goals of economic and social development in the next five years. That is: to maintain a relatively rapid development of national economy; to acquire remarkable achievements in the strategical adjustment of the economic structure and make obvious increase in the quality and benefit of economic growth in order to lay a stable foundation for achieving GDP in 2010 will be two times that in 2000; to make great progress in the construction of modern corporate system in state-owned enterprises, to improve the social security system to be comparatively sound, to gradually perfect the socialist market economy system, to expand the policy of opening-up to the outside and develop international cooperation; to broaden the channels of employment, continually increase the income of urban and rural residents, greatly upgrade mass material and cultural lives, strengthen ecological construction and environmental protection, accelerate the development of science, technology and education, improve the citizen' qualities, and obtain obvious progress in the establishment of legal
Part Ⅵ
参考范文
The Values of
In our lifetime, nobody can always be successful. Sometimes, we have to experience failure. When we are faced with such a disappointing matter, don't get frustrated. After all, as the old
In history, we notice that some great people have achieved success after repeated failures such as Beethoven. He created Symphony Nine after he failed several times in this attempt. It's failure that stimulated his determination to succeed. It's also failure that gave him a lesson from which he benefited a lot, even in his whole life. Therefore, failure shouldn't frighten us back. After failure, the critical thing for us to do is to find out the reason, draw a lesson from it and accumulate experience in order not to commit the same mistake that leads to the same result
remember to smile in face of it. When we see failure, we should believe that success is not far
ahead.。