2018_2019学年高考英语一轮复习unit24society讲义北师大版选修8

Unit 24 Society
一、刷黑板——词汇全听写先过识记默写关Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)
[第一屏听写]
1．inequality n．不平等
2．abortion n. 堕胎，人工流产
3．*household n. 一个家庭
4．graph n. 图表
5．*life expectancy 预期寿命
6．*consumer n. 消费者
7．currency n. 货币
8．signature n. 签名
[第二屏听写]
9．taxpayer n．纳税人
10．ownership n. 所有权
11．rag n. 破旧衣服
12．*resistance n. 反抗，抵制
13．grill n. 烤架
14．vice n. 坏习惯，恶习
15．mutton n. 羊肉
16．wind sb. up 故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑)
[第三屏听写]
17．brunch n．早午餐
18．buffet n. 自助餐
19．fingernail n. 手指甲
20．pension n. 退休金，养老金21．pregnant adj. 怀孕的
22．hydrogen n. 氢
23．format n. 格式
24．*leisure n. 闲暇，空闲25．framework n. 结构，构架
[第四屏听写]
26．feast n．盛宴，宴会27．surplus n. 盈余，剩余28．sow vt. & vi. 播(种) 29．roundabout n. 环岛，环形交叉路口30．collision n. 相撞
31．weed n. 杂草，野草32．fountain n. 喷泉，喷水池33．paddle vi. & vt划水；涉水34．wag vt. 摇摆，摆动
[第五屏听写]
35．packet n．小盒
36．grocer n. 食品杂货商37．league n. 联合会38．ministry n. 部
39．poster n. 海报
40．edition n. 版本
[第六屏听写]
41．alley n．胡同，小巷42．rectangular adj. 长方形的
43．mop n. 拖把
44．fragrant adj. 有香味的
45．*preservation n. 维护，保存46．arch n. 拱顶47．container n. 容器
[第七屏听写]
48．relay vt. 转达；传送49．spoonful n. 一匙之量
50．*robbery n. 抢劫
51．*rape n. 强奸
52．*shoplifting n. 在商店盗窃
53．*penalty n. 刑罚，惩罚
54．*revenge n. 复仇，报复
[第八屏听写]
55．anchor n．锚
56．*seaweed n. 海草，海藻
57．swing vi. 摇动
58．seagull n. 海鸥
59．spiritual adj. 宗教的，教会的；精神的60．prayer n. 祈祷，祷告61．merchant n. 商人
[第九屏听写]
62．wax n．蜡
63．pan n. 锅，平底锅64．semicircle n. 半圆(形)
65．suck vt. 含在嘴里吮食
66．bare adj. 赤裸的
67．*utopia n. 乌托邦，理想中的完美社会68．Buddhism n. 佛教
Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)
[第十屏听写]
1．homelessness n．无家可归
2．voluntary adj. 自愿的
3．abundant adj. 大量的
4．deposit vt. & vi. 存储，储蓄
5．govern vt. 统治，管理6．accumulate v. 积累
7．burden n. 重担，负担
8．diverse_adj. 各种各样的
9．come_into_being 形成，存在
[第十一屏听写]
10．adjustment n．调整，调节11．resign vt. & vi. 辞职
12．delete vt. 删除
13．shrink vi. (使)收缩，缩小14．show_off 炫耀，夸耀15．elect vt. 选举，推选16．merciful adj. 宽大的，仁慈的17．knock_into_sb. 撞上某人18．turning_point_ 转折点
[第十二屏听写]
19．undertake vt. 着手做，从事20．squeeze vt. 挤
21．thirst n. 口渴
22．break_into_ 闯入
23．fine n. 罚款24．sentence n. 判决25．abolish vt. 废除
26．on_principle_ 根据原则27．sentence_sb._to_death 判某人死刑
[第十三屏听写]
28．*furthermore adv. 此外，而且29．consequently adv. 所以，因此30．vacant adj. 未住人的，空置的31．choke vi. 窒息，噎住32．virtue n. 优点，长处33．rot vt. & vi. 腐烂
34．skip vt. 跳过
35．cast vt. 投下
36．*moreover adv. 再者，此外
二、刷清单——热身自盘点再过基本应用关(一)核心单词
(四)初中考点再回顾
一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点
1．burden n ．负担，重担 vt .(使)担负(沉重或艰难的任务、职责等)
[教材原句] Instead, they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay for them.
相反，它们就像一种负担，因为我们每月都要将挣来的大部分钱拿出来支付贷款。

单句语法填空
①He insisted on working after retirement, because he didn't want to become a burden to/on his children when he was old.
②Nowadays peasants are no longer burdened (burden) with heavy taxation. ③Why do you burden yourself with your sister's dog? 完成句子/句式升级
④There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I'll take_on/bear_the_burden.
尽管前面有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。

⑤Some parents complain that their children are_burdened_with_heavy_homework.
有些家长抱怨他们孩子的家庭作业繁重。

⑥He was burdened with endless paperwork, so he didn't have time to assist you.
→Burdened_with_endless_paperwork,_he_didn't_have_time_to_assist_you.(过去分词作状语)
2．undertake vt.着手做，从事，承担；允诺，答应
[教材原句] Conditions improved a great deal and the government undertook the preservation of many of the oldest hutongs.
胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。

单句语法填空
①We'll undertake for your security while you are visiting our country.
②He undertook to_improve (improve) the working conditions and the workers were expecting it.
句型转换/完成句子
③She undertook that she would finish the job by Friday last night.
→She undertook to finish the job by Friday last night.
④We are supposed to undertake_the_responsibility to lead a low­carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance.
我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。

3．abundant adj.大量的；丰富的；充裕的
[经典例句] There is an abundant supply of cheap labour.
廉价劳动力供应充足。

①South Africa is a developing country which is_abundant_in_natural resources.
南非是一个自然资源丰富的发展中国家。

②If you travel in the sea, you will see an_abundance_of marine creatures.
如果你在海上旅行的话，会看到很多海洋生物。

③There is still a growing need for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in_abundance.
我们对于原材料的需求日益增长，而有些荒野中就蕴藏着丰富的资源。

4．resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去；使顺从
[教材原句] His boss insisted that he work longer hours so he resigned.
他的老板坚持要他更长时间地工作，所以他辞职了。

单句语法填空
①It is report ed that more and more parents resign their children to grandparents at hometown while working in the city.
②Two members resigned from the board in protest against the decision.
完成句子
③In order to look after her sick mother, my friend decided to resign_her_position_as_manager.
为了照顾生病的母亲，我朋友决定辞去公司经理的职务。

④The team refused to resign_themselves_to_defeat/being_defeated.
该队不甘失败。

5．elect vt.选举，推选；选择
[经典例句] Employees from each department elect a representative.
每个部门的员工选举一名代表。

单句语法填空
①After she lost the election (elect), her influence on the public was in decline.
②It is said that only two students will be elected to_take (take) part in the coming English Contest.
③She became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate (参议院)．
完成句子
④He has already stated his intention to_run_for_the_election.
他已声明打算参加竞选。

⑤I have such a good command of English that I am_elected_as/to_be_assistant to my English teacher.
我精通英语，以至于我被选为英语老师的助手。

6．sentence n．& vt.判决；宣判；判刑
[教材原句] In the USA in the last 100 years, 23 men have been wrongly sentenced to death and there are doubts about 400 other cases.
在美国，在过去的100年里，23人已被误判为死刑，还有另外400件案例遭质疑。

①The prisoner has served_his_sentence_and will be released tomorrow.
犯人已服刑期满，明天将被释放。

②His brother was_sentenced_to_death_because he was accused of murder.
他的哥哥因被指控谋杀而被判处死刑。

③It's reported that the judge passed_sentence_on the murder on May 18.
据报道，法官于5月18日宣布了对杀人犯的判决。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．All kinds of flowers grow in abundance in the park and it looks more beautiful.
2．I will undertake to_feed (feed) your dogs while you are away.
3．The old man doesn't want to be a burden to/on his children.
4．They refused to resign themselves to their fate and wanted to try again.
5．We have not enough money; consequently (consequent) we cannot afford a new
car.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．A fierce fire broke out there last night. Consequent, most of the building was burnt to the ground.Consequent→Consequently
2．He was elected to be a chairman of the Students' Union at school.去掉a 3．In the evolution of human development and social process, scientific and technological innovation is always burdened to the important role.to→with 4．He failed all his attempts and now he has to resign his fate. resign后加to
5．The old man was in despair because the judge passed sentence to his son.to→on/upon
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．既然我们身为父母，我们就应该承担起照顾家人的责任。

(take on/bear the burden of)
Since_we_are_parents,_we_should_take_on/bear_the_burden_of_looking_after_all _the_family_members.
2．她们答应在星期一之前完成任务。

(undertake to do sth.)
They_undertook_to_finish_the_task_by_Monday.
3．众所周知，中国农产品丰富。

(be abundant in)
As_is_known_to_us,_China_is_abundant_in_agricultural_produce.
4．那个年轻人因偷了太多钱而被判了六年徒刑。

(sentence)
The_young_man_was_sentenced_to_six_years_in_prison_for_stealing_too_much_mon ey.
5．她怜悯那个孤儿，给了他一些食物和衣服。

(show mercy to)
She_showed_mercy_to_the_orphan_and_gave_him_some_food_and_clothes.
二、过短语、句式——学通学活靓人一眼
1．knock into sb.撞上某人
[教材原句] There is a car accident there at least once a week and today I nearly knocked into somebody crossing the road!
那里每周至少有一起车祸发生，我今天差点撞上一个正在过马路的人！
[归纳拓展]
①If you knock into someone, you'd better say “I'm sorry”．
如果你撞到某人身上，你最好说句“对不起”。

②He was in hospital f or two months after being knocked down/over by a car.
他被车撞后住了两个月的院。

③Please knock on/at the door before you come in next time.
下次在你进来之前请先敲门。

2．show off炫耀，夸耀；卖弄；显示
[教材原句] Nobody has any desire to show off and gold and silver have no value — unlike in our society.
没有人有任何欲望去炫耀，而且金和银没有价值——这与我们的社会不同。

①Mike has only driven to the pub to show_off_his_new_car — he usually walks.
迈克开车来酒吧只是为了向大家炫耀他的新车，他通常是步行的。

②After the lecture, we_were_shown_around the school by the headmaster.
讲座结束后，校长带领我们参观了校园。

③He promised to attend the meeting, but he hasn't_showed_up yet.
他答应出席会议，但是他还没有出现。

④Quite a number of world­famous paintings are___on__show in this exhibition.
有相当多的世界名画在本次展览会上展出。

3．come into being形成，存在
[教材原句] If laws such as these came into being, a huge adjustment would be required and there would certainly be diverse reactions.
如果像这样的法律能够形成的话，社会将需要作巨大的调整，而人们的反应也一定会各有不同。

单句语法填空
①Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence (exist)．
②The Irish Free State came into being (be) in 1922.
③Celebrating Valentine's Day came into fashion many years ago in China, and flower shops can sell dozens of roses at a time.
完成句子
④When did this word come_into_use?
这个词是什么时候开始使用的？
⑤A bicycle came_into_sight/view on the main road.
大路上出现了一辆自行车。

⑥The new tax regulation will come_into_effect/force at the beginning of the new year.
新税法将在来年年初开始生效。

⑦When did the labour government come_into_power in the UK?
在美国工党政府什么时候执政的？
make_life_easier,_not make_it_more_difficult.
新技术的目的是使生活变得更加容易，而不是变得更加困难。

②People in the West make_it_a_rule_to_buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
西方国家的人常在圣诞节时给亲属和朋友购买礼物。

③They didn't know the native language, so they couldn't
make_themselves_understood.
他们不懂当地的语言，所以他们不能使当地人理解自己的意思。

④The boy made a face just to make_others_laugh.
那个男孩做了个鬼脸，只是想逗别人笑。

①What_if_it_rains tomorrow? Will we still have soccer practice?
明天要是下雨怎么办？我们还练足球吗？
②What if (＝What_does_it_matter_if) he has much money?
即使他很有钱又有什么关系？
③Since she spent five years in Paris, how_come her French is so bad?
既然她在巴黎待了五年，她的法语怎么还会这样糟糕？
④—He is fifteen years younger than you!
—So_what?
——他比你小十五岁呢！
——那又怎么样？
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It's high time that you started/should_start (start) working.
2．The little girl would rather walked (walk) home from school every afternoon.
3．The scientist explained in his book how the universe came into being.
4．He doesn't invest in the arms industry on principle.
5．The teacher raised his voice so that he could make himself heard (hear)．6．We waited for her at the train station for over two hours, but she still didn't show up.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．She managed to make herself understand in English.understand→unders tood 2．I would rather you stayed with us yesterday, but you left.stayed前加_had 3．Could you do me a favor and keep an eye for my luggage？for→on
4．It's time that the factory takes action to deal with water pollution.takes→took
5．Although some people like to show up their wealth, income is a very private matter for most Americans.up→off
6．Many ways can contribute to solve this problem, but the following one may be the most effective. solve→solving
Ⅲ.翻译句子
1．这些噪音使我无法继续工作。

(make＋宾语＋宾补)
All_these_noises_made_it_impossible_for_me_to_go_on_with_the_work.
2．经过激烈的讨论，一项新的计划诞生了，这将对学生的学习有很大的影响。

(come into being, have an effect on)
After_a_heated_discussion,__a_new_plan_came_into_being,__which_would_have_a_ great_effect_on_the_study_of_students.
3．那是那位电影明星最后一次出现在公众面前。

(show up)
It_was_the_last_time_that_the_movie_star_had_shown_up_in_public.
4．我刚要进屋，正在那时从屋里跑出来一个男孩，差一点撞倒我。

(be about to do ... when ..., knock down/over)
I_was_about_to_enter_the_room_when_a_boy_ran_out_of_the_room_and_nearly_knoc ked_over/down_me.
5．要是我们把画移到那儿会怎么样？让我们试试。

(what if ...)
What_if_we_move_the_picture_over_there?_Let's_have_a_try.
Ⅳ.句型转换/一句多译
1．If this method begins to be used, it will greatly increase our production.
→If this method comes into use,_ it will greatly increase our production.
2．When did the term of “new­new people” exist?
→When did the term of “new­new people” come into being?
3．The scientist was thinking a problem when he ran into a tree.
→The scientist was thinking a problem when he knocked into a tree.
4．今天上午在镇上，我碰到了你谈论的那位明星。

①I_knocked_into_the_star you talked about in the town this morning.(knock)
②I_came_across_the_star you talked about in the town this morning.(come)
③I_met_with_the_star you talked about in the town this morning.(meet)
三、过语法、写作——写对写美高人一筹
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We would rather our daughter stayed (stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
2．The manager demanded that the workers (should)_work (work) overtime to complete the task ahead of time.
3．My parents requested that I (should)_learn (learn) a second foreign language.
4．Her pale face suggested that she was (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she (should)_have (have) a medical examination.
5．He insisted that he was (be) right, and he insisted that his plan (should)_be_carried (carry) out at once.
6．I think it's high time that the children went/should_go (go) to school.
7．The doctor recommended that she_(should)_have (have) a holiday to relax herself.
8．His son had been away from home for a week. He would rather he hadn't_shouted (not shout) at him.
9．If I were you, I would_go (go) abroad for further study.
10．His suggestion is that we (should)_do (do) our homework more carefully.
11．You'd better spend (spend) your time on some books worth reading.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．He recommended that I went to attend the professor's lecture. went→go 2．The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong and was set free at once._was→be
3．If I were you, I will accept the job at once.will→would
4．I would rather you returned me the book yesterday. But you didn't.returned 前加had
5．The look on his face suggested that he were angry. were→was
6．You'd better giving up smoking or you'll end in hospital._giving→give
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．When you feel nervous, you'd_better_listen_to_some_light_music to put yourself at ease.
当你感到紧张时，你最好听些轻音乐使自己放松一下。

2．If I were you, I_would_take_a_walk in the evening with my friends.
如果我是你，我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。

3．As a senior high student, I_think_you_should_concentrate_your_attention_on your skills of learning.
作为一名高中生，我认为你应该把你的注意力集中到你的学习技巧上。

4. I_would_rather_you_didn't_do anything for the time being.
我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。

5．It_is_high_time_that_we_should_take/took_measures to prevent global warming.
是我们该采取措施阻止全球变暖的时候了。

6．In my opinion, _it_is_important_that_we_(should)_value_our_friends_instead of phones in our real life.
在我看来，在我们的现实生活中我们应该重视我们的朋友，而不是手机，这一点很重要。

7．The child ought_to_be_punished. You shouldn't_let_him_get_away_with telling lies!
这个孩子应当受到处罚。

你不应该对他撒谎不进行处罚！
[题目要求]
近年来选择假期出国游的人越来越多，但游客的不文明现象时有发生。

请把下面的文章缩至60词左右。

注意：保留关键词，关键词在文中加黑。

[缩写提示]
At present, more and more people choose to travel abroad when they have holidays. Several factors contribute to this phenomenon. For one thing, with the development of China's economy, more people can afford to travel abroad. For another, as they are interested in foreign cultures, they are eager to experience foreign life by themselves.
However, some people tend to behave badly overseas as they drop litter everywhere,
spit in public, or jump the queue, which leave a bad impression.
Personally, I think every one of us should be polite no matter where we are, at home or abroad. Besides, we should keep in mind that it is our responsibility to maintain the image of our motherland.
[答案示例]
Now more and more people choose to travel abroad for various reasons. For example, the development of China's economy, and the interest in foreign cultures and so on. However, some people behave badly overseas. I think we should be polite no matter where we are and should maintain the image of our motherland.
练一阅读理解提速练限时35分钟
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
A
Most foodies (吃货) agree that eating healthy food is important.But sometimes making good food choices can be tough.Now there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their diets and their dining out experiences.
Cheese & Wine Pairing app
Wine and cheese can be a great combination.But which wines go best with which cheeses？Max McCalman's Cheese & Wine Pairing can help.It provides information about hundreds of different cheeses and advises wines to pair with each.Max McCalman's Cheese & Wine Pairing is free for iPhones and iPads.
Calorific app
What does 200 calories look like？It can be hard to picture.Calorific provides images of 200 calories worth of food.The pictures can help people on a diet and those who just want to eat healthier food.The app is free for iPads and iPhones.There is also a version that provides more information for a price.
HappyCow app
Vegetarians do not eat animal meat.Vegans do not eat any animal products.HappyCow is made for both ers can search for vegetarian­vegan restaurants and stores around the world.A free version of HappyCow is available for Android that has ads and requires an Internet connection.
LocalEats app
Restaurant chains, like McDonald's, can be found almost anywhere a person might travel.But sometimes travelers want to eat like locals.LocalEats is designed for that.It lists locally owned restaurants so users can try foods from that area.The app costs about a dollar.
A．Cheese & Wine Pairing B．LocalEats
C．Calorific D．HappyCow
解析：选C 细节理解题。

根据Calorific app部分的“The pict ures can help people on a diet ...”可知，Calorific app能帮助要节食的人。

故选C项。

22．How is LocalEats different from the other apps?
A．It is made for groups.
B．It is not free for iPhones or Android.
C．It is designed for travelers.
D．It is not available for vegetarians.
解析：选B 细节理解题。

根据最后一段最后一句“The app costs about a dollar.”可知，LocalEats app需要付费，再根据Cheese & Wine Pairing app部分的“Cheese & Wine Pairing is free for iPhones and iPads”；Calorific app部分的“The app is free for iPads and iPhones.”及HappyCow app部分的“A free version of HappyCow is available for Android”可知，其他三款应用程序均可免费使用。

故选B项。

23．What is the main purpose of this article?
A．To help people choose free restaurants.
B．To advertise the best apps for iPhones.
C．To introduce some healthy eating habits.
D．To inform foodies of some useful apps.
解析：选D 写作意图题。

根据首段中主题句“Now there are apps that can help people learn about the food they eat to improve their diets and their dining out experiences.”以及四个小标题中的关键词app可判断，本文的主要目的是为吃货们提供有用的应用程序。

故选D项。

B
(2018·陕西黄陵中学模拟)There are good reasons not to use a traditional credit card online. Shopping online increases the odds that someone will steal your credit card number. And the buy­now­pay­later aspect of credit cards encourages some people
to dangerously overspend. But the online economy is very much a credit card economy. If you're going to buy a song, book, or just anything online, you'll be expected to enter a credit card number. Fortunately, there are options.
Before we get to the good options, let's discuss an obvious
but very bad one: your ATM card. Su re, it has a 16­digit number
and can be used as a credit card. But it's a debit card, with
the money coming out of your bank account immediately with each
charge. If a thief gets your number, he or she could empty your account before you know what happened. Not so with a real credit card, where you pay nothing until you see the monthly bill and can challenge doubtful charges.
Instead, ask your bank to set you up with a secondary account for online purchases, and keep only a small amount in that account. The account would need its own ATM card, with its own credit card number. Just make sure this account lacks overdraft protection; you don't want money moving automatically from your real account into this one.
Another option: Sign up for Paypal, connecting it to your bank account. The payment service of Paypal can give you a debit card that you can use in place of a credit card.
Finally, you can use gift cards, which you can buy at old­fashioned brick­and­mortar stores (实体店). You can even buy these with cash.
I found gift cards for various pre­paid amounts for Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Ebay, and others. They also sell pre­paid Visa cards, which you could purchase for any amount between ＄20 and＄500.
A．riches B．chances
C．abilities D．responsibilities
解析：选B 词义推测题。

根据被猜词前面的increases一词以及后面that引导的同位语从句that someone will steal your credit card number 可知，网上购物增加了他人盗走你的信用卡号的可能性，故本题选择B项“可能性”。

A项意为“财富”；C项意为“能力”；D项意为“责任”。

25．Which is NOT true of an ATM card from the passage?
A．It can be used as a credit card.
B．It has a 16­digit number.
C．It is a debit card.
D．It is old­fashioned.
解析：选D 细节理解题。

根据第二段第二、三句“Sure, it has a 16­digit number and can be used as a credit card. But it's a debit card”可知，A、B与C项都与ATM card“金融卡”有关，而D项在文中未提及。

26．Which are the right options to shop online without a credit card?
a．keeping a large amount in your secondary account
b．signing up for Paypal, connecting it to your bank account
c．using gift cards bought at old­fashioned brick­and­mortar stores
d．asking your bank to set you up with a secondary account for online purchases A．a，b，c B．a，b，d
C．a，c，d D．b，c，d
解析：选D 细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句中的“keep only a small amount in that account”可知，a项中large一词错误，故正确答案中不应该包括a，故本题选择D项。

27．What would be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Shop Online Without a Traditional Credit Card
B．Why We Shouldn't Use a Credit Card Online
C．Several Ways to Shop Online Efficiently
D．What Sites Sell Pre­paid Visa Cards
解析：选A 标题归纳题。

第一段第一句提出不要用传统的信用卡进行网上购物，最后一句提出有其他选择可以取代这种支付形式；其余五段接着说明了具体的替代方式，也就是不用传统的信用卡却能进行网购的做法，故本题选择A项。

C项意为“高效率网购的几种做法”，与本文内容不符，故排除。

C
Robert Ballard was born in 1942.Form an early age, he loved the sea.Ballard grew up in Southern California.He spent his free time at the beach near his home.He enjoyed fishing and swimming.He even learned to dive.
When Ballard wasn't at the ocean, he loved reading about it.At the age of 10, he read Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a book which describes the undersea adventures of Captain Nemo.Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up.His parents helped him follow his dream.
Ballard was a hardworking student.He spent many years learning all he could about
the ocean.By the age of 28, he was an expert.In 1970, he took a job as a scientist at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts.There he studied underwater mountains of the Atlantic Ocean.He came up with ways to predict volcanoes under the oceans.Working with other scientists, Ballard also found previously unknown sea animals.These animals lived far below the ocean's surface, where scientists had believed no animals could live.
By the 1980s, Ballard's interests changed.He developed unmanned vehicles to explore the ocean bottom.His first find, the well­known ship Titanic, made Ballard famous.He was not happy with just one big find, however.He looked for — and found —other well­known ships.One was the German battleship Bismarck.Anot her was the USS Yorktown, an aircraft carrier (航空母舰) that sank during World War Ⅱ.
Today Robert Ballard is still an underwater explorer.He also heads an organization that encourages students to learn about science.Ballard hopes that some of the students will follow in his footsteps.After all, the world's huge oceans are mostly unknown.Who knows what remains to be discovered under the sea?
A．To be an animal expert.
B．To be a professional diver.
C．To be a famous writer.
D．To be an underwater explorer.
解析：选D 细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“At the age of 10, he read Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a book which describes the undersea adventures of Captain Nemo.Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up.”可知，巴拉德小时候的梦想是做一名海底探险者。

故选D项。

29．When Ballard worked at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, he________.
A．explored mountains with other scientists
B．thought of ideas to predict underwater volcanoes
C．found some unknown sea animals alone
D．developed unmanned vehicles to change interests
解析：选B 细节理解题。

根据第三段中的“There he studied underwater mountains of the Atlantic Ocean.He came up with ways to predict volcanoes under the oceans.”可知，巴拉德在伍兹霍尔海洋研究所工作时，提出了预测海底火山的方法。

故选B项。

30．What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A．The Unknown Ocean World
B．A Hardworking Student
C．The Life of an Undersea Explorer
D．An Underwater Exploration
解析：选C 标题归纳题。

根据文章的时间线索可知，本文是一篇人物传记，主要介绍了海底探险家罗伯特·巴拉德的人生经历。

故选C项。

31．Which of the following is TRUE about Ballard according to the passage?
A．Ballard set up an organization to teach students science.
B．Ballard has explored more than half of the world's oceans.
C．Ballard disappointed his parents at his undersea adventures.
D．Ballard was greatly influenced by Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea.
解析：选D 推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“At the age of 10, he read Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, a book which describes the undersea adventures of Captain Nemo.Ballard decided he wanted to be like Captain Nemo when he grew up.”可知，巴拉德受《海底两万里》这本书的影响很大。

故选D项。

D
(2018·天津河北区质检)Sometimes having a teenager at home can be a real headache. Many teenagers smoke, drink, wear strange hairdos and even fight. Basically, they are often taking risks.
Earlier studies have shown that teenagers are more likely to make irrational decisions than people from any other age group, including children and adults. Is it that teenagers are too young to tell right from wrong? Not really. So what explains their risky behavior?
According to Laurence Steinberg, a professor at Temple University, US, the reason is that teens care a lot about how their peers (同龄人) view them —that's the effect of “peer influence”， reported Science Daily.
As children enter their teenage years, they spend more time with their friends and classmates and also become more sensitive to their feedback (反馈). This sensitivity drives teenagers to concentrate on the short­term benefits of making risky choices and overlook the costs.
In a test, a group of teenagers were asked to play a video driving game. When they played with their friends watching, they took more chances and drove more carelessly because that would increase their possibility of winning. But when they
played alone, they tended to drive more safely.
Why does pressure from peers have such a big influence on teens' behavior?
As Steinberg sees it, a teenager's brain is like a car with a good accelerator (油门) but a weak brake (刹车). The “accelerator”， the brain's ability to notice the benefits of things, is fully developed by teenage years while the “brake”，the brain part related to controlling impulses (冲动) and long­term thinking, is still immature. When teens are under the pressure of being judged by their peers, they tend to push hard on the accelerator. Given how weak the brake is, it is likely that they are going to end up in a crash.
But the good news here, according to Steinberg, is that a violent teenager doesn't necessarily become a violent adult. About two­thirds to three­quarters of violent youth grow out of it. “They get more self­controlled，” Steinberg told Live Science.
Also, people who haven't committed a violent crime by age 19 are less likely to start doing it later, added Steinberg.
meaning to “________”．
A．crazy B．quick
C．careful D．independent
解析：选 A 词义猜测题。

结合第一段可知青少年可能会做出一些疯狂的决定。

irrational与crazy意思相近。

33．Why are teenagers likely to take risks according to the text?
A．They are too young to tell right from wrong.
B．They are eager to challenge themselves.
C．They care a lot about what their peers think of them.
D．Their brains are more sensitive to thrilling events.
解析：选C 细节理解题。

根据文章第三段“teens care a lot about how their peers (同龄人) view them”可知选项C正确。

34．How does Steinberg explain the influence of peer pressure on teens' behavior?
A．By performing an in­depth analysis.
B．By giving examples.
C．By using a metaphor (比喻)．
D．By presenting research findings.。